0bat-obat otonom
TRANSCRIPT
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PENDAHULUANOBAT OTONOM : OBAT YANG BEKERJA PADA SARAF
OTONOM MULAI DARI SEL SARAF SAMPAI
EFEKTOR
SISTIM SARAF OTONOM TERDIRI DARI : SISTIM SARAF SIMPATIS SISTIM SARAF PARA SIMPATIS
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Recall The Nervous System Pheripheral Nervous Central
Nervous System System
Autonomic Nervous Somatic Nervous System System
Parasympathetic SympatheticNervous System Nervous System
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SISTIM SIMPATIS DAN PARA SIMPATIS
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NEUROTRANSMITTER SIMPATIS DAN PARASIMPATIS
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KLASIFIKASI OBAT OTONOM
1. ADRENERGIK ( Simpatomimetik)2.PENGHAMBAT ADRENERGIK
(Simpatolitik)3.KOLINERGIK ( Parasimpatomimetik)4.PENGHAMBAT
KOLINERGIK( Parasimpatolitik)5. OBAT GANGLION
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KOORDINASI SISTIM SARAF OTONOM
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Kolinergik dan Adrenergik
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OBAT ADRENERGIK1.Kerja langsung KatekolaminAdrenalin (epinefrin), fenilefrin dll)Efek yang ditimbulkan mirip
perangsangan saraf adrenergikKebanyakan obat adrenergik bekerja scr langsung pada reseptor adrenergikReseptor simpatis yang berperan :
α1,α2,β1 dan β2.
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SINTESIS KATEKOLAMIN
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KATEKOLAMIN & NON KATEKOLAMIN
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OBAT ADRENERGIK2. Kerja tidak langsungAmfetamin, dan efedrin.Menimbulkan efek adrenergik melalui
pelepasan NE( nor epinefrin) yang tersimpan dalam ujung saraf adrenergik.
Onset lebih lambat, masa kerja lebih lama.
Pemberian terus menerus,waktu singkat Takifilaksis.
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EPINEFRIN (adrenalin)KVS Peningkatan tekanan darahArteri koroner Peningkatan aliran darah koronerJantung Memperkuat kontraksi jantungTekanan darah Meningkatkan tekanan sistolikPernafasan Relaksasi Bronkus, etc…….
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AGONISAgonis selektif reseptor β2 (β2 –agonis)
Salbutamol, Terbutalin, dll BronkodilatorAgonis selektif reseptor α2 (α2- agonis)
Klonidin, Metildopa, dll Antihipertensi
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AGONIS DAN ANTAGONIS
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Indikasi klinik obat adrenergik1.Syok anafilaktik 8.Asma bronkial2.Hipotensi 9. Medreatik
3.Hipertensi 10.
Tokolitik,etc…….4.Aritmia jantung5.Gagal jantung kongestif6.Vasokonstriktor lokal7.Dekongestan nasal
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Penghambat adrenergikKlasifikasi berdasarkan tempat kerjanya terdiri dari :
1. Antagonis adrenoseptor α( α- Bloker) 2. Antagonis adrenoseptor β(β - Bloker)
3. Penghambat saraf adrenergik
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1. Antagonis adrenoseptor ( α- Bloker)Derivat haloalkil amin, imidazolin, alkaloid ergot α Bloker selektif :Prazosin Vasodilatasi
Penurunan Tekanan darah Indikasi : Hipertensi, CHF,Peny Raynaud
dll
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2.Antagonis adrenoseptor β(β - Bloker)Selektif dan non selektif Propranolol, Asebutolol, Timolol
Indikasi : Hipertensi, Bronkodilator , Anti angina, Infark miokard,dll
Efek samping : ?....................
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OBAT KOLINERGIKKlasifikasi:1. Ester kolin ( Asetilkolin, Metakolin)
2.Antikolinesterase (Prostigmin, neostigmin)
3.Alkaloid tumbuhan Muskarin,pilokarpin)
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2.Anti kolinesterase1.Reversibel2.Irreversibel Gas perang, insektisida organofosfatEfek farmakodinamika :Miosis, hilangnya daya akomodasi,
peristaltik & sekresi lambung ,fibrilasi otot, meningkatkan sekresi kelenjar, bronkokontriks,vasodilatasi perifer dll.
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IntoksikasiInsektisida organofosfat golongan
terpenting penyebab keracunanKeracunan dapat terjadi secara
oral, inhalasi dan absorpsi kulit.Gejala keracunan : Miosis kuat,
br0nkokontriksi, sekret saliva meningkat, hiperperistaltik dll
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Terapi intoksikasi1.Simtomatik2.Kausal : Pemberian Atropin 2 mg im/iv Diulang tiap 7-10 menit sampai peritaltik & bronkokontriksi dihambat, nafas spontan observasi terus menerus sampai keadaan stabil
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IndikasiReversibel Atoni otot polos,miotik, diagnosis & penatalaksanaan Miastenia Gravis,
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ANTI KOLINERGIKAnti kolinergik yang bekerja pada reseptor muskarinik
Atropin, Ipratropium bromidaEfek sentral terhadap SSP Merangsang pada dosis kecil Mendepresi pada dosis toksik
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ANTI KOLINERGIKEfek farmakodinamik : Mengurangi sekresi saluran nafas, anti spasmodik,dll
Indikasi: Intoksikasi insektisida organofosfat Asma Bronkial dll
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OBAT GANGLIONTerdiri dari :1.Obat perangsang ganglion Nikotin2.Obat penghambat ganglion Heksametonium (C6),Pentolinium,
dll.
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“Semoga bermanfaat”