1-1. body structure general function- me213

8/11/2019 1-1. Body Structure General Function- ME213

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Body structure & Generalfunction

Anatomyis the study of body structures

Physiologyis the study of body functions


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Learning outcomes To understand the medical terminology and

usage of it

To become familiar with the basic anatomyof the human body and be able to identifythe primary structures

To understand and be able to describe theparts and the basic functions of each bodysystem


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Midaxillary lineimaginary line running vertically

from the middle of the armpit to the ankle Midclavicular lineimaginary line running

vertically from the middle of the clavicle to thepelvis

TorsoTrunk of body Bilateral pertaining to both sides Ipsilateralof the same side

Contralateral

of the opposite side


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Body Parts /Area

Description

Antebrachial forearm

Antecubital front of elbow

Axillary armpit

Brachial upper arm

Buccal (oral) mouth

Cardiac heart

Cervical neck

Cranial head

Cutaneous skin

Deltoid shoulder

Femoral thighFrontal forehead

Gastric stomach

Gluteal buttocks

Hepatic liver

Iliac hip

Body parts /Area

Description

Inguinal groin

Lumbar small of back

Mammary breast

Nasal nose

Occipital back of head

Orbital eye

Patellar Knee cap

Pectoral chest

Pedal foot

Perineal pelvic floor

Plantar sole of footPopliteal back of knee

Pulmonary lungs

Renal kidney

Sacral base of spine

Scapular shoulder blade


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Body parts and areas. The body is shown in anatomic position.

Anterior and Posterior view.


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Cavities of the body

A. Dorsal Body Cavity1. Cranial Cavitycontain brain2.Vertebral or spinal cavitycontain spinal cord

B.Ventral Body Cavity1. Thoracic cavity

a. Pleural Cavities (containing lungs)b. Pericardial Cavity (containing the heart)

c. MEDIASTINUM

Space in between twolungs , containing heart and big vessels2. Abdominopelvic Cavity

a. Abdominal Cavity abdominal organsb. Pelvic Cavity pelvic organs


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Regions of the abdominal area


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All living things perform the same basicfunctions.

Responsiveness- Organisms respond tochanges in their immediate environment,this is called irritability.

Growth- Organisms grow larger, increasingin size through an increase in the size ornumber of their cells.


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CARDIOVASCULARINTEGUMENTARY


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SKELETAL

CARDIOVASCULAR

DIGESTIVE

RESPIRATORY

EXCRETORY

LYMPHATIC

NERVOUS

REPRODUCTIVE

MUSCULAR

ENDOCRINE

INTEGUMENTARY

Body Systems


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Functions associated with each system


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Components skin

hair

glands

Functions protection

regulates body temperature

eliminates waste

vitamin D

sensations

Integumentary System


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Components Bones

Joints

Cartilage

Functions

Support Protection

Body movement

Produces blood cells

Stores minerals & fats

Skeletal system


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Components skeletal muscles

Functions body movement

posture

generates heat

Muscular system


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Circulatory System

Components

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System Function

Transportation of materials


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Components

blood

heart

blood vessels

Functions pumps blood

carries O2and nutrients to

cells and wastes away

regulates temperature,

acid-base balance, andH2O

Cardiovascular system


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Components lymph fluid & vessels

spleen

thymus

lymph nodes tonsils

Functions transports dietary lipids

protection

Lymphatic system


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Components brain

spinal cord

nerves

special sense organs

Functions action potentials (nerve

impulses)

detects, interprets, andresponds to changes inenvironment

Nervous system


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Components Nose

Nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

trachea

bronchial tree

lungs

Functions exchange of gases

acid-base balance

sound production

Respiratory system


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Components mouth

pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestines

large intestines

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

Functions breakdown of food

absorption of food

eliminates wastes

Digestive system


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Components kidneys

ureters

urinary bladder urethra

Functions eliminates waste

regulates blood composition &

volume

acid-base balance

Urinary System


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Components hormone-producing glands

and cells

Functions regulates body activities

Endocrine system


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Components

Male repro

organs

Female reproorgans

associated

structures

Functions

produce

gametes

hormone

regulation

Reproductive system


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Arrangement of structuresin the body

From within outwards

Bones form the supporting framework

Muscles are attached to bones Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics form

neurovascular bundles which course in between themuscles along the fascial plane

Thoracic and abdominal cavities contain severalinternal organs called viscera

Whole body has 3 general coverings skin,superficial fascia and deep fascia


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Bone

Superficial fascia

Cross section of thigh

Cross section of Thorax


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Cross section of neck

Cross section of Thorax

1-1. body structure general function- me213

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