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Body structure & Generalfunction
Anatomyis the study of body structures
Physiologyis the study of body functions
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Learning outcomes To understand the medical terminology and
usage of it
To become familiar with the basic anatomyof the human body and be able to identifythe primary structures
To understand and be able to describe theparts and the basic functions of each bodysystem
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Midaxillary lineimaginary line running vertically
from the middle of the armpit to the ankle Midclavicular lineimaginary line running
vertically from the middle of the clavicle to thepelvis
TorsoTrunk of body Bilateral pertaining to both sides Ipsilateralof the same side
Contralateral
of the opposite side
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Body Parts /Area
Description
Antebrachial forearm
Antecubital front of elbow
Axillary armpit
Brachial upper arm
Buccal (oral) mouth
Cardiac heart
Cervical neck
Cranial head
Cutaneous skin
Deltoid shoulder
Femoral thighFrontal forehead
Gastric stomach
Gluteal buttocks
Hepatic liver
Iliac hip
Body parts /Area
Description
Inguinal groin
Lumbar small of back
Mammary breast
Nasal nose
Occipital back of head
Orbital eye
Patellar Knee cap
Pectoral chest
Pedal foot
Perineal pelvic floor
Plantar sole of footPopliteal back of knee
Pulmonary lungs
Renal kidney
Sacral base of spine
Scapular shoulder blade
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Body parts and areas. The body is shown in anatomic position.
Anterior and Posterior view.
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Cavities of the body
A. Dorsal Body Cavity1. Cranial Cavitycontain brain2.Vertebral or spinal cavitycontain spinal cord
B.Ventral Body Cavity1. Thoracic cavity
a. Pleural Cavities (containing lungs)b. Pericardial Cavity (containing the heart)
c. MEDIASTINUM
Space in between twolungs , containing heart and big vessels2. Abdominopelvic Cavity
a. Abdominal Cavity abdominal organsb. Pelvic Cavity pelvic organs
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Regions of the abdominal area
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All living things perform the same basicfunctions.
Responsiveness- Organisms respond tochanges in their immediate environment,this is called irritability.
Growth- Organisms grow larger, increasingin size through an increase in the size ornumber of their cells.
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CARDIOVASCULARINTEGUMENTARY
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SKELETAL
CARDIOVASCULAR
DIGESTIVE
RESPIRATORY
EXCRETORY
LYMPHATIC
NERVOUS
REPRODUCTIVE
MUSCULAR
ENDOCRINE
INTEGUMENTARY
Body Systems
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Functions associated with each system
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Components skin
hair
glands
Functions protection
regulates body temperature
eliminates waste
vitamin D
sensations
Integumentary System
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Components Bones
Joints
Cartilage
Functions
Support Protection
Body movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals & fats
Skeletal system
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Components skeletal muscles
Functions body movement
posture
generates heat
Muscular system
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Circulatory System
Components
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System Function
Transportation of materials
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Components
blood
heart
blood vessels
Functions pumps blood
carries O2and nutrients to
cells and wastes away
regulates temperature,
acid-base balance, andH2O
Cardiovascular system
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Components lymph fluid & vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes tonsils
Functions transports dietary lipids
protection
Lymphatic system
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Components brain
spinal cord
nerves
special sense organs
Functions action potentials (nerve
impulses)
detects, interprets, andresponds to changes inenvironment
Nervous system
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Components Nose
Nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
Functions exchange of gases
acid-base balance
sound production
Respiratory system
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Components mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
Functions breakdown of food
absorption of food
eliminates wastes
Digestive system
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Components kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder urethra
Functions eliminates waste
regulates blood composition &
volume
acid-base balance
Urinary System
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Components hormone-producing glands
and cells
Functions regulates body activities
Endocrine system
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Components
Male repro
organs
Female reproorgans
associated
structures
Functions
produce
gametes
hormone
regulation
Reproductive system
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Arrangement of structuresin the body
From within outwards
Bones form the supporting framework
Muscles are attached to bones Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics form
neurovascular bundles which course in between themuscles along the fascial plane
Thoracic and abdominal cavities contain severalinternal organs called viscera
Whole body has 3 general coverings skin,superficial fascia and deep fascia
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Bone
Superficial fascia
Cross section of thigh
Cross section of Thorax
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Cross section of neck
Cross section of Thorax