1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. mapping the british isles r-dropping h-dropping foot-strut split ng coalescence...
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Mapping the British Isles
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
based on Trudgill, Dialects, Routledge 1994, pages 37-39.
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
Mapping the British Isles
![Page 4: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. Mapping the British Isles R-Dropping H-Dropping FOOT-STRUT Split NG Coalescence FACE-Diphthonging based on Trudgill, Dialects, Routledge](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032521/56649d5f5503460f94a3fcaf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scotland
Northeast
North
East CentralWest Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
Mapping the British Isles
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Scotland
Northeast
North
East CentralWest Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
N. Ireland(Ulster)
S. Ireland(Eire)
Mapping the British Isles
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+r
+r
-r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
NB!
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arm
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+r
+r
-r+r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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+r
+r
-r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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+h
-h
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging+h
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house
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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sun
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Last
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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tongue
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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Scotland
Northeast
North
East Central
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
West Central
Wales
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Scotland 3
Northeast 3
North 4
East Central 5
Western SW 6
Eastern SW7
Southeast 8
West Central 4
Wales 5
HiglandScottish
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Scotland
NortheastNorth
East Central
West Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
N. Ireland(Ulster)
S. Ireland(Eire)
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R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth. new
1 Scotland o o n n o 2
2 The Northeast n o o n o 2
3 The North n n o n o 3
4 Wales n n n n o 4
5 West Central n n o o n 3
6 East Central n n o n n 4
7 Western SW o n n n o 3
8 Eastern SW o n n n n 4
9 The Southeast n n n n n 5
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R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth.
BATH-
TRAP Split
FOOT-
GOOSE Merger
Diph-thongShift new
1 Scotland o o n n o o n o 3
2 The Northeast n o o n o o o o 2
3 The North n n o n o o o o 3
4 Wales n n n n o o o o 4
5 West Central n n o o n o o o 3
6 East Central n n o n n o o o 4
7 Western SW o n n n o n o n 5
8 Eastern SW o n n n n n o n 6
9 The Southeast n n n n n n o n 7
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• BATH-TRAP Split
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• FOOT-STRUT Split• BATH-TRAP Split
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• Diphthong Shift
+
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http://notendur.hi.is/peturk/KENNSLA/87/VARS/index.html
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Were you looking at this?
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R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth.
BATH-
TRAP Split
FOOT-
GOOSE Merger
Diph-thongShift
NURSE
Merger new
1 Scotland o o n n o o n o o 3
2 The Northeast n o o n o o o o n 3
3 The North n n o n o o o o n 4
4 Wales n n n n o o o o n 5
5 West Central n n o o n o o o n 4
6 East Central n n o n n o o o n 5
7 Western SW o n n n o n o n n 6
8 Eastern SW o n n n n n o n n 7
9 The Southeast n n n n n n o n n 8
So I should have added another variable:
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Particular variables:• reversing several several variables particularly
NG Coalescence– also others e.g. FOOT-GOOSE and FOOT-
STRUT - spoilt calculations
Report on assignment 4
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Particular variables:• FOOT-GOOSE not an innovation?• FOOT-STRUT in Scotland may not be an
innovation either.
Report on assignment 4
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Particular variables:• SW no Diphth Shift - difficulties with Diphth Shift• FOOT-GOOSE marked -/+ in the Northeast• use of schwa for STRUT in Wales (one answer)• R-Dropping negative in Northeast. Northumbrian
burr
Report on assignment 4
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Reasons• “It is most likely that the areas that have the
highest number of innovative forms do so because they have been highly influenced by other languages.”
• French influence.• London a melting-point for foreigners and Brits
from all over.
Report on assignment 4
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Reasons• Immigrants…• When did they appear in any numbers? What of
the variables we are discussing could be attributed to foreign influence?
• Not clear that any of the variables concerned could be attributed to French influence ….H-Dropping?? – What percentage of the population spoke French?– French influence in vocabulary
Report on assignment 4
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Reasons• The Norse influence in the Middle Ages (before
the French):– Clear grammatical influence– But we are talking of the accents of Standard English,
which has the same grammar everywhere …– A Norse-English creole???
• … to be continued
Report on assignment 4
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Reasons• Conditions for dissemination of innovation:
– assume random occurrence of innovations• but greater probability in denser
populations• remember the critical size of children’s
groups
Report on assignment 4
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Reasons• the socio-linguistic effect must be in the
dissemination, not the occurence– otherwise notional association of linguistic
factors with quality: phonetics, grammar …• so the two factors are
– large population– prestige of the new form (group identity. NB
prestige works both ways)
Report on assignment 4
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-r -h u X e:
-r -h Æ X e:
-r -h u X e: