1-2 Looking Inside Cells

Organelle- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell (Tiny Organs)

Cell Wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants(not Animals) Protects and supports the cell Made of cellulose (Tough yet

flexible material)

Cell Membrane Controls which substances can enter

or leave a cell All cells have cell membranes In cells with cell walls, the membrane

lies just inside the cell wall. In all others, it forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from the outside

Lets what the cell needs in, and what it doesn’t want out, through openings (pores)

Nucleus

A structure that contains the instructions that direct all the cell’s activities

Cell’s control center or “Brain”

Nuclear Membrane- protects the nucleus Materials pass in and out through

pores

In the Nucleus Chromatin- Material in cells that

contains DNA and carries genetic information

Tiny strands floating in the nucleus Contain genetic information that

direct the functions of the cell

Nucleolus- Where ribosomes are made Ribosomes are where protein is made

Parts of the Nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm- The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus Cytoplasm is always moving Clear, thick, gel-like fluid

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Mitochondria- Produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell’s functions

Called the “powerhouses” of the cell Muscle cells have many of them

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-

A maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another

Ribosomes- A small grain-like structure in the

cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made

Also found attached to ER Protein Factories

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Golgi Bodies- - Receives proteins and materials

from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell

The Cell’s Mailroom Also release materials outside

the cell

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Chloroplasts-

- Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food

ONLY IN PLANTS These give plants their green color Green due to Chlorophyll

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Vacuoles- Storage area of cells Most plants have a very large

water vacuole

Lysosome- - Contain chemicals that break down

large food particles into smaller ones

CLEAN UP CREW More common in animal cells

Bacterial Cells

Very different from plant and animal cells (much smaller)

Have cell wall and cell membrane NO NUCLEUS Contain ribosomes, but no other

organelles found in plants or animals

Specialized Cells Cells are very different

from each other in size and structure

Each cell is designed to do it’s job in the organism