1-36 2006 機器人史與科技先驅 raymond kurzweilccis.nctu.edu.tw/word/11-01.pdf ·...

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資訊社會研究(11) 1-362006 7 機器人史與科技先驅 Raymond Kurzweil 郭宣靆整理 南華大學出版學研究所 [email protected] 機器人發展的過去與未來(網路資料整理) 你能想像嗎?在醫院的手術臺前,機器人在為病人做開顱手 術;在遠離地球的月球表面,機器人在代替人類採集月球標本;在未 來的戰場上,可能有一種體積宛如昆蟲的武器,竟能使一座城市的電 力全部癱瘓……這些並非是科學幻想,而是正在或將要成為的現實。 機器人是人類創造的一種機器,也是人類創造的一個偉大奇蹟,機器 人的出現滿足了人類的一種幻想。這就是說,在某些方面,機器人具 有超人的能力。 那麼,目前世界上機器人技術發展到了一個什麼樣 的水平,又在哪些領域得到應用?在機器人時代向我們走來的同時, 讓我們走近機器人,瞭解一下機器人的世界吧。 機器人大事記 1 1947 首篇智慧型機器人文章發表 1956 全球第一個機器人製造公司 Unimation Inc.成立 1959 英格伯格和德沃爾聯手製造出第一台工業機器人 UNIMATE 1962 史丹佛大學設立人工智慧實驗室 1962 美國機械與鑄造公司( AMF )製造出工業機器人,稱爲 VERSTRAN」,意思是「萬能搬動」 1970 史丹佛大學研發第一個機器手臂 1973 日本一橋大學研發第一個人形機器人 1980 MIT 設立機器人雙足實驗室 1984 Unimation Inc.公司研發完成第一部醫療用機器人 1988 美國醫院啟用醫療用機器人 HelpMate 1 主要資料來源 http://consumer.chinatimes.com/EVENT/2006robot/robot-3-5-1.htm

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  • (11) 1-362006 7

    Raymond Kurzweil

    [email protected]

    ,

    1 1947 1956 Unimation Inc. 1959 UNIMATE 1962 1962 AMF

    VERSTRAN 1970 1973 1980 MIT 1984 Unimation Inc. 1988 HelpMate

    1 http://consumer.chinatimes.com/EVENT/2006robot/robot-3-5-1.htm

  • 2 (11)

    1990 1992 1993 MIT 1996 HONDA P2 1997 RoboCup 1997 NASA 1997 1999 SONY AIBO 2000 HONDA ASIMO 2001 Robot Challenge 2003 HRP-2 2003 SONY QRIO(SDR-4XII) 2003 iRobot Roomba 20

    2003 2004 Wakemaru

    robotrobota1920 Karl Capek21920Rossums Universal Robots R.U.R.3Robot

    , 20 2 http://www.xminfo.net.cn:8080/xmkp/kpzs/hyyhjkyzs3_1_18.htm 3

  • Raymond Kurzweil 3

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    5 1962

    30 4 1990 1

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    5 http://www.student.gov.cn/robot/robot%20world/wl/csz.htm

  • 4 (11)

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  • Raymond Kurzweil 5

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    1966 Unimation AMF 1967

    Hall Automation RAMP70

    Lighthall

    70

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  • 6 (11)

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    1984

    1985

    50 50 1968 1971 1970 1975

    1975 30 120 20

  • Raymond Kurzweil 7

    60 11

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    40% 13

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    60 70 80 1980

  • 8 (11)

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    1) PID 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

    1) PID 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

    7 http://famousky.com/default.asp?cateID=48

  • Raymond Kurzweil 9

    1) DSP 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)

    1) 2) Agent 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

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    Isaac Asimov8

    8 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%

    E9%98%BF%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%AB Isaac Asimov1920 1 2 1992 4 6

    1941 Runaround

  • Raymond Kurzweil 11

    9

    150

    10

    9 http://database.cpst.net.cn/popul/views/artic/60401093813.html 10 http://www.cpus.gov.cn/kjsh/jqrsh/jqrwg.htm

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    ,

    1

    11

    28

    11

    http://www.mnd.gov.tw/publication/subject.aspx?TopicID=476

  • Raymond Kurzweil 13

    12 1

    21

    2 13

    21

    Ian NeildIan Person2005 BT Technology Timeline14

    12 http://tech.163.com/06/0324/11/2CVOKT6A00091S79.html 13 1950 Alan TuringTuring Test

    inquisitorterminal

    1991 Hugh Loebner Turing Test Loebner Turing Test Turing Test

    14 http://www.btinternet.com/~ian.pearson/ http://iarthome.com/read/htm/tid-3034.html

  • 14 (11)

    2020 2040

    20082012 20082012 20082012 20082012

    20082012 20112015 20112015 20132017

    20162020 20162020 20162020 20162020 2020 2020 2020 2230 2030 2040 2040 2050

    20082012

  • Raymond Kurzweil 15

    20082012 20082012 20112015 20112015 20112015 20112015 20132017 90% 20122017 20132017 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2030

    2040

    2040 20082012 20082012 20082011 20112015 20112015 RFID 20132017

    20062020 20162020 20162020 2030 95%

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    20082012 60% 20082012 20082012 20112015 20132017 20132017 20162020 2020

    2030

    20062010 20082012 20082012 20082012 1500 20082012 50% 20082012 20112015 20112015 20112015 20132017 20132017 2020 50% 2030 2030 2030 2040 50% 2040

  • Raymond Kurzweil 17

    20082012 20082012 20082012 20082012 20082012 20082012 20082012 20112015 20112015 20112015

    20112015 20112015 2020 2020

    2020 2020 2020 2030 2030

    20112015 20112015 20112015 20132017 20162020 2020 2020 2030 2040

  • 18 (11)

    20082012 20082012 20082012 20112015 20112015 20132017 20132017 20162020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2030

    2040

    20112015 20162020 20162020 2020 2020 2030 2030 2040 2040 2040 15

    15 http://consumer.chinatimes.com/EVENT/2006robot/robot-3-1-1.htm

  • Raymond Kurzweil 19

    16 1 (Actuator)

    2 (Animatronic)

    3 (Android)

    (humanoid) 4 (Cybernetics) (Norbert

    Wiener) 5 (Cyborg)

    6 (Mechatronics)

    7 (Pick-and-Place robot)

    8 (Robot) ()

    9 (Sensor)

    10(Servo)

    16 http://consumer.chinatimes.com/EVENT/2006robot/robot-3-2-1.htm

  • 20 (11)

    1http://robotics.bu.edu/17 2http://www.gjwtech.com/ 3http://www.roboticfan.com/index.asp 4http://www.kepu.com.cn/gb/technology/robot/ 5http://robotics.caltech.edu/ 6http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/milab.html 7http://hrl.harvard.edu/18 8http://www.playrobot.com/linkweb.htm 9http://www.liurenping.com/keyan/index.html 19 10http://ai.stanford.edu/20 11http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/ Hans Moravec21

    (Raymond Kurzweil)

    17 (Communicating mobile robotics)

    (Contact sensing)(Structural dynamics)(Control of Fluids)(Friction modeling)(Networked Control Systems)(Tactile display)(Control of Mechanical Systems)

    18 Analog Computation Choreography of Dynamical SystemsControl of Quantum SystemsPattern GenerationRobotic ManipulationSystem Identification

    19 ROBOCUPROBOCUP SUNNY618

    20 (bio-informatics)

    (cognition) (computational geometry) (computer vision)(decision theory)(distributed systems)(game theory)(image processing, information retrieval)(knowledge systems)(logic)(machine learning)(multi-agent systems)(natural language)(neural networks)(planning)(probabilistic inference)(sensor networks)

    21 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Moravec

  • Raymond Kurzweil 21

    http://www.kurzweiltech.com/raycv.html ( Kurzweil )

    1948 2 12 Kurzweil Technologies, Inc.

    PMB 193 733 Turnpike Street North Andover, MA 01845 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.KurzweilTech.com & www.KurzweilAI.net 1970 MIT B.S., Computer Science and

    Literature, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Honorary Degrees 1982--2005 12

    2003 Ray & Terrys Longevity Products Inc.

    (nutraceutical) 2001 www.KurzweilAI.net

    2000 Kurzweil Kurzweil Cyber Art Technologies,

    Inc., KCATAARON()Ray Kurzweil's (Cybernetic Poet)

    1999 FAT KAT, Inc.The KurzweilAI.net

  • 22 (11)

    1997 Medical Learning Company, Inc., MLC

    1996 Kurzweil Kurzweil Educational Systems, Inc., KESIKurzweil 3000 Kurzweil 1000

    1995 Kurzweil Kurzweil Technologies, Inc., KTI

    1982 Kurzweil (Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, Inc., KAI)

    1982 Kurzweil Kurzweil Music Systems, Inc 1990 Young Chang Akki Co., Ltd. Young Chang Akki Co., Ltd.Kurzweil Mark 5, 10, 150, Micro Piano Kurzweil K2000, K2500, PC88

    1974 Kurzweil Kurzweil Computer Products, Inc. 1980 Xerox Corporation Xerox Imaging SystemsTextBridge ()

    2001 host / hostessAvatar

    2001 Ramona 1997 Print-to-Speech Reading System

    Kurzweil 3000 1997 (Kurzweil Voice

    Commands) 1994 Windows Kurzweil Voice for

    Windows 1987 Kurzweil Voice

    Report

  • Raymond Kurzweil 23

    1985 (Kurzweil VoiceMED) 1984

    Kurzweil 250 1976 Omni-Font Xerox

    TextBridge 1976 Kurzweil Reading Machine

    1975 CCD Flatbed Scanner 1975 1967 SELECT

    Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1964

    1964 (Four-Way Analysis of Variance)

    2005 The Singularity is

    Near, When Humans Transcend Biology 2004 Fantastic Voyage: Live Long

    Enough to Live Forever Terry Grossman 2002 (Are We

    Spiritual Machines, Ray Kurzweil vs the Critics of Strong A.I.) 1999 The Age of Spiritual Machines, When Computers

    Exceed Human Intelligence 1994 The 10% Solution for a

    Healthy Life 1990 The Age of Intelligent Machines 1991-1993 ( The Futurecast)Library

    Journal KurzweilAI.net 500

  • 24 (11)

    U.S. 6,754,823 Technique for distributing software U.S. 6,747,672 Virtual patient hot spots U.S. 6,692,258 Patient simulator U.S. 6,647,395 Poet personalities U.S. 6,587,583

    Compression / decompression algorithm for image documents having text, graphical and color content

    U.S. 6,320,982 U.S. 6,246,791 U.S. 6,199,042 U.S. 6,173,264 Reading system

    displaying scanned images with dual highlighting U.S. 6,125,347 System for

    controlling multiple user application programs by spoken input

    U.S. 6,052,663 Reading system which

    reads aloud from an image representation of a document

    U.S. 6,033,224 Reading machine system for the blind having a dictionary

    U.S. 6,014,464 U.S. 5,875,428

    Kurzweil Raymond Kurzweil (OCR)-

    transhumantechnological singularityfuturology

  • Raymond Kurzweil 25

    Kurzweil Queens

    BBS I've Cot a Secret1986 1970 MIT

    Kurzweil --

    Kurzweil 2002 United States Patent and Trademark OfficeNational Inventors Hall of Fame Lemelson-MIT Prize 50 1999 National Medal of Technology12 3

    Kurzweil Kurzweil 1990 Young Chang

    Kurzweil alter ego 25 Romona22S1m0ne 22 Romona LifeFX 3D eGain

    eGain LifeFX

    1950 LifeFX

  • 26 (11)

    2005 Bill Gates Ray Kurzweil Kurzweil National Federation of the Blind2005 Kurzweil sighted

    2001 'The Law of Accelerating Returns' Ray Kurzweil Moore's lawTechnological Singularity23Kurzweil 1000 109 1042 Kurzweil 1016

    CEOLucie Salhany eGain LifeFX

    http://taiwan.cnet.com/enterprise/technology/0,2000062852,20002709,00.htm 23 SingularityKurzweil

    infinityevent horizon

    34 42 http://udndata.com/sc/story_c1.html

    Kurzweil Moore's lawResponse to The Singularity Is Always Near. http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html? main=memelist.html?m=1%23664

  • Raymond Kurzweil 27

    Kurzweil

    Kurzweil

    21 return

    IT 24

    Kurzweil

    24 http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/special/0,2000064597,20097084,00.htm

  • 28 (11)

    Kurzweil nanobots 250 8 10 10 25

    Kurzweil 26 20

    20 80

    20

    DNA

    2004 12 Kurzweil Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence 25 http://www.wired.com/news/medtech/0,1286,66585,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_3 26 http://www.forbeschina.com/index.asp?INCName=

    MDArticleContent&TopicTypeID= 46&Article ID=1259

  • Raymond Kurzweil 29

    Kurzweil

    Kurzweil 2012

    2020

    Kurzweil 1999 8 3 Business Week27

    123 2019 1000 2030 1000 1000 2050 Kurzweil wetware 10 1

    ATR Garis

    Sussesc Inman Harvey

    Kurzweil 2025

    2030

    27 http://mychannel.pchome.com.tw/channel/class/show_preview.php3

    /?d=2001-05-28& enname=asian888&t=.htm&fn=main&view=1

  • 30 (11)

    Kurzweil 2099

    (download)(backup)28

    Kurzweil Google

    Kurzweil Terry Grossman 2004 10

    21 2025

    28 http://www.phy.ncu.edu.tw/dcc/History/r1BrainComputer.htm

  • Raymond Kurzweil 31

    2030 250

    Kurzweil 29

    Ray Kurzweil 250

    Kurzweil

    Kurzweil

    Terry Grossman Kurzweil 56

    Kurzweil

    DNA A G C T

    Kurzweil Kurzweil Kurzweil 29 http://www.bioon.com/biology/news/200412/86669.html

  • 32 (11)

    Kurzweil 21 20

    15 20

    Kurzweil Kurzweil 35

    Kurzweil

    40

    10% 30%Kurzweil

    40

    Kurzweil

    Stevie Wonder

  • Raymond Kurzweil 33

    Raj Reddy Ray Kurzweil

    452 900 2,000 Grossman

    Kurzweil

    A C E

    ?

    Joseph Zibrak Kurzweil Grossman Kurzweil

    Kurzweil Grossman

    S. Jay Olshansky

    Olshansky Johns Hopkins E Olshansky

  • 34 (11)

    Ray Terry Kurzweil Kurzweil Grossman

    Ray & Terry 's Total Daily Care Kurzweil 50 6 1.25

    Kurzweil 250

    Kurzweil

    CCD 1999

    Michael Shermer30

    1980

    120

    30 http://www.sciam.com.tw/circus/circusshow.asp?FDocNo=724&CL=23

    2005 8

  • Raymond Kurzweil 35

    Kurzweil

    Kurzweil 21 31(Genetics revolution) RNA (RNA interference)

    2020 Nanotechnology revolution 10 Kurzweil 1 2

    DNA

    Kurzweil (Robotics revolution)

    31 http://www.epochtimes.com.hk/5/10/21/10554.htm

  • 36 (11)

    Kurzweil

    Kurzweil 2040 10

    Kurzweil

    www.kurzweiltech.com/

    Kurzweil http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?m=10

    Kurzweil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil

    http://www.kurzweilcyberart.com/

    Kurzweil AARON

    http://www.kurzweilai.net/ 500

    http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010110691 Kurzweil