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Air Quality: Potential Impacts of Shale Development in OhioKevin Crist, PhDDirector & Professor, Center for Air QualityDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringRuss College of Engineering and Technology

06/04/2013

RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Shale Potential in Ohio

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Source: ODNR Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management

** USEPA, Region 5 Final Designations, April 2012, www.epa.gov

RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY3

Fracking Emission Sources

1. Diesel & Water Tanker Trucks (Off-road)

2. Diesel engine powered drilling and generator trucks (Off-road)

3. Well-head compressors, pumps, generators and heaters

4. • Diesel engine powered drill rigs & fracing pumps

• Blowdown & completion venting

( major source CH4)

5. Flaring6. Flowback fluids storage pits7. Condensate & Oil tanks8. Compressor stations, gas plants,

heaters and dehydrators9. Fugitive emissions from transmission

pipelines10.Gas & oil processing facility

1 2

3

45

6

7 89

10

Groundwater table

NOx, VOCs, PM, SO2, CO2, CO

Venting VOCs including CH4, H2S

NOx, VOCs, PM, SO2, CO2, CO

Evaporative VOCs including CH4

Fugitive VOCs including CH4

NOx, VOCs, PM, SO2, CO2, CO

NOx, VOCs, PM, SO2, CO2, CO

RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Experience from Other Regions: Ozone

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Episode average difference in daily max 8-hour O3

Episode maximum difference in daily max 8-hour O3

Low Scenario

High Scenario

High Scenario

Low Scenario

Source: S. Kemball-Cook, A. Bar-Ilan, J. Grant, L. Parker, J. Jung, W. Santamaria, J. Matthews, & G. Yarwood, Ozone impacts of natural gas development in Haynesville shale, Environmental Science & Technology (2010)

Ozone chemistry in atmosphere

RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Experience from Other Regions: Criteria Pollutants

5

90%

10%

NOx

Source Categories in Barnett Shale

*Al Armendriaz, Emissions of natural gas production in the Barnett shale area and opportunities for cost-effective improvements, (2009)

** ENVIRON, Development of emissions inventories for natural gas exploration and production activity in the Haynesville shale, (2009)

NOx VOC HAPs CO0

20

40

60

80

100Total Emissions of Criteria

Pollutants

Barnett, Texas *

Haynesville, Texas **

tons

/da

y

15% 19%

21%17%

10%

18%

VOC

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Experience from Other Regions: Greenhouse Gases

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40%

14%18%3

%

25%

CO2e

Total = 22375 tons/day

Barnett Shale (Armendriaz 2009 *)

Fugitive Methane emissions (Howarth et al., 2011 **)

3.8

0.600000000000002

2.8

Total Fugitive CO2e 7.2 gC/MJ (Low)

*Al Armendriaz, Emissions of natural gas production in the Barnett shale area and opportunities for cost-effective improvements, (2009)

** R.W. Howarth,R. Santoro, A. Ingraffea, Methane and greenhouse gases footprint of natural gas from shale formations, Climate Change (2011)

3.6 – 7.9% fugitive of total production

3.8

3.80.520.3800000000

00001

7.2

Total Fugitive CO2e 15.7 gC/MJ (High)

RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Greenhouse Gases: Ohio Status

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TX CA PA OH FL IL IN0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

4.5%

% C

ontr

ibuti

on to

Tot

al C

O2 i

n U

.S.

268

MM

TCO

2

Residential: 6th Residential: 6th

Industrial: 6th Industrial: 6th Commercial: 7th Commercial: 7th

Total CO2 Emissions: 4th Total CO2 Emissions: 4th

Electric Power: 2th Electric Power: 2th

Transportation: 7th Transportation: 7th

677

MM

TCO

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Source: Energy Information Administration (2009)

Thank You