1. all living things are made of _____________. 2. cells are the basic unit of structure &...
TRANSCRIPT
1. All living things are made of _____________.2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism
(= basic unit of __________)3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells
CELL THEORY CELL SIZE
___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________
Cells
lifeexisting
PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ & NON-POLAR tails facing ________
CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)
Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________
MEMBRANE PROTEINS•____________________- stick on inside or outside surface•____________________- go part way or all the way through• _________________ - recognize “self” • _______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane
Membranes are _________________________________(=Semi-permeable) Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others
out ___________ what enters & leaves cell
Helps with _________________
__________________ = gel-like material + organelles between nucleus and cell membrane
GLYCOPROTEINS
phospholipids proteins
BILAYER outin
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
cytoplasm
CONTROLS
FUNCTION:
HOMEOSTASIS
TRANSPORT
PERIPHERALINTEGRAL
NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUSSurrounded by ______________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________ ___________ CENTER OF CELL Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & outCONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA)
DNA is scrunched up as ______________ in dividing cells.DNA is spread out as ________________ in non-dividing cells.
ENVELOPE
PORESCONTROL
DNA
RIBOSOMES
CHROMOSOMES
CHROMATIN
DOUBLE
CYTOSKELETONMade of PROTEINS called______________ & _________________
FUNCTION: ____________________________________________________________
MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS
Helps cell maintain shape; Support; Helps in movement
CENTRIOLESMICROTUBULES
ANIMAL
Made of __________________________
Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division
Function:__________________________________Pull chromosomes apart;
MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA) Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________ _______________ of cell Burns ____________ Stores energy released as ______
Folded inner membrane = _________________ (increases surface area for more chemical reactions)
DOUBLE
DNAPower plant
GLUCOSEATP
CRISTAE
RIBOSOMESCan be __________________ or __________ to Rough ER
MADE OF ______________ & ________
FUNCTION: _____________________
FREE in cytoplasm ATTACHED
PROTEINS RNA
MAKE PROTEINS
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER (with ribosomes) (no ribosomes)
Internal Network of ___________________ Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________ which are modified and transported to Golgi for export
Smooth ER:
Makes membrane lipids (__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles
Breaks down _________________ in liver
PROTEINS
STEROIDS
CALCIUM
TOXINS
MEMBRANES
GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)Looks like a “______________________”Made of ______________________
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances from ER for ______________ or_______________ out of cell
stack of pancakesmembranes
exportstorage
LYSOSOMES
Sac containing _________________________
FUNCTION: Digests __________________________________
Plays a role in ____________“Programmed cell death”Cell suicide for the good of the organism
Digestive enzymes
food molecules & unwanted cells/cell parts;
APOPTOSIS
CILIA & FLAGELLAMade of PROTEINS called _______________organized in a _________ arrangement that help with ___________________
CILIA =________ & __________
FUNCTION: ______________________
________________________________
FLAGELLA =______ & ________
FUNCTION: _________________
MICROTUBULES
9 + 2MOVEMENT
MANY SHORT
move cells; move substances past cells
FEW LONG
Move cells
CELL WALLFound OUTSIDE the ____________________Provides ____________ & ________________
___________________ makes plant cells sturdy Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________ instead.
Cell membrane
SUPPORT PROTECTION
CELLULOSE
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
VACUOLESStorage space for: _______________Proteins, carbohydrates,
water, waste
Huge in __________cells , small in _____________ cells,Not in _________________
plantanimalbacteria
CHLOROPLASTSurrounded by ____________ membrane Has own ________ _____________ =membrane sacs inside
Contain CHLOROPHYLL where _______________________ happens
FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
DOUBLE
DNATHYLAKOIDS
PLANT
DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA
Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall Cell wall made of
CELLULOSE
Cell wall made ofPEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes
Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts
SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST