What is the most basic unit of living organism?

CELL

ALL organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.

All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

Cell division allows for all living things to make more cells.

Making more cells can help in body repair itself, allow an organism to grow, develop, and even reproduce.

Cells DO NOT work if they are too big or too small – they need to be JUST THE RIGHT SIZE

Once cells reach a certain size, they must divide in order to continue to function

Cell Cycle = sequence of growth and division of cell

1. Interphase2. Cell Division

▪ A. Mitosis▪ B. Cytokinesis

Which part of the cell cycle is the longest?

Interphase

What are the different phases to this part of the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2

DNA: Our genetic material (ex: color of hair) Chromatin: loose DNA, looks like pasta Chromosome: chromatids condensed together

which carry genetic information and begin to form cell structures.

Sister Chromatid: Identical halves of the original cell (parent cell)

Centromere: Holds sister chromatids together; plays a role in chromosome movement during mitosis

Spindle Fibers: Cell structures that pulls apart sister chromatids

Is a process in which body (somatic) cells divide to create new ones.

You will work with a partner (person sitting next to you)

I NEED TO SEE TWO DIFFERENT HANDWRITING ON EACH POSTER!!!

RULE: Both partners’ hands must be on the poster at all times. PENALTY: -1 point every time one of the partner has their hand off the poster

1. Label and divide your poster like the diagram

2. Use pages 204-2093. Include a drawing of how

chromosomes look in each PHASE OF MITOSIS ONLY

4. Follow the directions carefully on your direction sheet

1.Interphase OR Cell

Cycle

2. Prophase

3. Metaphase

4. Anaphase 5. Telophase 6. Cytokinesis

DNA in the nucleus condenses/compacted and forms chromosomes. Each chromosome is copied (doubled).

2n nucleus

DNA

Chromosomes

Interphase has 3 main parts:

G1 – Cells grow and makes proteins

S – Chromosomes containing DNA are replicated (copied)

G2 – Cell prepares for division

During this stage the chromosomes copies come together(sister chromatids),so that equal amounts of genetic information get transferred to the new cell, and the nuclear membrane disappears .

During this stage, chromosomes line-up in the middle and prepare to split equally

Spindle Fibers Attach to the chromosomes in this stage

At this stage, chromosomes are split by spindle fibers and move away to opposite sides of the cell.

Chromosomes approach the opposite ends of the cell and group together.

New nuclear membranes form and two identical cells are made. Cells are DIPLOID (2n)

DIPLOID: Contains 100% of the original DNA.

2n 2n

PPurple urple MMonkeys onkeys AAttacking ttacking TTokyookyo

P = PrepareM = MiddleA = Away

T = Hand motion

Division of the cytoplasm

Cleavage (pinch) Cell Plate (New Wall)in animal cell in plant cell

Is a growth that happens because of uncontrolled cell division. These changes are caused because of damage to genes in DNA. Cancer can be both genetic, or caused by the environment.