1 april 2008 needs for and experiences with technologies for adaptation to climate change iulian...

1April 2008

Needs for and experiences with Needs for and experiences with technologies for adaptation to technologies for adaptation to

climate changeclimate change

Iulian Florin VladuIulian Florin Vladu

Technology Sub-programmeTechnology Sub-programme

Adaptation, Technology and Science Adaptation, Technology and Science

ProgrammeProgramme

UNFCCCUNFCCC

Bangkok, Thailand

Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme

2

This presentation will cover:This presentation will cover:

Technology framework and its thematic area on Technology framework and its thematic area on technology needs and needs assessmenttechnology needs and needs assessment

TNAs – definition and purpose. Priority needs for TNAs – definition and purpose. Priority needs for technologies for adaptation of non-Annex I Partiestechnologies for adaptation of non-Annex I Parties

Synthesis of technologies for adaptationSynthesis of technologies for adaptation

Issues for considerationIssues for consideration


3

Mechanisms (EGTT )

Capacity -building

Enabling environments

Technology needs and needsassessments

COP and subsidiary bodies

Second periodConsultative process

Third periodImplementation ofthe technology framework

UNC

ED R

iode

Jan

eiro

1Berlin

2Geneva

3Ky oto

UNF

CCC

ent

ers

into

forc

e

4Buenos Aires

5Bonn

6 I & IIThe Hagueand Bonn

7Marrakesh

8New Delhi

9Milan

10Buenos Aires

11Montreal

12

First periodVarious issues

Technology information

Projects inventory, financing, networks of centres,adaptation technologies

Bue

nos

Aire

s Pl

an o

f Act

ions

Tech

nolo

gy fr

amew

ork

EGTT

reco

mm

enda

tions

for

enha

ncin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e fr

amew

ork

Rev

iew

of E

GTT

Regional workshops in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Ber

lin m

anda

te

Millennium declaration

Johannesburg Plan of Action

FAR SAR TAR AR4

SR

on

MT

I TT

IPCC

Ky oto Protocol signed

Development and transfer of technologies

Programme for further implementation of Agenda 21

CSD

2008 2010 2012 2030

Innovative financing

Technologies for adaptation

13 14 15 16 17 18

2006

Gui

delin

es

SR

on

CC

S

Fourth periodEnhancing the implementation ofthe technology framework

Processe s initiated at COP 11

First commitment periodKy oto Protocol enters

into force

Dialogue on long- term cooperative actions

Maintain the same themes

UNFCCC proce ss

???

Other possible approaches?

Ad-Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol

SBSTA mit igation w orkshops and f ive-year work programme on adaptation

MOP 1

Mechanisms (EGTT )

Capacity -building

Enabling environments

Technology needs and needsassessments

COP and subsidiary bodies

Second periodConsultative process

Third periodImplementation ofthe technology framework

UNC

ED R

iode

Jan

eiro

1Berlin

2Geneva

3Ky oto

UNF

CCC

ent

ers

into

forc

e

4Buenos Aires

5Bonn

6 I & IIThe Hagueand Bonn

7Marrakesh

8New Delhi

9Milan

10Buenos Aires

11Montreal

12

First periodVarious issues

Technology information

Projects inventory, financing, networks of centres,adaptation technologies

Bue

nos

Aire

s Pl

an o

f Act

ions

Tech

nolo

gy fr

amew

ork

EGTT

reco

mm

enda

tions

for

enha

ncin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e fr

amew

ork

Rev

iew

of E

GTT

Regional workshops in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Ber

lin m

anda

te

Millennium declaration

Johannesburg Plan of Action

FAR SAR TAR AR4

SR

on

MT

I TT

IPCC

Ky oto Protocol signed

Development and transfer of technologies

Programme for further implementation of Agenda 21

CSD

2008 2010 2012 2030

Innovative financing

Technologies for adaptation

13 14 15 16 17 18

2006

Gui

delin

es

SR

on

CC

S

Fourth periodEnhancing the implementation ofthe technology framework

Processe s initiated at COP 11

First commitment periodKy oto Protocol enters

into force

Dialogue on long- term cooperative actions

Maintain the same themes

UNFCCC proce ss

???

Other possible approaches?

Ad-Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol

SBSTA mit igation w orkshops and f ive-year work programme on adaptation

MOP 1

Major milestones for the technology processMajor milestones for the technology process


4

Stage R&D Demonstration

Government support for deployment Competitive with incentives Competitive without incentives

Later Soon Tomorrow

Long-term Mid-term

Technology development cycle

Tech

nolo

gy

Now

Deployment

Near-term

Phase DemonstrationResearchMature market technologies

Availability

Type of barriers Technical, economic

Instruments

ChoicesXm FCVs by 2025 (5m in California and New York)

Create 3500 Sleipners (CCS and CDM)

Add 100X current US or Brazilian ethanol production

Add 2m 1-MW peakwindmills

Increase fuel economy for 2 billion cars from 30 to 60 mpg

Polic

y

Market, economic, socialEconomic, technical, social

Push instruments Pull instruments

Public funds

Private funds

Types

The finacingcontinuuum

Inve

stm

ent

Sources

Integrated vision Integrated vision || Technology, policy and Technology, policy and investmentinvestment

Private

Subsidies and grants

Governments contracts & specialized programs

Concessional loans & seed capital

Entrepreneur’s equity

Supplier credits & Build-Own-Transfer

Corporate finance & project finance

Third party financing

Investment insurance & guarantees

Bank loans

Public

CCS in power sector (CCS advanced steam cycle with oxyfueling, CCS-IGCC), hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, ocean energy and fusion

Biodiesel, concentrating solar power, IGCC, fuel cells, CCS advanced steam cycle with flue-gas separation Public Private Partnerships

PP

P

Energy‑efficiency (e.g. vehicle fuel economy improvements, motor and steam systems, buildings and appliances), renewable energy and reducing gas flaring

Publicly funded R&D, R&D tax credits

- Economic incentives (e.g. adoption subsidies, direct public sector investments and carbon markets)- Market creation and transformation- Regulatory approaches (e.g. emission taxes, renewable portfolio standards)- Legislative frameworks, and codes, labels and standards (technology, performance)

- Identify technology needs - Enhance access to technology information- Improve technology absorption capacity- Assess technologies for adaptation- Collaborative R&D- Endogenous technologies

- Enabling environments for technology transfer

-Options for innovative financing of technology transfer - private financing advisory network - EU - GEEREF - new multilateral technology cooperation fund


5

TNAs TNAs | | What are they?What are they?

The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a set of set of country-driven activitiescountry-driven activities that identify and that identify and determine the mitigation and adaptation technology determine the mitigation and adaptation technology prioritiespriorities of Parties,…, particularly developing country of Parties,…, particularly developing country PartiesParties

They involve different They involve different stakeholders in a consultative stakeholders in a consultative processprocess to identify the barriers to technology transfer to identify the barriers to technology transfer and measures to address these barriers through and measures to address these barriers through sectoral analyses sectoral analyses

These activities may address soft and hard These activities may address soft and hard technologies, such as mitigation and adaptation technologies, such as mitigation and adaptation technologies, identify technologies, identify regulatory options and develop regulatory options and develop fiscal and financial incentives and capacity buildingfiscal and financial incentives and capacity building


6

TNAs TNAs | | What are they?What are they?

The The purposepurpose of TNAs is to assist in identifying and of TNAs is to assist in identifying and analysing priority technology needs, which can form analysing priority technology needs, which can form the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and programmesprogrammes which can facilitate the transfer of, and which can facilitate the transfer of, and access to, the ESTs and know-how in the access to, the ESTs and know-how in the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the ConventionConvention

TNAs are central to the work on technology transfer. TNAs are central to the work on technology transfer.

They follow a country-driven approach, bringing They follow a country-driven approach, bringing together stakeholders to identify needs and develop together stakeholders to identify needs and develop plans to meet those needsplans to meet those needs


7

TNAs TNAs | | Support, methodology and guidanceSupport, methodology and guidance

GEF has provided funding to 94 non-Annex I Parties to conduct GEF has provided funding to 94 non-Annex I Parties to conduct TNAs through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority TNAs through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority areas – enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”). 80 areas – enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”). 80 are being supported by UNDP and 14 by the UNEP. Some 34 TNA are being supported by UNDP and 14 by the UNEP. Some 34 TNA reports are availablereports are available

1 expert meeting to identify methodologies to conduct TNAs 1 expert meeting to identify methodologies to conduct TNAs UNDP developed a simplified, user-friendly handbook on UNDP developed a simplified, user-friendly handbook on Conducting TNAs for climate change The TNA handbook, Conducting TNAs for climate change The TNA handbook, produced in collaboration with CTI, the EGTT and the secretariat, produced in collaboration with CTI, the EGTT and the secretariat, was made available to Parties in 2004was made available to Parties in 2004

CTI, in collaboration with UNDP, organized 3 regional workshops CTI, in collaboration with UNDP, organized 3 regional workshops to field-test and further develop the TNA handbook, to discuss to field-test and further develop the TNA handbook, to discuss regional concerns and priorities in assessing technology needs regional concerns and priorities in assessing technology needs and to further assist Parties in conducting TNAsand to further assist Parties in conducting TNAs


8

MitigationMitigation AdaptationAdaptation

Activity 2: Identify technology criteria for assessment

Activity 3: Prioritize sectors and select key technology(ies)

Activity 4: Identify barriers and policy needs*

Activity 6: Prepare a synthesis report

Review GHG inventory for

mitigation potential

Identify key sectors and characteristics

Review national plans in identified

sectors

Review available vulnerability studies

Identify vulnerable sectors

Review national plans in vulnerable

sectors

Review technology options and resources

Prepare list of sectors with

mitigation potential

Develop criteria to apply to vulnerable

sectors

Compile a list of prioritized mitigation technologies and

key sectors

Prioritize vulnerable sectors

Identify characteristics of prioritized sectors

Compile responses to address

vulnerability

Activity 5: Define and select options

Conduct environ-mental technology impact assessment

Assess capacity to use mitigation technologies

Conduct environ-mental technology impact assessment

Assess capacity to use adaptation technologies

Implementation actions

Rank and select prioritized mitigation technologies and

key sectors

Identify practical options for priority

sectors

Identify responses and technologies

Rank and prioritize applicable

technologies

Assess adequacy of financial resources Ensure transparency Identify potential

synergiesIdentify ways to reduce

barriersContinue stakeholder

involvementRevise plans as

needed

Activity 1: Prepare a preliminary overview of the sectorsCross-cutting issues

(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)

Full report (including a description of the stakeholder process adopted, an evaluation of sectoral needs and opportunities…, a statement of data gaps, project concepts/proposals, potential sources of funding)Summary report in NC

Input from NC, NAPAs, national development plans

Output to NC, NAPAs national development plans

Communicate TNA findings


9

TNAs TNAs | | What are the priority technology needs?What are the priority technology needs?

Synthesis of technology needs assessments (TNAs) – Synthesis of technology needs assessments (TNAs) – FCCC/SBSTA/2006/INF.1:FCCC/SBSTA/2006/INF.1: Highlights priority technology needs to reduce greenhouse Highlights priority technology needs to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions and facilitate adaptation to the adverse gas emissions and facilitate adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change based on information contained in impacts of climate change based on information contained in 23 TNAs and 25 initial national communications submitted by 23 TNAs and 25 initial national communications submitted by non-Annex I Partiesnon-Annex I Parties

Draws attention to specific barriers to technology transfer and Draws attention to specific barriers to technology transfer and suggests measures to address them, including through suggests measures to address them, including through capacity-buildingcapacity-building

Highlights ways used to involve stakeholders in a Highlights ways used to involve stakeholders in a consultative process to conduct TNAs, including the consultative process to conduct TNAs, including the methodologies and criteria used to prioritize technology methodologies and criteria used to prioritize technology needsneeds


10

TNAs TNAs | | How representative are their resultsHow representative are their results??

Figure 2. Main activities for conducting a TNA for mitigation technologies

Note: Similar activities are carried out for a TNA of adaptation, but the tasks differ. Source: TNA handbook.

Table 4. An overview of the TNA process

Country

Sele

ct ta

rget

are

a

Con

duct

initi

al re

view

Set c

riter

ia

Sele

ct k

ey s

ecto

rs

Prio

ritiz

e te

chno

logi

es

Iden

tify

barr

iers

Iden

tify

mea

sure

s

Iden

tify

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g ne

eds

Des

crib

e st

akeh

olde

r pa

rtic

ipat

ion

Iden

tify

next

ste

ps

Proj

ect p

ropo

sal

Tota

la Pe

r cen

t

Albania 8 80 Azerbaijan 9 90 Bolivia 9 90 Burundi 8 80 Chile 7 70 China 9 90 Congo DR 7 70 Dominican Republic

6 60

Ecuador 8 80 Georgia 6 60 Ghana 10 100 Haiti 8 80 Indonesia 10 100 Kenya 10 100 Lesotho 9 90 Malawi 9 90 Mauritius 9 90 Moldova 4 40 Niue 9 90 Paraguay 8 80 Tajikistan 9 90 Viet Nam 8 80 Zimbabwe 7 70

Total 23 23 19 23 20 21 18 12 16 11 12 % 100 100 83 100 87 91 78 52 70 48 52


11

TNAs - how priorities were selected? TNAs - how priorities were selected? || How they relate to national development objectivesHow they relate to national development objectives??

Development benefits Climate change

Market Environmental protection

Country

Empl

oym

ent g

ener

atio

n

Wea

lth c

reat

ion

Util

izat

ion

of lo

cal r

esou

rces

Rat

iona

l util

izat

ion

of re

sour

ces

Impr

ovem

ent i

n he

alth

and

qua

lity

of li

fe

Food

sec

urity

Cap

acity

-bui

ldin

g

Envi

ronm

enta

l sus

tain

abili

ty

Gen

der e

qual

ity

Soci

o-ec

onom

ic im

port

ance

GH

G re

duct

ion

pote

ntia

l

Pres

erve

sin

ks

Pote

ntia

l for

ada

ptat

ion

Inve

stm

ent c

osts

Mai

nten

ance

cos

ts

Life

tim

e of

the

inv.

Poss

ibili

ties

for r

eplic

atio

n

Soci

al a

ccep

tanc

e

Min

imum

impa

ct o

n th

e en

viro

nmen

t

Pollu

tion

redu

ctio

n

Rec

over

y of

wat

er re

sour

ces

Pote

ntia

l for

reus

e an

d re

cycl

e To

tal

Per c

ent

Albania 12 54.5 Azerbaijan 6 27.3 Bolivia 1 4.5 Burundi 7 31.8 Chile 2 9.1 China 9 40.9 Congo DR 13 59.1 Dominican Republic 6 27.3 Ecuador 1 4.5 Georgia 3 15.8 Ghana 8 42.1 Haiti 3 15.8 Indonesia 7 36.8 Kenya 5 26.3 Lesotho 6 31.6 Malawi 7 36.8 Mauritius 5 26.3 Moldova 4 21.1 Niue 4 21.1 Paraguay 2 10.5 Tajikistan 6 31.6 Viet Nam 6 31.6 Zimbabwe 5 26.3

Total 8 2 14 14 1 0 1 1 1 16 21 1 1 16 1 3 3 9 13 2 0 0 % 34.8 8.7 60.9 60.9 4.3 0.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 69.6 91.3 4.3 4.3 69.6 4.3 13.0 13.0 39.1 56.5 8.7 0.0 0.0


12

TNAs TNAs || What are commonly identified mitigation What are commonly identified mitigation technologies in TNAs?technologies in TNAs?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

RE

T

CH

P (c

ogen

erat

ion)

DS

M

GTC

C

Uns

peci

fied

pow

er g

ener

atio

n

CT

Coa

l

Lega

cy im

prov

emen

ts

Adv

ance

d fo

ssil

fuel

Oth

er

Ene

rgy

effic

ient

app

lianc

es

Gre

en b

uild

ings

mat

eria

ls &

des

ign

Oth

er

Dis

tric

t hea

ting

Mis

cella

neou

s

Indu

stria

l ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y

Boi

lers

Mis

cella

neou

s in

dust

ries

Cem

ent P

rodu

ctio

n

Hig

h ef

ficie

ncy

mot

ors

Ste

el in

dust

ry

Furn

aces

Bre

ad m

akin

g in

dust

ry

Oth

ers

Min

ing

Fuel

sw

itchi

ng

Alu

min

ium

indu

stry

Veh

icle

s

Man

agem

ent &

pol

icy

impr

ovem

ents

Faci

litie

s

Uns

peci

fied

publ

ic tr

ansp

ort

Frei

ght

Fore

stry

Cro

p m

anag

emen

t

Oth

er

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

[%]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

# of

tech

nolo

gies

iden

tifie

d

Gen

erat

ion

- 9

1.7%

Bu

ild

ing

s &

re

sid

enti

al -

87.

5%

Tra

nsm

issi

on

- 2

5%

Energy - 91.7% of Parties Industry - 79.2% Transport - 50%

Ag

ricu

ltu

re &

fo

rest

ry -

33.

3%

Was

te m

anag

emen

t -

29.2

%

Oth

er -

4.2

%


13

TNAs TNAs || What are commonly identified adaptation What are commonly identified adaptation technologies in TNAs?technologies in TNAs?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Cro

p m

anag

emen

t

Irrig

atio

n

Land

man

agem

ent

Live

stoc

k

Fore

stry

Impr

oved

dra

inag

e

Pest

man

agem

ent

Food

pro

cess

ing

Oth

er (s

oft)

Fish

ery

Oth

er

Impr

oved

dra

inag

e

Emer

genc

y pl

anni

ng

Ris

e la

nd a

nd h

ouse

s

Har

d st

ruct

ural

opt

ions

Indi

geno

us o

ptio

ns

Oth

er

Soft

str

uctu

ral o

ptio

ns

Vario

us re

trea

t

Wat

er re

cycl

ing

and

cons

erva

tion

Wat

er tr

ansf

ers

Oth

er

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g

Wat

er/fo

od-b

orne

dis

ease

s

Vect

or-b

orne

dis

ease

s

Oth

er

Hig

h w

ater

ext

rem

es

Syst

emat

ic o

bser

vatio

n an

d m

onito

ring

Nat

ural

dis

aste

rs

Tour

ism

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Per c

ent o

f Par

ies

[%]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

# of

tech

nolo

gies

iden

tifie

d

Acc

om

od

ate

- 37

.5%

Agriculture & fishery - 62.5% of Parties Coastal zone - 41.7% Water - 37.5% Health - 25%

Pro

tect

- 2

0.8%

Ret

reat

- 1

6.7%


14

TNAs TNAs || What are commonly identified technologies to What are commonly identified technologies to address sea-level rise?address sea-level rise?

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Dik

es, l

evee

s, fl

oodw

ays,

floo

dwal

ls

Bul

khea

ds, s

eaw

alls

, rev

ertm

ents

Gro

ynes

Gab

ions

Cre

atio

n of

em

bank

men

ts

Stor

m s

urge

bar

rier

s

Floo

ding

and

sto

rm d

rain

s

Peri

odic

bea

ch n

ouri

shm

ent

Bui

ldin

g-w

ith-n

atur

e te

chni

ques

Stim

ulat

e gr

owth

of c

oral

ree

fs n

atur

ally

or

artif

icia

lly

Han

d-pl

aced

roc

k se

a w

alls

(sto

ne w

alls

)

Man

grov

e pl

anta

tions

Oth

er

Coa

stal

zon

e la

bora

tory

Impr

oved

dra

inag

e

Earl

y-w

arni

ng s

yste

ms

Rai

sed

hous

es a

nd la

nd

Des

alin

atio

n pl

ants

Coa

stal

zon

e m

onito

ring

Oth

er

Rep

lace

men

t Cas

emen

ts

Oth

er

Prev

entin

g de

velo

pmen

t in

area

s ne

ar c

oast

Con

ditio

nal p

hase

d-ou

t dev

elop

men

t

Per

cen

t of c

oast

al z

one

tech

nolo

gies

iden

tifie

d [%

]

Protect Accomodate Retreat

Har

d -

27.

5%

So

ft -

12.

5%

Ind

igen

eou

s -

7.5%

Oth

er -

7.5

%


15

TNAs TNAs || What are main barriers to technology transfer What are main barriers to technology transfer identified by country?identified by country?


16

TNAs TNAs || What are main measures to address barriers What are main measures to address barriers

to technology transfer?to technology transfer? Table 10. Type of measures identified

by country

Country Ec

onom

ic /

mar

ket

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Polic

y R

egul

ator

y In

stitu

tiona

l H

uman

Te

chni

cal

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Oth

ers

Tota

l

Per c

ent

Albania 5 56 Azerbaijan 5 56 Bolivia 7 78 Burundi 6 67 Chile 1 11 China 8 89 Congo DR 7 78 Dominican Republic

0 0

Ecuador 5 56 Georgia 8 89 Ghana 0 0 Haiti 4 44 Indonesia 6 67 Kenya 6 67 Lesotho 4 44 Malawi 9 100 Mauritius 5 56 Moldova 6 67 Niue 2 22 Paraguay 0 0 Tajikistan 7 78 Viet Nam 8 89 Zimbabwe 7 78

Total 16 16 16 18 13 11 13 6 7 Percent 70 70 70 78 57 48 57 26 30

Figure 13. Common measures identified to address barriers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Reg

ulat

ory

Polic

y

Info

rmat

ion

/

awar

enes

s

Eco

nom

ic /

mar

ket

Tec

hni

cal

Inst

itut

ion

al

Hum

an

Oth

ers

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Per

cen

t of P

artie

s[%

]


17

TNAs TNAs || What are main capacity-building needs?What are main capacity-building needs? Table 11. Type of capacity-building

needs identified by country

Country Ec

onom

ic /

mar

ket

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Polic

y / p

rogr

amm

e R

egul

ator

y In

stitu

tiona

l /

orga

niza

tiona

l H

uman

Tech

nica

l In

fras

truc

ture

O

ther

s To

tal

Per c

ent

Albania 0 0 Azerbaijan 6 67 Bolivia 4 44 Burundi 3 33 Chile 1 11 China 0 0 Congo DR 3 33 Dominican Republic 2 22 Ecuador 4 44 Georgia 0 0 Ghana 8 89 Haiti 2 22 Indonesia 2 22 Kenya 6 67 Lesotho 3 33 Malawi 7 78 Mauritius 3 33 Moldova 0 0 Niue 1 11 Paraguay 1 11 Tajikistan 8 89 Viet Nam 8 89 Zimbabwe 5 56

Total 7 14 9 7 10 16 8 3 3 Percent 30 61 39 30 43 70 35 13 13

Figure 14. Common capacity-building needs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hum

an

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Inst

itut

iona

l /or

gan

iztio

nal

Polic

y / p

rogr

amm

e

Tech

nica

l

Econ

omic

/ m

arke

t

Reg

ulat

ory

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Oth

ers

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

[%]


18

TNAs synthesis report TNAs synthesis report || key findingskey findings

The The TNA is an effective toolTNA is an effective tool for decision makers and for decision makers and international institutions that may be involved in the international institutions that may be involved in the facilitation of the technology transfer process. The facilitation of the technology transfer process. The TNA process not only helps identify specific TNA process not only helps identify specific technology needs, but also points out the direction in technology needs, but also points out the direction in which future policies and regulations will need to which future policies and regulations will need to progressprogress

The The main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that conducted themconducted them, as these reports provide a good basis , as these reports provide a good basis for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer of climate friendly technologies.of climate friendly technologies.


19

Synthesis of technologies for adaptation under Synthesis of technologies for adaptation under the NWP the NWP || ApproachApproach

Synthesis report on technologies for adaptation Synthesis report on technologies for adaptation identified in the submissions from Parties and relevant identified in the submissions from Parties and relevant organizationsorganizations Mandated by SBSTA25Mandated by SBSTA25

Submissions prepared based on a structure provided by the Submissions prepared based on a structure provided by the secretariatsecretariat

Part of submissions provided on adaptation approaches, Part of submissions provided on adaptation approaches, strategies, practices and technologies for adaptation at the strategies, practices and technologies for adaptation at the regional, national and local levels in different sectors, as well regional, national and local levels in different sectors, as well as on experiences, needs and concernsas on experiences, needs and concerns

Serve as an input to the NWP and to the work of the EGTT on Serve as an input to the NWP and to the work of the EGTT on analysing and identifying ways to facilitate and advance analysing and identifying ways to facilitate and advance technology transfer activities, including those identified in the technology transfer activities, including those identified in the technology transfer frameworktechnology transfer framework


20

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || National circumstances`and National circumstances`and Commonly reported sectors for TACommonly reported sectors for TA

Country or organizationa Group Region Geographical scope Sectors

Reg

iona

l

Nat

iona

l

Loca

l

Agr

icul

ture

and

fis

herie

s

Wat

er re

sour

ces

Coa

stal

zon

es

Hea

lth

Bio

dive

rsity

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Cro

ss-c

uttin

g

Oth

ers

Argentina NAI Latin America and the Caribbean Australia AI Asia and the Pacific Austria AI Europe Bangladesh NAI, LDC Asia and the Pacific Canada AI North America Cuba NAI, LDC, SIDS Latin America and the Caribbean Cyprus AI Europe El Salvador NAI Latin America and the Caribbean France AI Europe Germany AI Europe Japan AI Asia and the Pacific Latvia NAI Europe Malta NAI Europe Mexico NAI North America Netherlands AI Europe New Zealand AI Asia and the Pacific Portugal AI Europe Romania AI Europe South Africa NAI Africa Sweden AI Europe Tajikistan NAI Asia and the Pacific United Kingdom AI Europe United States AI North America Subtotal 3 9 6 14 12 6 2 6 3 7 1 Per cent 13 39 26 61 52 26 9 26 13 30 4 CBD IGO FAO IGO WFP IGO WMO IGO IRI NGO Practical Action NGO Tyndall NGO

Total 7 11 10 17 16 8 2 7 4 8 2 Per cent 23 37 33 57 53 27 7 23 13 27 7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Agric

ultu

re a

ndfis

herie

s

Wat

er re

sour

ces

Coa

stal

zon

es

Cros

s-cu

tting

Biod

iver

sity

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Heal

th

Oth

ers

Subm

issi

ons

(%)

All information

Information under header 'technology '


21

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || Technologies commonly reported Technologies commonly reported by Parties and organizationsby Parties and organizations

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Syst

emat

ic o

bser

vatio

n an

d m

onito

ring

Cro

p m

anag

emen

tLa

nd m

anag

emen

tW

ater

con

serv

atio

nIn

form

atio

n –

com

mun

icat

ion

Live

stoc

kM

odel

ling

Insu

ranc

eEa

rly w

arni

ngW

ater

tran

sfer

sW

ater

har

vest

ing

Wat

er re

cycl

ing

and

cons

erva

tion

Floo

ds -

mod

ellin

gFl

oods

- st

ruct

ures

Fore

cast

ing

Info

rmat

ion

Cap

acity

-bui

ldin

gFl

oods

- m

appi

ng

Map

ping

Wat

er re

sour

ce m

anag

emen

tSy

stem

atic

obs

erva

tion

and

mon

itorin

gC

apac

ity-b

uild

ing

Early

war

ning

Fore

cast

ing

Info

rmat

ion

Insu

ranc

eM

odel

ling

Syst

emat

ic o

bser

vatio

n an

d m

onito

ring

Emer

genc

y re

spon

seIn

form

atio

n - c

omm

unic

atio

n ne

twor

kPl

anni

ngPr

otec

t - h

ard

Prot

ect -

sof

tAc

com

mod

ate

- cod

es a

nd p

ract

ices

Early

war

ning

Prot

ect -

indi

geno

usSy

stem

atic

obs

erva

tion

and

mon

itorin

gM

odel

ling

Uns

peci

fied

Cor

al re

efIn

form

atio

nSy

stem

atic

obs

erva

tion

and

mon

itorin

gW

etla

nd c

onse

rvat

ion

Extre

me

even

tsFo

reca

stin

gO

ther

sSy

stem

atic

obs

erva

tion

and

mon

itorin

gU

nspe

cifie

dU

rban

pla

nnin

gR

oads

, em

bank

men

tsEa

rly w

arni

ngFu

nds

Mod

ellin

g

Nu

mb

er

of t

ech

no

log

ies

re

po

rte

d

Agriculture and fisheries

(34 per cent)

Water resources(24 per cent)

Cross-cutting(18 per cent)

Coastal zones(6 per cent)

Bio

div

ers

ity(5

pe

r ce

nt)

He

alth

(4 p

er

cen

t)

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

(3.6

pe

r ce

nt)

Oth

ers


22

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || Types of technologiesTypes of technologies

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Hard Hard - soft Soft - hard Soft

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Implementation Planning and designingInformation and awareness raising Monitoring and evaluation

Hard technologies, such as Hard technologies, such as drought-resistant crop varieties, drought-resistant crop varieties, seawalls (e.g. in Male Island in the seawalls (e.g. in Male Island in the Maldives) and irrigation Maldives) and irrigation technologies (e.g. new or improved technologies (e.g. new or improved irrigation systems in Portugal)irrigation systems in Portugal)

Soft technologies, such as crop Soft technologies, such as crop rotation patternsrotation patterns

Technologies were for implementation Technologies were for implementation of adaptation actions (e.g., in the of adaptation actions (e.g., in the coastal zone sector such technologies coastal zone sector such technologies aimed to protect against sea level rise aimed to protect against sea level rise (e.g. dykes in the Netherlands and (e.g. dykes in the Netherlands and beach nourishment in Cuba); to retreat beach nourishment in Cuba); to retreat from and limit the potential effects of from and limit the potential effects of sea level rise (e.g. technologies to sea level rise (e.g. technologies to relocate threatened buildings) and to relocate threatened buildings) and to accommodate sea level rise by accommodate sea level rise by increasing the ability of society to increasing the ability of society to cope with the effects (e.g. cope with the effects (e.g. technologies to prepare emergency technologies to prepare emergency plans, and to modify land use and plans, and to modify land use and agricultural practices).agricultural practices).


23

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || Status of implementation and Status of implementation and geographical scopegeographical scope

Ongoing40%

Under implementation

28%

Under development

21%

Under consideration

6%

Completed5%

Status of implementation of Status of implementation of technology related technology related activities reported by activities reported by Parties and organizationsParties and organizations

Local 33%

Regional23%

National37%

Geographical scope of Geographical scope of technologies cited in technologies cited in submissions by Parties submissions by Parties and organizationsand organizations


24

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || Commonly reported concerns and Commonly reported concerns and barriers for deployment of technologies for adaptationbarriers for deployment of technologies for adaptation

Lack of financial resources

30%

Technical limitations

16%

Lack of policy15%

Lack of human capacity

10%

Lack of institutional

capacity3%

Lack of information

Information and awareness

26%


25

NWP synthesis NWP synthesis || Issues for further cosniderationIssues for further cosnideration

What would be the specific policy implications for development, What would be the specific policy implications for development, deployment and diffusion of existing technologies (traditional and deployment and diffusion of existing technologies (traditional and modern) for adaptation within countries, taking into account the modern) for adaptation within countries, taking into account the important role of these technologies?important role of these technologies?

What could be done to develop high and future technologies and make What could be done to develop high and future technologies and make them available to countries highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of them available to countries highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change?climate change?

What criteria, if any, could be taken into account in addition to benefits, What criteria, if any, could be taken into account in addition to benefits, including economic/financial and costs, equity and social/legal including economic/financial and costs, equity and social/legal acceptability, in choosing the adequate technologies for adaptation?acceptability, in choosing the adequate technologies for adaptation?

Submissions highlighted that many activities reported relying on Submissions highlighted that many activities reported relying on existing technologies for coping with climate variability which may existing technologies for coping with climate variability which may also be important as technologies for adaptation to climate change. also be important as technologies for adaptation to climate change. What could be done to promote the development, demonstration and What could be done to promote the development, demonstration and deployment of such technologies for adaptation through national and deployment of such technologies for adaptation through national and international mechanismsinternational mechanisms


26


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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

[email protected]@unfccc.int

1 april 2008 needs for and experiences with technologies for adaptation to climate change iulian...

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