1 bullying prevention school-wide training. welcome introduction of committee
TRANSCRIPT
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Bullying Prevention School-Wide Training
WELCOME
• Introduction of Committee
QUIZ
Remember…
… an incident of bullying from your own school years, grades K-12, were you are bystander, victim, or bully? Describe……
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Who?Who?
What?What?
When?When?
Where?Where?
How? How?
Why?Why?
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
Who…What…When...Who…What…When...Where…How...Why…?Where…How...Why…?
1.1. Who are bullies? Who are victims Who are bullies? Who are victims of bullying?of bullying?
2.2. What are bullying behaviors?What are bullying behaviors?
3.3. When/where does bullying When/where does bullying happen?happen?
4.4. How does bullying affect children How does bullying affect children who are bullied?who are bullied?
5.5. Why does bullying occur?Why does bullying occur?© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2004© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2004
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What is the Olweus What is the Olweus Definition of Bullying?Definition of Bullying?
““A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself.” Olweus et al., 2007
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007Tab 2: Doc 1
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Three Key Components of Three Key Components of Bullying BehaviorBullying Behavior
1. Involves an aggressive behavior
2. Typically involves a pattern of behavior repeated over time
3. Imbalance of power or strength
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Direct BullyingDirect Bullying• Hitting, kicking, shoving, spitting…
• Taunting, name-calling, degrading comments
• Threatening, obscene gestures
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
Indirect Indirect BullyingBullying
• Getting another person to bully someone
• Spreading rumors• Social isolation• Cyber-bullying
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Distinguishing Among…• Bullying• Rough-and-
Tumble Play• Real Fighting
• TG CD #3
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Effects of Being Bullied
• Lower self-esteem• Depression & anxiety• Absenteeism & lowered
school achievement• Thoughts of suicide• Illness
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
Health Consequences of Bullying
(Fekkes et al., 2004)Bullied Not bullied
Headache 16% 6%Sleep problems 42% 23%Abdominal pain 17% 9%Feeling tense 20% 9%Anxiety 28% 10%Feeling unhappy 23% 5%Depression scale
moderate indication 49% 16%strong indication 16% 2%
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200712
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Concerns About Children Who Bully
• Children who bully are more likely to:– Get into frequent fights– Be injured in a fight– Steal, vandalize property– Drink alcohol, smoke– Be truant, drop out of school– Report poorer academic achievement– Perceive a negative climate at school– Carry a weapon
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Children Who Bully• Bullying may be part of a conduct-
disordered behavior pattern
• This pattern may continue into young adulthood
• Olweus study: Bullies were 4 times as likely to have 3 or more convictions by age 24
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Effects of Bullying on Bystanders
• Bystanders may feel:
– Afraid– Powerless to change the situation– Guilty for not acting– Diminished empathy for victims
over time
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Effects of Bullying on School Climate
• Creates a climate of fear and disrespect
• Interferes with student learning
• Students may feel insecurity and not like school as well
• Students may perceive lack of control/caring© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Characteristics of Bullied Students
Research suggests that there are two categories of bullied children:– “submissive” or
“passive victims” of bullying
– “provocative victims” or “bully-victims”
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200717Tab 2: Doc 1
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“Passive Victims” Tend To..
• Be cautious, sensitive, quiet, and withdrawn
• Be anxious, insecure, have low self-esteem
• Be physically weaker than peers (boys)
• Physically mature earlier (girls)
• Have few friends and find it easier to associate with adults than with peers
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200718Tab 2: Doc 1
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“Provocative Victims” Tend To...• Share some characteristics with
bullied children• Share other characteristics with
students who bully • Be less effective in bullying than other
children who bully• Behave in ways that cause irritation
and tension, and attract negative attention
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200719Tab 2: Doc 1
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Children at Higher Risk of Being Bullied:
• Children with disabilities, special needs, and health problems
• Children who are obese• Children who are lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender, or who are questioning their identities (GLBTQ) [TG CD #5]© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Children Who Bully Tend To...
• Have positive attitudes toward violence
• Be impulsive and have quick tempers
• Show little empathy for victims• Be aggressive to adults• Be involved in other antisocial
or rule-breaking activities• Be physically stronger than
peers (boys)
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
NOBULLYING
ALLOWED
!
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Common Myths About Children who Bully
• “Children who bully are loners.”
• “Children who bully have low self-esteem.”
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007 22Tab 2: Doc 1
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What Motivates Children Who Bully?
• Like to dominate others in a negative way
• Gain satisfaction from inflicting injury and suffering
• Receive “rewards” by bullying others (prestige, attention, possessions)
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200723Tab 2: Doc 1
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School Risk Factors for Problems of
Bullying• Lack of supervision
during breaks
• Students have indifferent or accepting attitudes
• Staff have indifferent or accepting attitudes towards bullying
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200724Tab 2: Doc 1
The Olweus Bulling Questionnaire
Results
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Schoolwide Guide DVD
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The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program
• First systematic research on bullying conducted in early 1970s.
• OBPP part of Norway’s national campaign against bullying in early 1980s.
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Program Program ComponentsComponents
School
Individual
Classroom
Community
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Goals of the Olweus Bullying Prevention
Program
• Reduce existing bullying problems among students
• Prevent the development of new bullying problems
• Achieve better peer relations at school
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Program Principles
1. Warmth, positive interest, and involvement are needed on the part of adults in school.
2. Set firm limits to unacceptable behavior.
3. Consistently use nonphysical, nonhostile negative consequences when rules are broken.
4. Adults in the school should act as authorities and positive role models.
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Implications of Key Principles
1. Adults are responsible2. Clear and consistent message3. Short and long-term focus4. Follow model with fidelity5. OBPP should become part of
everyday life at school
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Implications of Key Principles
6. Student involvement in changing climate
7. Student learning about bullying
8. OBPP is NOT peer mediation or conflict resolution
9. OBPP is not a classroom management technique
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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What Roles Do Students Play In Bullying Situations?
B
C
D
H
G
E
F
AStart the bullying and take an active partTake an activepart, but do not start the bullying
Support the bullying, but do not take an active part
Like the bullying, but do not display open support
Watch what happens, don’t take a stand
Dislike the bullying and think they ought to help, but don’t do it
Dislike the bullying, help or try to help the bullied student
The one who is being bullied
Student Who Is Bullied
Students Who Bully
Followers
Supporters
Passive Supporters
DisengagedOnlookers
Possible Defenders
Defenders
TG, p. 24
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Recognition of the Olweus Bullying
Prevention Program• Blueprint Model Program
(Center for the Study & Prevention of Violence)
• Model Program (SAMHSA)
• Effective Program (OJJDP)
• Level 2 Program (US Dept. of Education)
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program IS...
• Designed for ALL students• Preventive AND responsive• Focused on changing norms
and restructuring the school setting
• Research-based• NOT time-limited: Requires
systematic efforts over time© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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The OBPP IS NOT...The OBPP IS NOT...
• a curriculum
• a conflict resolution approach
• a peer mediation program
• an anger management program
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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• OBPP Schoolwide Guide– CD of written materials– DVD: Overview of OBPP
• OBPP Teacher Guide– CD of written materials– DVD: Six scenarios for
class discussion
• Olweus Bullying Questionnaire
Required OBPP Materials
With Vickie Crocker Flerx, Ph.D. Nancy Mullin M.Ed. Jane Riese L.S.W. Marlene Snyder, Ph.D
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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School-Level Components
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200738
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The Olweus Bullying Questionnaire
• Locations of hotspots• Patterns for girls and boys• Insights into school climate• Information to assess supervision• Adult and student attitudes about
bullying• Impact of bullying on students• Valuable planning tool
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200739
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4. Hold Staff Discussion Group Meetings
• Goals of the groups
• Organization and leaders
• Topics for discussion
– Sample outline (SWG Doc #18)
– Staff Discussion Group Log (SWG Doc #19)
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200740
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about bullying• We will not bully others.• We will try to help students
who are bullied.• We will try to include students
who are left out.• If we know that somebody is
being bullied, we will tell an adult at school and an adult at home.
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
SPSP (TG Doc #8)
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Refine the Supervisory System
1. Determine the “hot spots” for bullying2. Develop strategies to increase
supervision in common “hot spots”3. Develop ways of tracking and
reporting bullying incidents schoolwide (Sample: SWG CD # 23)
4.Consider the attitudes of supervising adults
5.Evaluate your school’s physical design to reduce bullying
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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When There Are Suspicions of
Bullying...• Intensify your observations
of the child
• Confer with colleagues
• Talk to or survey students
• Collect information fromstudents
• Contact parents
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200743
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Use of Positive Consequences
to Reinforce Behavior
• Why are positive consequences critical?
• Who receives them?
• Types of behavior to reinforce
• Types of positive consequences
• Tips on use of positive consequences
Notebook-School Components page 4
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Use of Negative Consequences
• Why aren’t positive consequences enough?
• Guidelines for use of negative consequences
• Types of negative consequences
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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7. 7. Hold Kick-off Event to Launch the Program
• What is it?• When should it take place? • How to prepare for it? • What to cover?• Related activities SW CD 27,28
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
SSPP
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8. Partner with Parents• The importance of parent
involvement in the OBPP• Strategies to involve parents in
OBPP– Serve on the BPCC– Attend schoolwide parent meetings– Attend/help organize classroom
parent meetings– Talk with their children about bullying
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention © The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007Group, 2007
SSPP TG CD #23, #25, #26, & #27
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Classroom-Level Components
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200748
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Classroom-Level Components
• Post and enforce schoolwide rules against bullying
• Hold regular class meetings
• Hold meetings with students’ parents
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200749
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Supportive Materials for the Classroom
• Schoolwide Guide - Chapter 12
• Teacher Guide - Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7
• Teacher Guide DVD
• Numerous CD-ROM Handouts (TG Docs 6-20)
• Quit it! (K-3)
• Training handouts
• National Anti-Bullying Campaign Materials © The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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How to Conduct Class Meetings
• Scheduling class meetings
• What they are NOT
• Teacher experience and comfort with class meetings
• “Class meetings” vs. “Bullying meetings”
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200751
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Individual-Level
Components
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200752
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Individual-Level Components
1. Supervise students’ activities2. Ensure that all staff intervene
on-the-spot when bullying occurs
3. Hold meetings with students involved in bullying
4. Develop individual intervention plans for involved students
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200753
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1. On-the-Spot Interventions:The “Teachable Moment”1. Stop the bullying2. Support the student who has been bullied3. Name the bullying behavior & refer to the
school rules4. Empower the bystanders5. Impose immediate and appropriate
consequences 6. Take steps to ensure the bullied student
will be protected from future bullying
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200754
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2. Follow-Up Interventions
1. Report the incident to key adults
2. Identify who will meet with students
3. Hold separate talks with parties
4. Implement supports for bullied child
5. Impose consequences for the children who bully
6. Talk with parents
7. Check-in later© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Working with Parents of Involved Students
• Contacting parents– Of bullied children
– Of children who bully others
– Of bystanders
• Working with parents who contact the school
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
SPSP
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Why Adults Don’t Always Intervene:• Have difficulty recognizing
bullying• Fail to recognize the importance
of intervening• Uncertain how best to intervene• Lack of time
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Community-Level Components
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200758
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Community-Level Components
• Involve community members on the BPCC
• Develop partnerships with community members to support your program
• Help spread anti-bullying messages and principles of best practice throughout the community
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200759
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Spreading the Anti-Bullying Message into
the Community• Community sports leagues• After-school programs• Scouting, 4-H, other youth
programs• Faith-based organizations• Juvenile justice groups• Summer camps
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200760
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Take-Home Message
•Stopping bullying takes a team effort.
•Approach the process in steps.
•Change happens in small increments.
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2004© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 200461
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Tracking Program Implementation
• OBPP Schoolwide Implementation Checklist (1st Year) (SWG Doc. #7)
• OBPP Implementation Checklist for Teachers (TG Doc. #7)
• OBPP Implementation Checklist for Continued Program Implementation (SWG Doc. # 34)
SPSP
© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007© The Olweus Bullying Prevention Group, 2007
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Use of this presentation is restricted to persons trained by the authors in the Olweus Bullying
Prevention Program and groups they work with for the express purpose of training schools, parents and community groups about the Olweus
Bullying Prevention Program model.
Appropriate credit to the Olweus Bullying Prevention Group must appear on all presentation
materials. No other use or changes are permitted without prior written permission from
the authors.
For further information, please contact: Marlene Snyder, PhD at [email protected]
or call 864-710-4562
© 2007 Susan Limber, PhD; Vicki Flerx, PhD; Nancy Mullin, MEd; Jane Riese, LSW; and Marlene Snyder, PhD
This presentation is based on the work of Dan Olweus, PhDThis presentation is based on the work of Dan Olweus, PhD
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