1 experimental review on “ puzzle” changzheng yuan institute of high energy physics, beijing...
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Experimental review on “ puzzle”
Changzheng YUANInstitute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
温都水城2011 年 3月 18 日
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Contents
• experiments
• “12% rule” & “ puzzle”– A bit history
& VP
– VT
– Other modes
• Questions for discussion
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BES and CLEOc dataData BESII CLEOc BESIII (2012)
J/ 58 M -- 225 M (x5)
’ 14 M 26 M 106 M (x5)
’’33 pb-1 818 pb-1 2200 pb-1 (2900 pb-
1)
Continuum
6.4 pb-1
(s=3.65 GeV)21 pb-1
(s=3.67 GeV)42 pb-1
(s=3.65 GeV)Performance BESII CLEOc BESIII
p/p1.7%/1+p2 0.6%@p=1Ge
V0.5%@p=1Ge
V
E/E22% /E 2.2%@E=1Ge
V2.5%@E=1Ge
V
PartID dE/dx+TOF dE/dx+RICH dE/dx+TOFCoverage 80% 93% 93%
Almost no publications from BESIII yet …
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The “12% rule”
M. Appelquist and H. D. Politzer, PRL34, 43 (1975)
12%B
B
B
BQ
eeJ/ ψ
eeψ'
XJ/ ψ
Xψ'h
This is the famous (or notorious)
“12% rule”.
It’s 13% now, was 12%, 14%, or 15%.
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Violation found by Mark-II , confirmed
by BESI at higher sensitivity. Extensively studied by BESII/CLEOc
VP mode: , K*+K-+c.c., K*0K0+c.c., 0,…PP mode: KSKL, K+K-, +- [Xiaohu’s talk]BB mode: pp, , …VT mode: K*K*2, f2’, a2, f2
3-body: pp0, pp, +-0, …Multi-body: KSKShh, +-0 K+K- , 3(+-), …
“12% rule” and “ puzzle”
K*K
MARK-II
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BES
I st
ud
ies
of
th
e
“12
% r
ule
”
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BESII: 强烈压低与反常增强
KSKL
1.多数过程满足“ 12% 规则”2.首次观测到 (2S),发现强烈压低;比“ 12% 规则”压低近两个量级
3.首次观测到 (2S)VT ,发现中等压低;比“ 12% 规则”压低几倍
4.首次观测到 (2S)KSKL,相对于理论预期反常增强 !
理论预期
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In Potential model, if J/, ’, and ’’ are pure 1S, 2S,
and 1D states, one expects [PDG2010]
Extension of the “12% rule” to ’’
0.3)%(13.0B
B
B
BQ
eeJ/ ψ
eeψ'
XJ/ ψ
Xψ'h
4-
eeJ/ ψ
ee'ψ'
XJ/ ψ
X'ψ'h 100.12)(1.63
B
B
B
BQ'
but ’ and ’’ are known not pure 2S and 1D states
PRD17, 3090 (1978); 21, 203 (1980); 41, 155 (1990); …
Let’s look at data …
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BESII CLEOc
229 0s 196 0s
BES and CLEOc in good agreement!
BESII: PLB619, 247 (2005)CLEOc: PRL94, 012005 (2005)’ + - 0
56.15.1
0
50
10)8.28.18()'(:
10)9.18.11.18()'(:
BCLEOc
BBESII
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Dalitz plots after applying 0 mass cut!
Very different from J/ 3!
Similar Dalitz plots, different data handling techniques:
PWA vs. counting!
J/
’ + - 0
CLEOcBESII
58.07.0
5
10)2.04.2()'(:
10)1.17.01.5()'(:
BCLEOc
BBESII
’ is observed, it is not completely missing, BR is at 10-5 level!
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J/ + - 0
)%12.007.2()/( 0
JB
Make mass cut, and count events
PWA analysis assuming interferes with excited states
L. P. Chen andW. Dunwoodie, Hadron’91, MRK3 data
?)%101(17.1)/(
)/(0
JB
JB
%0.282.42ρπ)B(J/ ψ
Very different!
PDG: 1.690.15%
数据引用不对!
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BESII
3.773GeV
BES and CLEOc are in good agreement!X-section at ’’ peak is smaller than at continuum!
BESII: PRD72, 072007 (2005)CLEO: PRD73, 012002 (2006)’’ + - 0
pbCLEOc
pbBESII
GeVeeB
)2.14.04.7(:
)0.25.34.8(:
: 773.3@)( 0
3.650GeV 3.773GeV3.670GeV
CLEOc
pb
pb
continuum
)1.21.13(
)7.33.73.19(
:@
9.17.1
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BESII: PRD72, 072007 (2005)CLEO: PRD73, 012002 (2006)
BESII
3.773
BES and CLEOc are in good agreement!X-section at ’’ peak is smaller than at continuum! non-zero ’’ amplitude.
’’ + - 0
pbCLEOc
pbBESII
GeVeeB
)5.03.04.4(:
0.6:
:773.3@)(
3.65
CLEOc
pb
pb
continuum
)9.00.8(
25
:@
7.14.1
3.773 3.67
Subtle difference in handling efficiency and ISR correction.
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’’ Wang, Yuan and Mo:PLB574,41(2003)
Tot
al c
ross
sec
tion
2
*
2
**''''
:
:
ee
Boff
eegggBon
a
peakresonanceoff
aaa
peakresoanceon
2
*'''')''( aaB ggg
B depends on efficiency and ISR correction, efficiency and ISR correction depends on B(s) ! Iteration is necessary!
1L
nobsB
Three unknowns with two equations --- One can plot the BR versus phase .
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’’ BES data restrict BR and phase in a wide range (@90% C.L.):
20,150
104.2,106 36
BR
CLEOc data further restrict BR and phase in a ring*. At =-90:
54.30.2
3
104.2
103.01.2
BR
or
BR
*Toy MC is used to get BR from CLEOc data (not CLEO official results)!
BESII: PRD72, 072007 (2005)CLEOc: PRD73, 012002 (2006)
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In S-D mixing model, using mixing angle θ=12°, using Rosner’s assumption (12% rule for 1S and 2S), one predicts Q’
ρπ =(2.7-5.3)% !
J/ , ’ , ’’
)%..(ρπ)B(J/ψ
ρπ)B(ψ050130
'
)%.(ρπ)B(J/ψ
ρπ)B(ψ
or
)%..(ρπ)B(J/ψ
ρπ)B(ψ
.
.150090100
''
6109''
13.0%Qe
0.016%Q'e
keV
or
keV
keV
keVJ
6.0)''(
50)''(
014.0)'(
1.2)/(
•Partial width of ψ’’ρπ is larger than that of ψ’ρπ!•hard to understand if ψ’’ is pure 1D state, also hard if ψ’’ is 2S and 1D mixture.
-90 or imperfect model?
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’ VP K*(892)K+c.c.
K*0
Br±=(2.9±1.7 ±0.4)10–5
Br0=(13.3±2.7 ±1.7)10–5 K*
Good agreement!Large Isospin violation!Both modes suppressed!
BESII : PLB614, 37 (2005)
CLEOc: PRL94, 012005 (2005)
Br0=(9.2±2.7 ±0.9)10–5
Br±=(1.3±1.0 ±0.3)10–5
BESII
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BESII : PLB614, 37 (2005); PRD73, 052007 (2006)CLEOc: PRL94, 012005 (2005)J/, ’ VP
mode
BESII:
B(’)(×10-5)
CLEOc:
B(’)(×10-5)
PDG2010
or my est.…
B(J/)(×10-4)
B(’)/B(J/)
(%)
5.1±0.7±1.1 2.4+0.8-0.7±0.2 242±28 0.13±0.05
(2150) 19.4±2.5+11.5-3.4 N/A N/A N/A
+-0 18.1±1.8±1.9 18.8+1.6-1.5±2.8 207±12 0.92±0.11
K*0K0+c.c. 13.3±2.7±1.7 9.2+2.7-2.2±0.9 43.9±3.1 2.6±0.6
K*+K-+c.c. 2.9±1.7±0.4 1.3+1.0-0.7±0.3 51.2±3.0 0.34±0.20
1.87+0.68-0.62±0.28 2.5+1.2
-1.0±0.2 4.5±0.5 3.7±1.2
1.78+0.67-0.62±0.17 3.0+1.1
-0.9±0.2 1.93±0.23 10.9±3.4
’ 1.87+1.64-1.11±0.33 N/A 1.05±0.18 18±16
<0.40 N/A <0.064 N/A
3.3±1.1±0.5 2.0+1.5-1.1±0.4 7.5±0.8 3.0±1.2
’ 3.1±1.4±0.7 N/A 4.0±0.7 7.8±4.1
<3.1 <1.1 17.4±2.0 <0.53
’ 3.2+2.4-2.0±0.7 N/A 1.82±0.21 14±11
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Search for ’’VPCLEO: PRD73, 012002 (2006)
Same operation as for ’’ should done for all the modes to extract the BRs of ’’ decays.
BR
(’’
fina
l sta
te)
=-90 degrees as in J/ and ’ decays? Any way to choose one solution?
Some x-sections agree, some very different.
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)1270(2f
f2 (1270)
B.G.(M.C.)
B.G.( )
’ V T
B.G.
a2 (1320) )1320(2a
BESII : PRD69, 072001 (2004)
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)1430()892( 20
B.G.
K*2 (1430)
K*(892)
’ V T
)1525(2f
B.G.
f2' (1525)
f0(980)
BESII : PRD69, 072001 (2004)
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MCYXψ'
obsYXψ'
Xψ' εBNn
B
† This value from DM2 only Suppressed!!
12 % rule ( pQCD rule )
’ V T
VT mode
B’ X (10 – 4)
(BES-II)
B J/X (10 – 3)
(PDG2010)Qh(%)
f2 2.05± 0.41 ± 0.38 4.3±0.6 4.8±1.5
a2 2.55± 0.73± 0.47 10.9±2.2 2.3±1.1
K* K*2 1.86± 0.32 ± 0.43 6.0±0.6 3.1±1.3
f2' 0.44 ± 0.12 ± 0.11 1.23±0.21 † 3.6±1.5
BESII : PRD69, 072001 (2004)
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Multi-body ’ decays BESII: PRD71, 072006 (2005)
Some modes are suppressed, some are enhanced, while some others obey the 12% rule!
CLEOc:PRD72, 051108(2005)
BESII, PRD73, 052004 (2006)
CLEOc: PRL95, 062001 (2005)
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Multi-body ” decays
25 modes, no significant signal observed over continuum expectation.
CLEOc: PRL96, 032003 (2006)
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Multi-body ” decays [references by PDG2010]
Many publications, but no significant signal in even one single mode! (mystery!!)
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BESIIIPRL105, 261801 (2010)
NEW information!
J/ & ’0, & ’
4.6 4.3
)
’’
’0
’
Mode B(’) [x10-6] B(J/) [x10-4] Q (%)0 1.580.42 0.350.03 4.5 1.3 1.380.49 11.040.34 0.13 0.04’ 1269 52.81.5 2.4 0.2
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The “12%” rule and the “0.02%” rule’ VP/P suppressed’ PP enhanced’ VT suppressed’ BB obey/enh.Multi-body obey/sup
The ’’ decays into light hadrons may (not) be large --- more data and more sophisticated analysis are needed to extract the branching fractions from the observed cross sections. Why D-wave decay width so large?
Model to explain J/, ’ and ’’ decays naturally and simultaneously? •S-D mixing in ’ and ’’ [J. L. Rosner, PRD64, 094002 (2001)] [Wang Ping]•DD-bar reannihilation in ’’ (J. L. Rosner, hep-ph/0405196)•Four-quark component in ’’ [M. Voloshin, PRD71, 114003 (2005)]•Survival cc-bar in ’ (P. Artoisenet et al., PLB628, 211 (2005))•Other model(s)?
Seems no obvious rule to categorize the suppressed, the enhanced, and the normal decay modes of J/ and ’.
The models developed for interpreting specific mode may hard to find solution for other (all) modes.
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Summary
Lots of progress from BESII and CLEOc in vector charmonia decays.Hadronic decays of J/, ’, and ’’ are studied extensively and simultaneously to understand the decay dynamics.“ puzzle” remains a puzzle, ’’ charmless decays is observed in inclusive mode, but the total rate for the charmless decay is very uncertain & suspecious.More studies are needed (and expected) at BESIII!
Thanks a lot!
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你再问我为什么,我就揍你!
为什么?
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For discussion• Do you have any suspicions on experimental data? [Still assumptions in extracting experimental results,
be careful in citing BRs]• What is the desired precision?• Are there better ways to categorize data rather than i
nto (quasi-two-body) VP, VT, PP, AP, …?• Are there crucial modes still missing?• How reliable is the 12% rule?• J/ enhanced? ’ suppressed? Or both?• Should there be difference between strong decays an
d EM decays (in terms of the BR ratio)?
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For discussion ’’ decays add more information or just trouble?• Can bottomonia decays help? • How can experimentalists & theorists make joint effor
t in understanding the problem?
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32CLEO preliminary results never published!
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