1 fla-fi-ditching-cp-cp-rev1_0 copyright © 2011 flightsafety international, inc. unauthorized...


Ditching and Survival

Ditching and Survival

Proprietary Information All Rights Reserved Rev 1.0


Fundamentals of Survival

Flotation in sea survival situations

Protection from the elements

Rescue signaling

Medical care of the injured

Sustenance

- and the most important element:

POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE

Flotation in sea survival situations

Protection from the elements

Rescue signaling

Medical care of the injured

Sustenance

- and the most important element:

POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE


Body Core Temperature

The core temperature, normally 98.6 F / 37C, is the temperature essential to maintaining the body’s metabolism

Water conducts heat away from the body 25+ times faster than air

50% of body heat is lost through the head. The next greatest loss is from the hands

The core temperature, normally 98.6 F / 37C, is the temperature essential to maintaining the body’s metabolism

Water conducts heat away from the body 25+ times faster than air

50% of body heat is lost through the head. The next greatest loss is from the hands

Core

Hypothermia is the second greatest threat after the accident.


Signs of Hypothermia

Exhaustion

Shivering

Slurred speech

Memory lapses

Incoherence

Mental Deterioration

Muscular Rigidity

Loss of Coordination

Drowsiness

When the body core temperature drops to 95F (35C) or below.


In-water risk


The basic principles for re-warming a hypothermic victim are:

Conserve the body heat that the victim has

Supplement the heat the body is producing

The basic principles for re-warming a hypothermic victim are:

Conserve the body heat that the victim has

Supplement the heat the body is producing


Corrective MeasuresMild/Moderate Hypothermia

Get the victim out of the elements

Treat for shock as necessary

Remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing. Add layers of clothing.

Keep the head warmly covered

If required, share body heat

Do not rub the arms and legs

Get the victim out of the elements

Treat for shock as necessary

Remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing. Add layers of clothing.

Keep the head warmly covered

If required, share body heat

Do not rub the arms and legs


S – Size up the situation. Any emergency first aid required? Inventory all usable items.

U – Undue haste makes waste. Energy is precious.

R – Remember where you are. Remain at the site if possible.

V – Vanquish fear and panic from the group.

I – Improvise. Devise uses for the things around you.

V - Value living. The will to survive is paramount.

A - Act like the natives would in the environment you are in.

L - Learn basic survival skills before you need them

- from the US Army Survival Manual

SURVIVAL


– the primary elements of survival.

Their order of importance will vary based on the type of area you are in.

Food, Fire, Shelter, Water


The Group should Choose the Leader This will help to ensure compliance

Fear, for many reasons, is a real and active danger. It must be controlled.

Organize group survival activities; give everyone able a task and rotate the duties.

Develop mutual dependence within the group.

Never Give Up - maintain a positive mental attitude.


Assess your surroundings for anything that you can use to improve the situation. Determine if moving to another area is required.

For all types environments, your life raft will provide:

Shelter Fire (flare) Water Purifier

Food Signaling Devices Knife

Fishing Gear Survival manual

Signaling for rescue – build a smoky fire, arrange rocks, seaweed, etc. in an open area

Survival on Land


Utilize the life raft Shelter – utilize the life raft.

Fire – the flares can ignite a smoky signal fire.

Water - look for water sources nearby. If none are available, build a solar still or place plastic bags over vegetation to collect moisture

Food – survival kit bars

Be aware that there can be extremes

in temperature Conserve energy, do not travel during the day

Maintain a signal fire

Desert Survival


Locating Water in the Desert


Shelter – life raft or build a shelter

Fire – utilize a flare to ignite a fire

Water– utilize water purifier with water from puddles and streams. Many plants catch and hold water. Coconut milk can be taken in small quantities

Food – generally abundant but use caution as some forms are poisonous.Plants eaten by primates considered safe. Most reptiles and mammals that have been skinned are considered safe

Try to remain as dry as possible, especially your feet

Be aware of your surroundings There are dangerous insects, reptiles, etc. Always shake out any clothing before donning.

Jungle Survival


Shelter - Utilize the life raft and also build a snow shelter.

Fire - for signaling and comfort.

Water – melt snow in frequent small quantities.

Food – survival kit food bars. Also attempt hunting and fishing.

If frostbite is suspected do not rub or attempt to defrost; protect affected area.

If travel is required in the Arctic, take several compass readings and average them together.

Arctic Survival


Ditching Equipment and

Procedures Ditching Equipment and

Procedures


Life Raft

FSI DITCHING video


Ditching Procedures

121.5 / 243.0 military/USCG

2182 maritime distress AMVERS

Satcom, AirCell,

VOIP and cell phones

121.5 / 243.0 military/USCG

2182 maritime distress AMVERS

Satcom, AirCell,

VOIP and cell phones

Emergency Communications


Aircraft Landing Procedure

Pilots will attempt to land parallel and between the waves. The aircraft may touch the water several times before coming to a complete stop.

Pilots will attempt to land parallel and between the waves. The aircraft may touch the water several times before coming to a complete stop.


Life Vest

G450

Know the location and the operation of the life vests on your aircraft. Hawker


Life Vests

Remove life vest from plastic pouch and place over your head

Secure snugly with black strap around your waist The greatest security is gained by wrapping strap around 1 leg

and fastening in front, especially for children, pregnant women, obese persons or adults under 5’4”

Do Not inflate inside aircraft; inflate on wing

Only pull one tab to inflate

Flight crew should don vests during

preparation for ditching

Remove life vest from plastic pouch and place over your head

Secure snugly with black strap around your waist The greatest security is gained by wrapping strap around 1 leg

and fastening in front, especially for children, pregnant women, obese persons or adults under 5’4”

Do Not inflate inside aircraft; inflate on wing

Only pull one tab to inflate

Flight crew should don vests during

preparation for ditching

Hawker 800

“Life vest in base of seat”…

Demonstrate to the passengers as you don your own life vest.


Hoover Infant/Child Life Vest Child Life Vest

The Hoover is designed to protect a child from the elements

35 lb. (15.9k) weight limit

Parents must be thoroughly briefed on the procedures involved to ensure compliance


HELP and Huddle Positions

H - Heat

E - Escape

L - Lessening

P - Position

H - Heat

E - Escape

L - Lessening

P - Position

HELP Position

Huddle Method

Positions that aid in reducing the body heat lost while in the water.


Provide flotation and protection from the elements - on water or on land.

Life Raft


Life Rafts

Life rafts are often stored under a divan but may be in a closet or the baggage area

Deploy all rafts from the same side of the aircraft

Life rafts are often stored under a divan but may be in a closet or the baggage area

Deploy all rafts from the same side of the aircraft

Raft in Falcon baggage

Covered raft in Falcon cabin

Gulfstream divan


Life Raft Features

Mooring Line

Auxilliary inflation Ring


Mooring Line

Remove the line from the end only Pull out only as much line that is needed

to secure the raft Pulling from the wrong area may cause

the raft to inflate prematurely

EAM

Winslow

Winslow


Winslow Mooring / Inflation Line Connection

Most Life rafts have 1 line that secures and also inflates the life raft

Winslow has an additional inflation ring for rapid inflation


Winslow Survival Kit

All rafts have an inventory inspection list in a small pocket on the raft valise.

Know the operation of all items included in the raft and it’s survival kit.


Sea Anchor

Important for the stability of all rafts

The sea anchor should drag freely in the water behind the raft

Maybe white or black

Important for the stability of all rafts

The sea anchor should drag freely in the water behind the raft

Maybe white or black


A Ditched Aircraft Should Float Nose Up


After Evacuating into the Raft

It is important to get off the aircraft as soon as possible and into the raft

Stay with the aircraft as long as possible but be alert to cut the raft line, as needed

Advise passengers that swimming or excessive activity will reduce energy, increase heat loss, and can lead to dehydration

It is important to get off the aircraft as soon as possible and into the raft

Stay with the aircraft as long as possible but be alert to cut the raft line, as needed

Advise passengers that swimming or excessive activity will reduce energy, increase heat loss, and can lead to dehydration


Additional Survival Measures

Count the survivors and assess injuries

Remind all to keep their head out of the water to help maintain body heat. Maintain an upright position

If the rafts were not deployed, utilize HUDDLE position to provide flotation for survivors without a life vest

Count the survivors and assess injuries

Remind all to keep their head out of the water to help maintain body heat. Maintain an upright position

If the rafts were not deployed, utilize HUDDLE position to provide flotation for survivors without a life vest

Air Sunshine ditching – Key West


Survival Measures

For those without a flotation device, assign those with vests to assist

Keep everyone, groups, rafts, and individuals close, preferably tied together

For those without a flotation device, assign those with vests to assist

Keep everyone, groups, rafts, and individuals close, preferably tied together


Be Familiar with Raft

Become familiar with the features of the raft, its survival kit, and the method of deployment – before you need it ! Become familiar with the features of the raft, its survival kit, and the method of deployment – before you need it !


Goodrich Mooring/Inflation Line

Goodrich Life Raft


Eastern Aero Marine (EAM)2006 and newer


Eastern Aero Marine

Canopy spreads over stakesand center paddle mast.

pre 2006


EAM Survival Kit


Survival Kit Signaling Devices

ELT Mirror Whistle Sea dye marker / SEE

Rescue Ribbon Strobe light, flashlight Hand held flares

ELT Mirror Whistle Sea dye marker / SEE

Rescue Ribbon Strobe light, flashlight Hand held flares


(ELT) Emergency Locator Transmitter

A satellite signaling device

Most operate on 121.5, 243 (military) and 406 Mhz

Battery lasts approx. 50 hours

A satellite signaling device

Most operate on 121.5, 243 (military) and 406 Mhz

Battery lasts approx. 50 hours

All aircraft ELTs must be upgraded to 406 Mhz


ELT’s and

EPIRBs

An EPIRB is the marine

equivalent of an ELT


1. Signal is activated by impact or by a manual switch.2. Satellite receives signal and relays it to a land receiving station.3. Land station sends the information to a Search and Rescue unit.4. Rescue aircraft receive information.

How an ELT Works


121.5/243 Mhz - 25 square miles 406 Mhz - 2 square miles or less

Initial Search Areas


Signal Mirrors (Acrylic Type)

Range over 40 miles / 64 km

Easy to use, can be used on hazy days

Can be used at night with strobe light

CDs, DVDs, etc. can also be effective

Range over 40 miles / 64 km

Easy to use, can be used on hazy days

Can be used at night with strobe light

CDs, DVDs, etc. can also be effective


Whistles

Typically 120 decibels - can be heard ½ mile away

Especially useful in fog or at night

Typically 120 decibels - can be heard ½ mile away

Especially useful in fog or at night


Sea Dye Marker

May be used to mark the ground to alert rescue aircraft

Will dye 1 square acre of calm water green for approximately 1 hour. May be visible for 6 to 10 miles from 25000 feet

May be used to mark the ground to alert rescue aircraft

Will dye 1 square acre of calm water green for approximately 1 hour. May be visible for 6 to 10 miles from 25000 feet


See Rescue RibbonAn optional item seen in some survival kits


Raft and Life Vest Lights

One waterproof flashlight with extra bulb and batteries

Water activated raft canopy light Water activated canopy interior light Water activated raft lights should burn approximately

10 hours

One waterproof flashlight with extra bulb and batteries

Water activated raft canopy light Water activated canopy interior light Water activated raft lights should burn approximately

10 hours


Strobe Lights

Kit includes one waterproof strobe light

Must be manually activated

Will last 9 hours continuously or 18 hours with

intermittent use

Kit includes one waterproof strobe light

Must be manually activated

Will last 9 hours continuously or 18 hours with

intermittent use


Winslow Hand Held Flares

Skyblazer Hand Held (Roman Candle Style) : Produces 2 minutes of red flare.

Skyblazer Hand Held (Roman Candle Style) : Produces 2 minutes of red flare.

Skyblazer XLT Aerial : Up to 500 foot altitude, 10 second burn time, visible for 28 miles (45k).


Flare Use

Flares must always be held overboard and at an angle to avoid dripping the hot compound into the raft.

Use caution when firing a flare at night. The glow may temporarily blind the rescue aircraft pilot using night vision goggles.


Scenario

You are landing at the home airport with 4 passengers including a 2 year old child. The aircraft suddenly lurches to the right. You hear something yelled from the cockpit but you can’t understand what was said.

The aircraft slides off the runway into a lake.

What do you do?

You are landing at the home airport with 4 passengers including a 2 year old child. The aircraft suddenly lurches to the right. You hear something yelled from the cockpit but you can’t understand what was said.

The aircraft slides off the runway into a lake.

What do you do?


Summary

Ditchings are highly survivable.

The #1 requirement in any survival situation

is a positive mental attitude.

Ditchings are highly survivable.

The #1 requirement in any survival situation

is a positive mental attitude.

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