1

HHydrogen1.0079

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth

MetalsTransition

Metals Lanthanides Actinides Other Metals Metalloids Other

Nonmetals Halogens Noble Gases

2

HeHelium4.003

3

LiLithium6.941

4

BeBeryllium9.0122

5

BBoron

10.811

6

CCarbon12.011

7

NNitrogen14.007

8

OOxygen15.999

9

FFluorine18.998

10

NeNeon

20.180

11

NaSodium22.990

12

MgMagnesium

24.305

13

AlAluminum26.982

14

SiSilicon

28.086

15

PPhosphorus

30.974

16

SSulfur

32.066

17

ClChlorine35.453

18

ArArgon

39.948

19

KPotassium

39.098

20

CaCalcium40.078

21

ScScandium44.956

22

TiTitanium47.88

23

VVanadium50.942

24

CrChromium51.996

25

MnManganese

54.938

26

FeIron

55.933

27

CoCobalt

58.933

28

NiNickel

58.693

29

CuCopper63.546

30

ZnZinc

65.39

31

GaGallium69.732

32

GeGermanium

72.61

33

AsArsenic74.922

34

SeSelenium

78.09

35

BrBromine79.904

36

KrKrypton84.80

37

RbRubidium

85.468

38

SrStrontium

87.62

39

YYttrium88.906

40

ZrZirconium91.224

41

NbNiobium92.906

42

MoMolybdenum

95.94

43

TcTechnetium

98.907

44

RuRuthenium

101.07

45

RhRhodium102.906

46

PdPalladium106.42

47

AgSilver

107.868

48

CdCadmium112.411

49

InIndium

114.818

50

SnTin

118.71

51

SbAntimony121.760

52

TeTellurium

127.6

53

IIodine

126.904

54

XeXenon

131.29

55

CsCesium132.91

56

BaBarium137.33

*57-71

72

HfHafnium178.49

73

TaTantalum180.948

74

WTungsten183.85

75

ReRhenium186.207

76

OsOsmium190.23

77

IrIridium192.22

78

PtPlatinum195.08

79

AuGold

196.967

80

HgMercury200.59

81

TlThallium204.383

82

PbLead

207.2

83

BiBismuth208.980

84

PoPolonium

[208.982]

85

AtAstatine209.987

86

RnRadon

222.018

87

FrFrancium

[223]

88

RaRadon[226]

**89-103

104

RfRutherfordium

[261]

105

DbDubnium

[262]

106

SgSeaborgium

[266]

107

BhBohrium[264]

108

HsHassium[269]

109

MtMeitnerium

[268]

110

DsDarmstadtium

[269]

111

RgRoentgenium

[272]

112

CnCopernicium

[277]

113

UutUnuntriumunknown

114

FlFlerovium

[289]

115

UupUnunpentium

unknown

116

LvLivermorium

[298]

117

UusUnunseptium

unknown

118

UuoUnunoctiumunknown

*57

LaLanthanum

138.906

58

CeCerium

140.115

59

PrPraseodymium

140.908

60

NdNeodymium

144.24

61

PmPromethium

144.24

62

SmSamarium150.36

63

EuEuropium151.966

64

GdGadolinium

157.25

65

TbTerbium158.925

66

DyDysprosium

162.50

67

HoHolmium164.930

68

ErErbium167.26

69

TmThulium

168.934

70

YbYtterbium173.04

71

LuLutetium174.967

**89

AcActinium227.028

90

ThThorium232.038

91

PaProtactinium

231.036

92

UUranium238.029

93

NpNeptunium237.048

94

PuPlutonium244.064

95

AmAmericium243.061

96

CmCurium

247.070

97

BkBerkelium247.070

98

CfCalifornium251.080

99

EsEinsteinium

[254]

100

FmFermium257.095

101

MdMendelevium

258.1

102

NoNobelium259.101

103

LrLawrencium

[262]

1 1A

2 2A

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 3A 14 4A 15 5A 16 6A 17 8A

18 8A

1

HHydrogen

1.0079

Atomic Number

Element SymbolElement NameAtomic Mass

Periodic Table

http://www.vincentsapone.com

Atomic mass in [brackets] is for the

most stable isotope .

Separating Mixtures!

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. When we build and

manufacture things, we have to acquire the necessary elements and substances that we

need. We rarely find pure elements alone in nature. For example, central European

copper is often found mixed with silver. In the 16th century, melting point differences

between the two metals were used to separate them (liquation).

In areas with Uranium deposits we find the fun gas that makes balloons float and our

voices sound funny (helium) mixed with other gasses. Helium is cryogenically separated

from the other gases. Instead of melting it is separated through cooling (different

substances freeze at different temperatures).

Separating mixtures is a big part of Chemistry!

I have accidentally mixed sand, salt and pepper. Oops!

Our Mixture (a physical blend of two or more substance)

1 kg of salt

500g of sand

250g of pepper

Iron filings

Separate this mixture and give me back my ingredients. You may use any of the supplies

in the lab room. If you need something or can’t find something ask!

Explain how you were able to separate the mixture using the physical properties of the materials.

Pure Substance

Elements Compounds

Homogeneous

MATTER

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

Examples: Examples:

3

Examples:Examples:

Pure Substance

Elements Compounds

Homogeneous

MATTER

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

Examples: Examples:

4

Examples:Examples:

Chromatography is a method for analyzing mixtures by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made. It can be used to separate mixtures like ink, blood, gasoline, and lipstick. In ink chromatography, you are separating the colored pigments that make up the color of the pen. Even though a pen will only write in one color, the ink is actually made from a mixture of different colored pigments. To perform ink chromatography, you put a small dot of ink to be separated and put it in a solvent. The solvent moves up the paper strip; and, as it travels upward it separates the ink into different colors producing a chromatogram. The chemicals that dissolve best in the solvent will move up the paper strip further than chemicals that do not dissolve as well. What is produced from this method is a chromatogram.

Forensic scientists are able to use ink chromatography to solve crimes by matching documents or stains found at a crime scene to the marker or pen that belongs to a suspect. Forensic scientists analyze the unknown ink and compare it to writing utensils collected from possible suspects. My dog likes to poop in my neighbor’s yards. This morning when I woke up Rex was missing and I found him stabbed to death in a on my back porch with a nasty note written on a piece of paper. I don’t know which one of my neighbors kidnapped and murdered my dog but I have it narrowed down to three suspects. You are going to analyze the ransom note and tell me who killed Rex.

Mr. MaddenUses Expo

Mr. GomesUses Crayola

Mr. NaugleUses Creative

Paper Chromatography

• Separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that “stick” to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level.

Chromatography: DNA Electrophoresis

Img via snipview False Convictions!

Separating Mixtures

• Separating mixtures is an important part of chemistry.

• Materials we need for everyday manufacturing are often not found isolated in their pure form.

• How would you separate a mixture of alcohol and water?

Ethanol (C2H6O) Freezes at -114°C and Boils around 72°C

Separating Mixtures

• Crystallization: making sugar crystals on a string separates water from sugar.

• Filtration: pasta can be separated from water using a strainer. You can separate other solid particles from liquids in the same fashion. What is the purpose of a coffee filter? Panning for gold!

• Decantation: if you let a mixture of sand and water still for a while you can carefully pour out the water as the insoluble sand sediments on the bottom. Oil and water can also be decanted.

• Evaporation: boiling a liquid with salt or sugar in it leaves behind the salt or sugar.

• Distillation uses different freezing and boiling points of materials to separate them.

• Chromatography: color separation, dna electrophoresis or separating ink pigments.

• Centrifugation: If you put blood into a centrifuge and spin it really fast it separates into different components.

• Mechanical Separation: you can pick fruit or use a pick to separate gold from rock or simply use your fingers to separate marbles from rocks.

• Electrolysis: separation via electricity!

Filtration: usually used to separate solids from fluids.

“Dirty water kills more people than war.”

• There is a global water crisis going on around us. Contaminated groundwater results in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people a year.

• Too much salt makes ocean water unsafe to drink. Could we filter the salt out of ocean water and make it drinkable?

• Filtering removes suspended particles from a solution. Salt dissolves in water, it does not suspend. Filtering does not work.

There is gold in sea water! Enough of it that each person on earth could

have 9lbs of it.

1liter salt water

Oddly enough, drinking salt water kills you through dehydration!!!

1. If you were to drink a liter of salt water you would ingest a lot more salt than your body needs.

2. Your liver can only produce urine that is less salty than sea water.

3. Thus you would need to urinate more liquid than you are drinking to get rid of the excess salt.

Imagine you are stranded on a deserted island without access to any fresh water. You are literally surrounded by trillion of tons of sea water. What happens if you drink it?

The salinity of the water in your cells “wants“ to be balanced with the salinity of the water outside of them. Water will travel in or out of your cells to achieve balance—always from low saline concentrations to high saline concentrations.

If a marathon runner drinks too much water the salinity of the water inside the cells is higher and water travels in via osmosis. The cells swell and this increased pressure causes various complications in the brain.

Electrolyte Balance and Osmosis!

Drinking sea water causes the water outside your cells to have a much higher salinity. The water in your cells leaves via osmosis to dilute the higher salinity water outside it—dehydrating the cells. Drinking salt water is futile.

Images via globetrooper

Distillation: separating liquid solutions through vaporization (liquid to gas) and condensation (gas to liquid).

1. Heat is applied to the liquid solution.

2. Because different liquids have different boiling points, if you adjust the temperature accordingly one will turn into a gas.

3. The gas rises and travels through a tube called a condenser with cold water run through it. This cold water causes the gas to turn back into a liquid.

4. The liquid drains into another container.

Alcohol boils at 72°C and water boils at 100°C

Bear Grylls: filtration and distillation

• http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/27877-man-vs-wild-purifying-water-in-the-wild-video.htm

Hoffman Apparatus: Electrolysis

• “Electrocuting” water (H2O) causes its bonds to break and it separates into H2 and O2

• 2H2O + Electricity 2H2 + O2

Assignment: how do we obtain the following materials? Pick one, research it and present on it (2-3minutes)

• Hydrogen• Silver• Gold• Helium• Sulfur• Mercury• Lead• Copper• Sodium• Chlorine• Air into its components

Helium

• Product of Uranium Ore• Small quantities in natural

gas.• Losing it to space.• Cryogenically separated

from the gas due to physical properties.

• Cryo = icy cold or using different freezing points of materials to separate them.

Questions1. Why is the scope of Chemistry so vast?

2. Why might a firefighter need to know Chemistry?

3. Why might a farmer need to know Chemistry?

4. Why might an astronomer need to know Chemistry?

5. Why might an environmentalist need to know Chemistry?

6. Why is lead added to paint?a. Why is domestic lead paint banned in the US and UK?b. When was it banned?c. Is there still a threat from it today?d. What is lead poisoning?