1 haccp in your school child nutrition employees revised april 2013 "in accordance with federal...
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HACCP in Your SchoolChild Nutrition Employees
Revised April 2013
"In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, age, or disability. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 or (202) 720-6382 (TTY). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer."
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Why Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)?
To prevent foodborne illness in North Carolina schools.
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Foodborne illness
• Foodborne illness Caused by eating contaminated foods or beverages
• Each year there are: 48 million cases of foodborne illness 128,000 hospitalizations 3,000 deaths
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- in -
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What is safe food to you?
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Food-as-foe
Mason Jones Dec. 24, 1999 - Oct. 6, 2005
22 year-old Stephanie Smith“I ask myself every day, ‘Why me?’ and
‘Why from a hamburger?
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What foods makes us ill?① Chicken
② Meats
③ Ground meats
④ Fin fish
⑤ Shellfish(Environics, 2005)
① Produce
② Poultry
③ Beef
④ Eggs
⑤ Seafood(CDC, 2009)
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What causes foodborne illness?
① Food from an unsafe source
② Inadequate cooking
③ Improper holding temperature
④ Contaminated equipment
⑤ Poor personal hygiene
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Inadequate cooking
Food Safety Infosheets
http://foodsafetyinfosheets.org/
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Salmonella Enteritidis linked to Shell Eggs 8/18/2011
• 250 illnesses in CA, CO, and MN associated with several restaurants
• Cal. health officials traced to in-shell eggs from Wright County Egg in Galt, Iowa
• Recalled est. 228 million eggs on Aug, 13
• Eggs can carry Salmonella and need to be cooked to 145°F for 15 sec
• Eggs should be stored at 45°F or colder
• Use pasteurized eggs as a replacement for raw eggs dishes
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Who is at risk?• Infants• Toddlers• Elderly – 65 years and older• Pregnant women• Immunocompromised• Taking specific medications
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YOPI
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What food causes illness?
• Any food can cause foodborne illness Even non-time/temperature control for safety foods
• Characteristics of a time/temperature control for safety (TCS) food: Low acid Moist Contains protein
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Keep time/temperature control for safety food out of the temperature danger zone!
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2011 Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Whole Cantaloupes from Jensen
Farms, Colorado
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147 ill in 28 states33 deaths
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Poor personal hygiene
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Hepatitis A virus at Illinois McDonald’s
7/21/2009
• 20 people diagnosed with Hepititis A– 11 hospitalized
• Two food handlers diagnosed with the illness continued to work
• Est. 10,000 people potentially exposed to Hepatitis A
• Don’t work when ill• Hepatitis A can be
transferred to ready to eat foods by dirty hands
• Handwashing reduces the chance of passing Hepatitis A to patrons
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Contaminated equipment
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E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in China Grove, NC 6/21/2007
• More than 20 people became ill after eating at Captain’s Galley– One woman, 86, died
• Several employees slaughtered a goat in the restaurant after hours– Former employee
phoned in the tip
• Slaughtering livestock of any kind in a food premise can spread risky bacteria and viruses throughout your system
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ActivityTime/temperature control for safety or
Not?
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TCS or Not?
Apples
Beef stew
no, because they are not cut.
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
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TCS or Not?
Bologna
Muffin
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
no, because low water activity.
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TCS or Not?
Macaroni and cheese
Baked potato
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
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TCS or Not?
Grilled tuna salad sandwich
Steamed rice
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
yes, because low acid, protein, and high water activity.
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The Safe Food Handler
Personal hygiene
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ActivityGlo-GermTM
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Basics of Handwashing ① Handwashing sink
Water at 100°F
② Hand soap Antibacterial liquid,
powder, or bar
③ Way to dry hands Disposable towels,
continuous towel system, or a hand dryer
④ Instant hand antiseptic Not required
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Proper Handwashing
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Always wash hands:• After using the bathroom• After coughing, sneezing, smoking, eating, or
drinking• After bussing a table• Before putting on gloves• After handling animals
• When switching between raw and ready-to-eat food
• After handling garbage or trash• After handling dirty equipment or utensils• During food preparation
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Poor personal hygiene
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E. coli O157:H7 outbreak at child care facility 5/5/2010
• 13 cases were confirmed 4 children hospitalized 4 yr old boy died
• 4 yr old boy symptoms first misdiagnosed as norovirus
• 2 repeat visits with worsening symptoms
• 10 days later 4 yr old boy died
• Practice good hygiene, food handlers who also care for children
• Cook foods to safe temperatures
• Avoid cross-contamination
• Source food from safe suppliers
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Fingernails• Fingernails (real or artificial) and nail polish can
be physical hazards• Keep nails trimmed and filed
• Employees cannot wear fingernail polish or artificial fingernails
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Cover cuts, wounds, and sores• Do not handle food if
you have a sore that contains pus or that is infected
• Cover affected area with a bandage, a finger cot, and then a single-use glove
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Single-use Gloves• Wear non-latex gloves
because latex gloves might cause allergic reactions in some employees and students
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• Change gloves:① When they tear
② Before beginning a new task
③ Every four hours when doing the same task
④ After handling raw meat, fish, or poultry
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Employee Clothing• Clothing can be a source of contamination
Wear clean clothing and the appropriate hair restraint
• While preparing food, do not wear jewelry No medical information jewelry on arms and hands Only exception is a plain wedding band
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Bare-hand Contact• No bare-hand contact of
ready-to-eat food• Ready-to-eat food (RTE)
includes: Cooked food Raw fruits and
vegetables Baked goods Dried sausages Canned food Snack foods Beverages
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Reporting Foodborne Illness• If you have been
diagnosed with one of the following foodborne illnesses, report it to your manager: Hepatitis A virus E. coli O157:H7 Salmonella Typhi Shigella spp. Norovirus
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Exposure to FB illness• Exposure to or suspicion of causing any confirmed
outbreak involving the above illnesses • A member of your household is diagnosed with
any of the above illnesses • A member of your household is attending or
working in a setting that is experiencing a confirmed outbreak of the above illnesses
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**Remember – sick workers can contaminate food and make others sick.**
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Other Policies• When handling food,
never: Smoke Chew gum Eat food
• You can drink from a covered container with a straw Store on a non-food
prep surface
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ActivityFood Handler -- Right or Wrong?
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Food Handler -- Right or Wrong?
Wrong • Worker is wearing a
dirty apron that has meat juice and other debris on it
• Worker also has long loose sleeves which could collect debris as well as catch on fire
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Food Handler -- Right or Wrong?
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Right • Worker wearing a visor
while handling food• Worker is using a utensil
to dispense food so there is no bare-hand contact between her and the food
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Food Handler -- Right or Wrong?
Wrong • Smoking is not
permitted in food production areas
• Many schools are smoke-free campuses
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Food Handler -- Right or Wrong?
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Wrong • An employee may drink
from a closed beverage container
• The drink must be stored in a location away from food production and dishwashing
• Designate one area where workers can drink their beverages
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Pages 4-6
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Purchasing and ReceivingPurchasing from approved,
reputable suppliers
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Inspect before You Accept• Spot check delivery
vehicles for cleanliness and proper temperature control
• Inspect foods to minimize the risk for foodborne illness and liability
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Are these acceptable?
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How about this can?
Straight sides
Undented seams Flat ends which curve slightly inwards
Choose a can that has these features:
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Workbook TableCriteria for Accepting or
Rejecting a Food Delivery
HACCP In Your School Manual
Pages 7-8
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Page 9
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StoragePreventing cross contamination
Controlling time and temperature
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Temperature of storage units• Refrigeration
Must keep food at 41°F or colder Air temperature should be 39°F or colder
• Freezer Must keep food at 0°F or colder Air temperature should be 0°F or colder Keep floors dry and clean
• Dry storage Best if temperature is between 50°F and 70°F Humidity level should be between 50% and 60%
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Storage of cleaning chemicals• Improperly stored
chemicals can possibly contaminate food
• Store separate from food, equipment, utensils, linen, and single-service and single-use items
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First In, First Out (FIFO)• Past-dated foods will lose their quality and
sometimes become unsafe• FIFO ensures proper rotation of foods in storage• When foods are received, put the oldest in the
front and the newest in the back• Identify package date, preparation date, or date of
purchase. Mark with Month/Year before products are placed in storage
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Cross-contamination in Storage
• Bacteria can be transferred from one food to another if food is not properly stored
• Properly cover foods except while hot food is being cooled
• Store raw food below cooked or ready-to-eat food
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ActivityStorage – Right or Wrong?
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Storage – Right or Wrong?
Wrong• The wooden shelves
can be used only if properly painted
• All storage shelves must be smooth and easily cleanable
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Storage – Right or Wrong?
Wrong• Not allowed to use
cloth to cover foods • Cloth is absorbent • All covering materials
must be smooth, easily cleanable, and non-absorbent
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Storage – Right or Wrong?
Wrong• Do not store raw
meats above fresh produce items
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Storage – Right or Wrong?
Wrong • Chemicals should not
be stored with foods• Chemicals must be
completely separated from food items
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Workbook Table Storage Temperature
for Select Foods HACCP In Your School Manual
Page 12
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Storage Containers• Food that is removed from
its original package must be stored in a durable storage container
• All containers must be food-grade
• The container must be identified with the common name of the food unless it is unmistakably recognized
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Date Marking
Pre-prepared foods • Can be frozen for up to 4
weeks– Cooked ground beef,
spaghetti sauce
① Pre-prepared Name of Food
② Amount
③ Date and time item was prepared
Leftovers• Can be refrigerated for up to
3 days– Pot of soup, hot dog chili,
pre-portioned cheese containers
① Leftover Name of Food
② Amount
③ Date to be used by OR the date of preparation
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Workbook Table Shelf-life for Opened
Commercially Processed Ingredients
HACCP In Your School Manual
Page 13
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Date Marking
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Shelf-life for Opened Commercially Processed Ingredients
Cottage cheese 1 week
Processed cheese 1 month
Mayonnaise 2 months
Salad dressing 3 months
Margarine 4-5 months
Mustard 6-8 months
Catsup 12 months
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Pages 15-18
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ThermometersControlling time and temperature
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Thermometers
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Checking Your Thermometer• Check the accuracy of all
food thermometers: At least once a day Every time it is dropped After being exposed to
extreme temperatures• Methods to check the
accuracy: Boiling water method Ice-point method
• If not correct, calibrate
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Calibration Boiling Water Method
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Calibration Ice-Point Method
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“Looking does not guarantee proper cooking.”
Measure the temperatures of food during cooking, holding, and when leftover
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Measuring Food Temperatures• Use an approved thermometer• Locate the sensing portion of the thermometer• Clean and sanitize the probe before use• Insert the sensing portion of the thermometer into
the thickest part or into the center of the food
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Cleaning and Sanitizing Thermometers
• Cleaned and sanitized before use
• If only measuring the temperature of ready-to-eat food, the probe or stem only needs to be cleaned between uses
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Page 20
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PreparationPreventing cross contamination
Controlling time and temperature
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Thawing• Improperly thawed food can support the growth of
bacteria• Safe methods of thawing are:
① In the refrigerator (best way)
② During cooking
③ In the microwave oven followed by cooking
④ Under cold, running water
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Avoid Foodborne Illness during the Holidays 11/18/2009
• Thawing– 3-5 days in refrigerator– Leave in original
package and place in a pan
• Undercooking– Tip-sensitive digital
thermometer reading 165°F • Check multiple spots
• Leftovers– Refrigerate leftover
turkey within 2 hours of taking out of oven
– Cooled to 41°F quickly– Slice up leftover and
put in 1 quart resealable bags and laying flat in refrigerator
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Color is not an indicator of doneness
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Washing Produce• Wash raw fruits and vegetables in water before:
Cutting Combining with other ingredients Cooking Serving Offering for immediate
consumption
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Poor personal hygiene
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Salmonellosis transferred to delicatessen workers 6/24/2010
• 27 cases in rural MN• Two staff members
were carrying the exact outbreak strain but were asymptomatic
• Salmonella-positive employee reported having chickens at home
• Wash hands with soap after handling chickens or reptiles and their feces
• Practice good personal hygiene
• Don’t use the same knife or cutting board for raw chicken and RTE foods
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Workbook Table Cooking Temperatures for Several Food Items
HACCP In Your School Manual
Page 22
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Cooking Temperatures
Food Minimum Temperature
Poultry including ground chicken and turkey
165oF
Stuffing, stuffed foods, and casseroles 165oF
Ground meats and eggs (hot-held) 155oF
Pork, beef, veal, lamb, and fish (fillets) 145oF
Commercially processed foods 135oF
Cooked plant foods 135oF
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Inadequate cooking
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Woman paralyzed linked to grilled burger 11/5/2009
• 22 yr old woman with painful cramps - stomach virus
• Then developed bloody diarrhea, kidney failure and seizures
• Doctors induced a coma lasting 9 weeks
• Grilled burger from Mom’s Sunday dinner
• Cook all ground beef to 155°F for 15 sec
• Clean and sanitize all surfaces where ground beef items were prepared
• Wash and dry hands after handling ground beef
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Microwave Cooking• All raw animal foods must be:
Rotated or stirred during cooking Covered to retain surface moisture Heated to at least 165°F Allowed to stand covered for two minutes after cooking
• Raw animal foods include: Meat, fish, poultry, and eggs that have not been
processed
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ActivityWhat’s My Cooking Temperature?
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What’s My Cooking Temperature?
Beef patty
Chicken breast
155oF or hotter for 15 seconds
165oF or hotter for 15 seconds
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What’s My Cooking Temperature?
Scrambled eggs
Steamed rice
155oF or hotter for 15 seconds
135oF or hotter for 15 seconds
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What’s My Cooking Temperature?
Commercially processed
fish sticks
Commercially processed pizza
135oF or hotter for 15 seconds
135oF or hotter for 15 seconds
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Cooling TCS Foods
• Properly cool TCS food by:① Reducing quantity to
smaller container
② Using an ice water bath
③ Putting food into a blast chiller
④ Stirring
• Cool cooked food within four hours from 135°F to 41°F or colder
OR• Cool cooked food within
two hours from 135°F to 70°F or colder and then from from 70°F to 41°F or colder within an additional 4 hours
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Improper holding temperature
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Clostridium perfringens at political event in SC 7/11/2009
• 30 people sickened– Myrtle Beach
convention center• Menu of BBQ pork,
coleslaw, baked beans, rolls, and dessert prepared 15 miles away and reheated onsite
• Improper cooling is suspected as the cause
• Cool foods properly– Refrigerate before they
reach 120°F• Do not cross
contaminate during cooling
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Cooling TCS FoodsDocument on the daily log
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Cooling – Room Temperature Foods
• Cool TCS food made from ingredients that are at room temperature (such as canned tuna) within 4 hours to 41°F or colder
• It is best to pre-chill ingredients and utensils
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Five Safe Cooling Methods① Place food in shallow pans or separate into
smaller or thinner portions and put into a refrigerator
② Use rapid cooling equipment, such as a blast chiller
③ Place the container of hot food in an ice water bath and stir
④ Add ice as an ingredient
⑤ Stir hot food with a cooling paddle
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Cooling – Smaller Portions
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Cooling – Ice Water Bath
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Cooling – Ice as an Ingredient
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Cooling – Ice Paddles
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Reheating Foods• Reheat all TCS food that is cooked and cooled to
at least 165°F for 15 seconds• Reheat TCS food in a microwave oven for hot
holding to at least 165°F• The total time to reheat a food must not exceed
more than two hours• Never use hot holding equipment to reheat TCS
foods
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Page 24-25
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ServiceControlling time and temperature
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Holding Temperatures• Keep food at proper
temperatures• Improper holding of
food can cause foodborne illness Cold-holding – 41°F or
colder Hot-holding – 135°F or
hotter
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ActivityService – Right or Wrong?
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Service – Right or Wrong?
106
Right • Serving pizza with
single-use gloves • The gloves must be
non-latex gloves
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Service – Right or Wrong?
107
Right • Serving sauce with
single-use gloves• The gloves must be
non-latex gloves
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Re-serving Food• Once food touches the student's tray it has been
served• Only packaged foods can be re-covered and re-
served if the student has not passed the cashier• Packaged foods are those such as:
Packaged cookies Cartons of milk Ice cream bars Juice boxes
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Pages 28-29
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SanitationPreventing cross contamination
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Cleaning• Cleaning is the
process of removing food and other soils
• Cleaning agents: Detergents Solvent cleaners Acid cleaners Abrasive cleaners
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Sanitizing• Sanitizing is the process of reducing the number
of microorganisms that are on a properly cleaned surface to a safe level
• Sanitizing agents only work on properly cleaned and rinsed surfaces
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How this process works① Washing helps loosen soils and other organic
matter from the surface
② Detergent and scrubbing also helps break the adhesion of microorganisms to the surface
113Iowa State University Extension, June 2011
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How this process works③ Rinsing removes loosened soil and detergent
from the surface This step is important because organic material and
detergent can bind up sanitizer making it less effective
114Iowa State University Extension, June 2011
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How this process works④ Applying the sanitizer to clean surfaces actually
provides a‘kill’ step for reducing the number of microorganisms
115Iowa State University Extension, June 2011
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How this process works⑤ The surface is not completely free of
microorganisms, but the number is greatly reduced
116Iowa State University Extension, June 2011
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Methods for Sanitizing• Heat
Hot water – 171°F or 180°F
• Chemicals Chlorine – 50 ppm Quaternary ammonia – 200 ppm Iodine – 12.5 ppm
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Dish machines• Water pressure must be correct for all dish
machines• High temperature machines
Final sanitizing rinse must be 180°F or hotter Measure water temperature at the manifold
• Chemical sanitizing machines Wash water 120°F or hotter Rinse water 75°F to 120°F Use the recommended sanitizer Follow the manufacturer’s instructions
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Three-compartment sink① Wash: water temperature at least 110°F
② Rinse: water temperature at least 110°F
③ Sanitize: hot water temperature of 171°F to 180°F or chemical solution (at recommended concentration)
④ Air-dry: do not hand dry
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Never mix chemical sanitizers with washing water detergents
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Measuring Sanitizer Strength• A test kit that
accurately measures the concentration of sanitizing solutions must be available
• The strength of sanitizing solutions must be measured frequently during use
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Food-Contact Surface• A food-contact surface is:
A surface that food normally touches A surface where food might drain, drip, or splash into a
food or onto a surface that normally touches food
• Examples: Utensils, cutting boards, slicers, countertops, storage
bins, baking sheets, and refrigerator shelves
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Cleaning Food Contact Surfaces
• Immersion① Wash with detergent
② Rinse thoroughly
③ Immerse in a properly prepared sanitizing solution
• In-place sanitizing Spray solution
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Cleaning Non-Food Contact Surfaces
• Non-food contact surfaces Exterior of refrigerator, stovetops, and refrigerator
gaskets
• Wash with detergent and rinse but do not need to sanitize
• Keep free of dirt, dust, and debris
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ActivityFood-contact Surface or Not?
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Food-contact Surface or Not?
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Food-contact surface • Cutting boards
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Food-contact Surface or Not?
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Both• The bowl and mixer
attachments are food-contact surfaces
• The base is a non-food-contact surface
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Food-contact Surface or Not?
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Food-contact surface • Deli slicer
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Food-contact Surface or Not?
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Not a food-contact surface
• Exterior surfaces of a refrigerator
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Storing Cleaned and Sanitized Items
• In clean, dry location• Not exposed to splash,
dust, or other contamination
• At least 6 inches above the floor
• In a self-draining position
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Chemicals• Improperly stored chemicals can possibly contaminate
food• Store separate from food, equipment, utensils, linen, and
single-service and single-use items• If removed from their original package, label the container
in which they are stored
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Material Safety Data Sheets• Occupational Safety and Health Agency requires a
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all chemicals• On every MSDS, be familiar with the following
sections: 4.0 Fire and explosion data 5.0 Reactivity data 6.0 Spill or leak procedures 7.0 Health hazard data 8.0 First aid 9.0 Protective measures 10.0 Additional information/precautions
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Material Safety Data Sheet
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Pages 32-33
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This is What Happens When a Fly Lands on Your Food
① Flies can’t eat solid food, so to soften it up they vomit on it
② Next they stamp the vomit until it’s a liquid, usually stamping in a few germs for good measure
③ Next when it’s good and runny, they suck it all up, probably dropping some excrement at the same time
④ Finally when they have finished eating, it’s YOUR TURN!!
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Integrated Pest Management
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Exclusion• Deny pests access to:
Food Shelter
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Insecticide Application• Leave the job to the
professionals• Schools must give 72
hours notice for unscheduled pesticide spraying
• Avoid contaminating food and equipment
• Use baits for ants and cockroaches
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Sanitation• Keep areas clean and
dry• Look for signs of
rodents and cockroaches
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Pest Management• Inspect and date all
deliveries • Discard or return
infested or expired products
• Clean up spills as soon as possible
139
FIRST IN FIRST OUT
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Storage Areas• Keep storage areas
well organized and accessible
• Store flour and similar products in sealable food-grade containers
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Dumpsters, Trash, and Recycle Cans
• Keep area clean • Locate dumpsters
away from doors • Keep lids closed• Use trashcan liners• Empty and clean trash
frequently
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Traps and Baits• Use for insects and
rodents• Check rodent traps
daily• Leave rodent baiting to
outdoor areas and to the professionals
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Label and MSDS
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Record Keeping
• Keep track of pest problems and measures taken to correct those problems
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ActivityWhat’s Wrong With This Picture?
145
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What’s Wrong With This Picture?
146
• The lid on this recycling bin should be closed
• Do not overfill trash/recycle bins
• There are items on the ground nearby
• Disposal/recycle areas should be kept clean
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What’s Wrong With This Picture?
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• Exterior doors should close properly to keep out pests
• Use weatherstripping if necessary
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What’s Wrong With This Picture?
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• When possible, remove stored goods from boxes
• Inspect all deliveries • Mark stock with the
date of delivery • Practice FIFO • Keep shelves arranged
neatly so they can be inspected
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What’s Wrong With This Picture?
• Trash cans (right) do not have lids (rodent problems are likely)
• Keep recycling bins and area clean
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• Clean floor drains• Do not leave food
debris overnight (attracts cockroaches)
• Clean floors and do not leave water pooled on floor
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
150
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• Empty mop pails nightly
• Hang mops to dry overnight
• Keep custodial areas clean
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
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• Pesticides (red spray can) should not be in areas where food is prepared
• Store pesticides in a separate Chemical Storage area
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
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• Junk around dumpster will attract rodents and other pests
• Pesticides (white jug) should not be left outside
• Store pesticides in a separate chemical storage area
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
153
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• Seal/repair gaps and other openings that allow pests to enter
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
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Application ExercisesHACCP In Your School Manual
Page 36
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What causes foodborne illness?
156
1. Food from unsafe source2. Inadequate cooking
3. Improper holding temperature
4. Contaminated equipment
5. Poor personal hygiene
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Acknowledgments
• Food Safety and HACCP Information Prepared by: Angela M. Fraser, Ph.D., Clemson University, 2006 Benjamin Chapman, Ph.D., NCSU, 2011 Audrey Kreske, Ph.D., NCSU, 2011
• Pest Control Information Prepared by: Michael Waldvogel, Ph.D., NCSU, 2006
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