1 history of chruch
DESCRIPTION
ÂTRANSCRIPT
Foundations of Faith: What Orthodox Christians Believe
Fullness of Apostolic Faith
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Foundation of Faith
Course Outline
Introductions
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Orthodox Church MaintainsFullness of Apostolic Faith
1. Unbroken historical continuity.
2. Maintained the Apostolic Faith.
3. Maintained the Tradition with worship directed toward Trinitarian God.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Fullness of Apostolic Faith
1. Unbroken historical continuity with Original Church founded by Jesus Christ.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Fullness of Apostolic Faith
History begins with beginning of Time
Creation
Fall
Incarnation - Birth of Jesus Christ
Crucifixion & Resurrection - Victory over Death
Establishment of Earthly Church
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Historical JesusExistence of Jesus is a proven historical fact! Roman historian Tactius 100AD and Jewish historian Josephus born in AD 37 describes Him as follows:Now there was about this time, Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to ca! him a man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to Him both many of the Jews, and many of the Gentiles. He is Christ; and when Pilate, at the su$estion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at first did not forsake him, for he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him; and the tribe of Christians so named a&er him, are not extinct to this day.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Historical JesusBible contains most of what we know about Jesus.
Contains eye witness accounts
Where did the Bible come from?
The Church produced the Bible and still uses it in the original Greek. It has never been changed or translated.
How do we know that it has not been changed over the years?
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Historical Jesus - BibleBooks contained in the New Testament were probably written between Ad 40 and 100.There exist full manuscripts dating as early as 350 which is about the time the Church officially compiled the New Testament in 367.There are papyri containing most of the New Testament from the third century.There is a fragment of John’s Gospel from AD 139.There are over 5000 Greek Manuscripts, over 10,000 Latin Manuscripts, and 9300 other manuscripts. and over 36,000 citing in the writings of the early church fathers.There is no doubt about the authenticity and integrity of the books of the New Testament!
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Historical JesusWhat do we Know about Him from these texts?:
Miraculous birth from a holy virgin woman, Mary.Was Christ, the Son of God, fully divine and fully human. Transformed human nature and showed how to live in union with God - to love God and our neighbor.Showed his mercy - performed many miracles. Came for our healing and restoration of our created nature. Fulfilled over three hundred Old Testament prophecies.Suffered and was crucified and then Resurrected - victorious over death.Ascended into Heaven.Sent the Holy Spirit and His Apostles were transformed and began converting thousands establishing the Church.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Historical Jesus
No doubt aboutHis historical existenceHis virgin birth - became fully human and fully GodHis teaching - Love of God and NeighborHis death by Crucifixion and Resurrection - victory over deathEstablishment of His Church by His Apostles.
Orthodoxy holds these truths in their fullest.
The Bottom Line: Our Faith
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
The Beginnings
What happened on Pentecost?Beginning of the Church
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Acts 2 - PentecostSuddenly there came a sound 'om heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it fi!ed
the whole house where they were sitting.There appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them.
And they were a! filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues
Then they were a! amazed and marveled, saying to one another, “Look, are not a! these who speak Galileans? And how is it that we hear, each in our own language in which we were born?
Peter spoke, ...being exalted to the right hand of God, and having received 'om the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, He poured out this which you now see and hear.
“Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you sha! receive the gi& of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is to you and to your children, and to a! who are afar off, as many as the Lord our God wi! ca!.”
Then those who gladly received his word were baptized; and that day about three thousand souls were added to them.
And the Lord added to the church daily those who were being saved.Wednesday, January 28, 2009
The Beginnings
Where was first Church?Persecution led to spread of Faith - Saint Stephen the 1st of many martyrs.
Jews and Gentiles become ChristiansApostles head Missions & face Martyrdom.
The Early Church - Foundation
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Confession of FaithMy soul like the spiritual bride of Christ is foretasting the Heavenly Kingdom, that the Holy God has prepared “to those that love” and it will be perfected in His Second and Glorious Coming and the final judgment of the living and the dead. My deification shakes my whole being, and makes me to live on earth like a man, but to act like a god. This is my Orthodox Faith. The Faith of my Forefathers, Fathers, Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Preachers, Evangelists, Confessors, Martyrs and every spirit perfected in faith. This is the Faith that I confess and preach to all and forever and I will fight by the grace of God, to uphold undefiled and right until the end. I open my heart and my hands to a warm embrace to all the schismatics and heterodox my brothers, that want to come to Orthodoxy and I pray for them. I will not though permit to anyone ever, according to my ability, to alter or tear the unwoven garment of my Church. You, my Lord Jesus gave your precious Blood for her. Here, I am ready, give me Your grace to defend her. Light the fire of my humble soul for the Cross and the martyrdom. Amen.Paracletos Monastery
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Ec cle si´a means “to Gather”
Images of Church from New Testament
Vineyard (John 15:1-8)
Shepherd and the flock (John 10:1-16)
Head and the Body of Christ (Eph 1:22-23)
A building under construction (Eph 2:19-22)
A house or family (1Tim 3:15)
Church is not a human-made institution.Not a building. Not a set of rules.A living relationship with Christ.
The Ecclesia
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church - Our Spiritual Home
Where we heal spiritually to be in communion with God.Christ is the Head, Founder, Foundation and Chief Priest.The Body of Christ. “In Him we live.”(Acts 17:28)
Christ sent Holy Spirit and promised it would remain with them forever and after the Resurrection. It unites us with Christ & lives in us through the sacraments. It is active and alive in Orthodox ChurchWe participate in the Church (Ecclesia) for our spiritual healing.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Jesus did not specify that the Church be organized as the Roman empire.that they a! may be one, as You, Father, are in Me, and I in You; that they also may be one in Us, that the world may believe that You sent Me. And the glory which You gave Me I have given them, that they may be one just as We are one: I in them, and You in Me; that they may be made perfect in one, and that the world may know that You have sent Me, and have loved them as You have loved Me. (John 17:21-23)
Church is an act of communion.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church Hierarchy established by Christ through His Apostles
All are equal before the judgment of God.This hierarchy was established by Jesus Christ.
He gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the Body of Christ: ti! we a! come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fu!ness of Christ (Eph 4:11-13)
No one can take upon himself the hierarchal ministry Only one who is called and lawfully placed through the Mystery of Ordination. No man taketh this honor unto himself, but that is ca!ed of God, as was Aaron. (Heb 5:4)
Apostolic successionWednesday, January 28, 2009
Hierarchy
Ecumenical Council
Bishop
PresbytersDeacons
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Councils of the Church
How did Apostles resolve their disputes?When the Apostles needed to resolve a dispute about circumcision of the Gentiles, the Apostles gathered in a Council in Jerusalem (Acts 15)
In Council the Holy Spirit gave them direction.The decrees of this Council were acknowledged as obligatory for the whole church. (Acts 16:4). They established an example of conciliar resolution of important questions in the Church for all times.The council of bishops is highest authority in the Church.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
HierarchyThe Apostles placed Bishops as their immediate successors and Presbyters as helpers of the bishops. Presbyters (literally elders) both in Apostolic times and all subsequent time the second degree of the hierarchy.Apostle James tells us that presbyters perform the Church’s sacred rites, and that in the early church there could by several presbyters in each community.Is any sick among you? Let him ca! for the elders (presbyters) of the Church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. (James 5:14)
Metropolitan AlexiosMetropolis of Atlanta
Father Tom PistolisPresbyter
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
HierarchyThird hierarchal degree is the deacon.Seven in number where chosen by the community in Jerusalem and ordained by the Apostles.Their first assignment was to help the Apostles in practical, secondary activity: The were entrusted to “serve tables” to give out food, and be concerned for the widows.Deacons were appointed by bishops (1 Tim 3:8-13)Justin Martyr (150A.D.) writes: Those called deacons among us give to each of those present communion of the Bread upon which has been performed the Thanksgiving (Eucharist) and of the Wine and the Water, and they carry them out to those who are absent.”
Saint Stephen
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
33Pentecost
69
Bishop
Ignatius
consecrated
in Antioch
150
Justin Martyr
describes liturgy
325
1st
Ecumenical
Council and
the Nicene
Creed
397
Synod of
Carthage
ratifies Biblical
Canon
451
Council of
Chalcedon
589
Filioque added
to Nicene creed
by Synod in
Spain and later
adopted by Ro-
man Church
787
Icons approved
at seventh Ecu-
menical council
880
The Photian
Schism
988
Conversion
of Russia
begins
1054
Great Schism
CRUSADES
1204
Sack of
Constantinople
by Crusaders
1333
Gregory Palamas
defends Ortho-
dox spirituality
1453
Turks overrun
Constantinople
1768
Arrival of
the first Greeks in
US.
1794
Rusian
Mis-
sionaries
arrive at
Kodiak
Island
Alaska
1864
1st Greek
Orthodox
church es-
tablished in
New Orleans
Luther’s
95 Theses.
Reforma-
tion begins
1517
Church of
England
1529
1854
Dogma of
Immaculate
conception
1870
Dogma of
Papal Infal-
ibility
A Time Line of Church History
1095
1291
Apostalic Age Byzantine Empire
1921
Greek
Orthodox
archdiocese
established
in US.
1993
Con-
struction
begins on
Cathedral
in Green-
ville.
1832
Greece
recognized
a Free
Country -
Treaty of
Constanti-
nople
Find this chart in your class materials
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
33Pentecost
69
Bishop
Ignatius
consecrated
in Antioch
150
Justin Martyr
describes liturgy
325
1st
Ecumenical
Council and
the Nicene
Creed
397
Synod of
Carthage
ratifies Biblical
Canon
451
Council of
Chalcedon
589
Filioque added
to Nicene creed
by Synod in
Spain and later
adopted by Ro-
man Church
787
Icons approved
at seventh Ecu-
menical council
880
The Photian
Schism
988
Conversion
of Russia
begins
1054
Great Schism
CRUSADES
1204
Sack of
Constantinople
by Crusaders
1333
Gregory Palamas
defends Ortho-
dox spirituality
1453
Turks overrun
Constantinople
1768
Arrival of
the first Greeks in
US.
1794
Rusian
Mis-
sionaries
arrive at
Kodiak
Island
Alaska
1864
1st Greek
Orthodox
church es-
tablished in
New Orleans
Luther’s
95 Theses.
Reforma-
tion begins
1517
Church of
England
1529
1854
Dogma of
Immaculate
conception
1870
Dogma of
Papal Infal-
ibility
A Time Line of Church History
1095
1291
Apostalic Age Byzantine Empire
1921
Greek
Orthodox
archdiocese
established
in US.
1993
Con-
struction
begins on
Cathedral
in Green-
ville.
1832
Greece
recognized
a Free
Country -
Treaty of
Constanti-
nople
LIBERATION& CREED
Liberation from Persecution
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Constantine's Great Accomplishments
Edict of Milan (313)Constantine and LiciniusToleration of Faith
Establishment of Constantinople as 2nd capital
Inauguration of city - 330No pagan rites - Center of Orthodoxy
Calling the 1st Ecumenical Council of the Church
Establishment of An Imperial church
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Significance of Ecumenical Councils
Defend and clarify the beliefs of Church: Purpose was to aid in our spiritual healing and to protect from heresy.Affirm the Basic Faith of Christianity - To restore proper relationship between man and God, broken by sin, God sends His Son who redeems man from sin and death for the purpose of deification - theosis.Each Council protected the doctrine of Incarnation - Christ as fully God and fully Human.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Nicene Creed
Outcome of the first two Ecumenical Councils
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of 7 Councils
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Nicea - 325
Arius condemned - the Son of God not true God but a created being.
Christ is one in essence with the Father.
Canons - Established the Four Patriarchates.
1st Ecumenical Council
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Constantinople - 381Doctrine of the trinity affirmed - Holy Spirit proceeds from Father.Athanasius & Cappadocians - Gregory Nazianzus, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa supported the Orthodox Doctrine.3rd Canon - Constantinople 2nd in honor after “Old Rome”
2nd Ecumenical Council
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven
Ephesus - 431
Nestorius - divided Jesus Christ’s Manhood and Divinity so much that 2 persons resulted (Antiochian School) “Christotokos”
Cyril of Alexandria emphasized unity of Christ. “Theotokos” God and man in one person (hypostasis)
Mary confirmed as The Mother of God - Theotokos
3rd Ecumenical Council
Church of Mary in Ephesus
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Calcedon - 451Tome of Leo the Great - Two natures (phuseis), in one hypostasis (Person)affirming the divine and Human nature of Christ.Confirmed Constantinople 2nd in honor. Pentarchy of Patriarchates - division of Christianity into spheres of jurisdiction.All bishops equal
Bishop of Rome - primacy of honor, not supremacy in external power and jurisdiction
4th Ecumenical Council
St. Leo I, was Bishop of Rome from the years 440 to 461 A.D.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Constantinople - 553
Reaffirmation of Chalcedon
5th Ecumenical Council
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Constantinople - 680-1
Condemned Monotheleticism - Christ, having two natures, but being one person has only one will, the divine.
Since Christ has two natures He has two wills. This, so that full humanity and full divinity is not impaired.Why would this be important?
6th Ecumenical Council
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of the Seven Councils
Iconoclasts (icon-breakers) sought destruction of icons as latent idolatry - strong in Asia Minor.Iconodules (icon-servers) saw icons dogmatic as well as liturgical issues.Began by Emperor Leo III - 780
7th Ecumenical Council - Nicea 787, taught honor and reverence for icons.
Iconoclastic Controversy
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Church of Seven Councils
Councils keep Christians on trackNot defining God but clarifying who God was not.
Constantly defending the incarnate God as both human and divine.
As we will see this is important for the salvific nature of Christ.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
33Pentecost
69
Bishop
Ignatius
consecrated
in Antioch
150
Justin Martyr
describes liturgy
325
1st
Ecumenical
Council and
the Nicene
Creed
397
Synod of
Carthage
ratifies Biblical
Canon
451
Council of
Chalcedon
589
Filioque added
to Nicene creed
by Synod in
Spain and later
adopted by Ro-
man Church
787
Icons approved
at seventh Ecu-
menical council
880
The Photian
Schism
988
Conversion
of Russia
begins
1054
Great Schism
CRUSADES
1204
Sack of
Constantinople
by Crusaders
1333
Gregory Palamas
defends Ortho-
dox spirituality
1453
Turks overrun
Constantinople
1768
Arrival of
the first Greeks in
US.
1794
Rusian
Mis-
sionaries
arrive at
Kodiak
Island
Alaska
1864
1st Greek
Orthodox
church es-
tablished in
New Orleans
Luther’s
95 Theses.
Reforma-
tion begins
1517
Church of
England
1529
1854
Dogma of
Immaculate
conception
1870
Dogma of
Papal Infal-
ibility
A Time Line of Church History
1095
1291
Apostalic Age Byzantine Empire
1921
Greek
Orthodox
archdiocese
established
in US.
1993
Con-
struction
begins on
Cathedral
in Green-
ville.
1832
Greece
recognized
a Free
Country -
Treaty of
Constanti-
nople
GREATSCHISMLIBERATION
Great Schism
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054
What caused the split of the Church between east and West?
Many causes but doctrinal was primaryA long period of estrangement preceded
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054
Christianity first spread in the Roman Empire of East and West
Many groups but one EmpireBroad Greco-Roman civilizationGreek and Latin common languages to all.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054Cultural unity was slowly lost.
Political unity first lost - Old versus New RomeBarbarian invasions beginning in 5th century Rise of Islam - Mediterranean was largely under their control.Greek was forgotten in West, Latin forgotten in the East. Scholars used different sources.Holy Roman Empire established in the West 800AD under Charlemagne.Western Roman Empire anti-Greek - led to development of separate Christian culture, with little in common.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054Direct Theological Conflict - Filioque
Filioque (“and the Son”) added to the creed regarding the procession of the Holy Spirit began in Spain officially at Council of Toledo 589.808 Leo III had Creed without Filioque inscribed at Saint Peter’s Cathedral. Support for use grew in West.
Orthodox Objections:Innovative arbitrary change breaking Church unity - no one party has right to change Creed.Filioque is technically unsound - heretical -
Destroys correct understanding of the TrinityLeads to false understanding of Spirit and Church.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054
Other issues of conflict
Celibacy of clergy in west - married Priests in East
Different rules and understanding of Fasting
Unleavened bread in communion in West; leavened bread in East.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Schism of 1054
1054 Pope Leo IX sent delegation to Constantinople to work out differences.
Negotiations break down
Delegation places bull of excommunication on altar at Saint Sofia based on omission of filioque .
However friendly relations remained. Average Christian was not aware of the separation.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Estrangement to Schism
First Crusade bloody success militarily.Antioch 1098: Jerusalem 1099Latin Patriarchs set up. This left two Patriarchs in Jerusalem and Antioch.Fourth Crusade 1204. Crusaders originally bound for Egypt turned aside, sacked Constantinople; Systematic acts of sacrilege.
Crusades - “Frank Invasions”
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
33Pentecost
69
Bishop
Ignatius
consecrated
in Antioch
150
Justin Martyr
describes liturgy
325
1st
Ecumenical
Council and
the Nicene
Creed
397
Synod of
Carthage
ratifies Biblical
Canon
451
Council of
Chalcedon
589
Filioque added
to Nicene creed
by Synod in
Spain and later
adopted by Ro-
man Church
787
Icons approved
at seventh Ecu-
menical council
880
The Photian
Schism
988
Conversion
of Russia
begins
1054
Great Schism
CRUSADES
1204
Sack of
Constantinople
by Crusaders
1333
Gregory Palamas
defends Ortho-
dox spirituality
1453
Turks overrun
Constantinople
1768
Arrival of
the first Greeks in
US.
1794
Rusian
Mis-
sionaries
arrive at
Kodiak
Island
Alaska
1864
1st Greek
Orthodox
church es-
tablished in
New Orleans
Luther’s
95 Theses.
Reforma-
tion begins
1517
Church of
England
1529
1854
Dogma of
Immaculate
conception
1870
Dogma of
Papal Infal-
ibility
A Time Line of Church History
1095
1291
Apostalic Age Byzantine Empire
1921
Greek
Orthodox
archdiocese
established
in US.
1993
Con-
struction
begins on
Cathedral
in Green-
ville.
1832
Greece
recognized
a Free
Country -
Treaty of
Constanti-
nople
REFORMATION
LIBERATION GREAT SCHISM
Reformation
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Reformation - 16th CenturyOrthodox Church not involved in the issues surrounding the Reformation.Initiated due to indulgences as penance & and appointment of individuals to positions in Church based on financial contributions.Led to rejection of Tradition and reliance only on Scripture “Sola Scriptura”.Innovative doctrines introduced such as salvation by “faith only.”Led to thousands of branches due to different interpretations of Scripture.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
33Pentecost
69
Bishop
Ignatius
consecrated
in Antioch
150
Justin Martyr
describes liturgy
325
1st
Ecumenical
Council and
the Nicene
Creed
397
Synod of
Carthage
ratifies Biblical
Canon
451
Council of
Chalcedon
589
Filioque added
to Nicene creed
by Synod in
Spain and later
adopted by Ro-
man Church
787
Icons approved
at seventh Ecu-
menical council
880
The Photian
Schism
988
Conversion
of Russia
begins
1054
Great Schism
CRUSADES
1204
Sack of
Constantinople
by Crusaders
1333
Gregory Palamas
defends Ortho-
dox spirituality
1453
Turks overrun
Constantinople
1768
Arrival of
the first Greeks in
US.
1794
Rusian
Mis-
sionaries
arrive at
Kodiak
Island
Alaska
1864
1st Greek
Orthodox
church es-
tablished in
New Orleans
Luther’s
95 Theses.
Reforma-
tion begins
1517
Church of
England
1529
1854
Dogma of
Immaculate
conception
1870
Dogma of
Papal Infal-
ibility
A Time Line of Church History
1095
1291
Apostalic Age Byzantine Empire
1921
Greek
Orthodox
archdiocese
established
in US.
1993
Con-
struction
begins on
Cathedral
in Green-
ville.
1832
Greece
recognized
a Free
Country -
Treaty of
Constanti-
nople
Find this chart in your class materials
REFORMATION
LIBERATION GREAT SCHISM
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
The Original Christian Community
Primarily Greek Speaking
Orthodox
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Greek World Prepared The Way For The Spread of Christianity
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Fullness of Apostolic Faith2. Church faithfully maintained the Apostolic Faith
Apostolic succession - Saint Andrew
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew - 270th
Church of the Seven Councils
Roman Church introduced numerous innovations
Protestant churches regularly change teachingsNow over 38,000 Christian denominations
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Fullness of Apostolic Faith3. Faithfully maintains the Tradition with worship directed toward Trinitarian God
Early Church adopted Jewish Liturgical Day with set times of prayer and a yearly calendar of fasts and feasts.
Worship is a sacrifice directed towards God.Not congregation centered where clergy minister to the people rather to God.
Liturgical form can be traced back to 2nd century.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Fullness of Apostolic Faith
Christ historical figure fulfilling OT propheciesOrthodox Church has historical Apostolic continuitySound unchanging doctrine - Church of 7 CouncilsWithstood Islamic occupation and Communist oppression - Cannot be suppressed Church is Body of Christ & as members we become part of HimChurch and its sacraments are for our healingChurch honored and trusted as a most precious gift.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Wednesday, January 28, 2009