1 how did this happen? wolf ----------------------> poodle
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
How did this happen?
Wolf ----------------------> Poodle
![Page 2: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Types of Theories
Wolf ----------------------> Poodle
![Page 3: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution (WRONG!)Idea called Law
of Use and Disuse
If a body part were used, it got stronger
If body part NOT used, it disappeared.
![Page 4: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Inheritance Of Acquired Traits Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime
Would Be Passed To Offspring
Clipped ears of dogs would be passed to offspring!
![Page 5: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Gradualism:
Long time Long time scale events scale events
that gradually that gradually create and create and destroy destroy species.species.
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin
![Page 6: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Short periods of time with “rapid” leaps in evolution. Usually after a major extinction event.Steven Gould
Punctuated Equilibriu
m:
![Page 7: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Parallel Evolution:
Different Animals On Different Continents But Similar Adaptations To Shared Environments
![Page 8: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Changes in Allele Frequency
how traits were inherited (Traits are passed through genes)
Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life
Change Through Mutation Occurs Before An Organism Is Born
![Page 9: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
EvolutionDiversity of Life
![Page 10: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
History of Evolutionary Thought
![Page 11: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
:
Contributor’s to Darwin’s thinking included:
• John Baptiste Lamarck – Inheritance of acquired Characteristics and Law of Use and Disuse
• Alfred Russel Wallace – organisms evolved from common ancestors
![Page 12: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Hutton’s Theory of Geological Change
Changes in Earth’s crust due to slow continuous processes
Ideas Known as Uniformitism and Gradualism based on fossil record
![Page 13: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Principles of Geology
Provides evidence to support evolution of life
Explained Geological Processes That Shaped The Earth
Helped Darwin Understand Sea Shells In The Andes Mountains At 12,000+ Feet Expanded Earth’s Age to billions of
years
![Page 14: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Charles Darwin the Naturalist
![Page 16: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Charles Darwin Born Feb. 12, 1809 Joined Crew of HMS
Beagle, 1831 Trained in Theology
and a Naturalist 5 Year Voyage around
world Avid Collector of Flora
& Fauna Astounded By Variety
of Life
![Page 17: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
HMS Beagle’s Voyage
![Page 18: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Galapagos Tortoises
![Page 19: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Darwin’s Observations
Both Living Organisms & Fossils collected
Fossils included:TrilobitesGiant Ground Sloth of South AmericaThis species NO longer existed.This species NO longer existed.
What had happened to them?What had happened to them?
![Page 21: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Evidence for Evolution – The Fossil RecordEvidence for Evolution – The Fossil Record
![Page 22: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Evolution Principles
What Pressures Cause Evolution ?
![Page 23: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Definition
• Evolution is the gradual change in a population of organisms over time
![Page 24: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
1. Overproduction:
- More offspring produced than needed.
- Only a small fraction of offspring survive and reproduce.
![Page 25: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
2. Competition:
- food, water, space and mates are limited
- Competition within the species and with other species
![Page 26: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
3. Variation
- There is variation within populations.
- Individuals of a population vary in their genetic traits.
- No two individuals are exactly alike.
![Page 27: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
4. Adaptations
Because of variations some individuals are better adapted to survive in their environment
“Survival of the Fittest”
![Page 28: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Adaptations
Those that survive and reproduce have the fittest genetic variations.
![Page 29: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29.
5. Natural Selection
Some genetic traits are selected for by environmental conditions.
Those selected for survival live and pass on their beneficial genes.
Others die and genes are lost.
![Page 30: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Extinctions
Some species disappear due to a catastrophic event in nature (humans, asteroid, earthquake…)
![Page 31: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
6. Speciation• Over time favorable adaptations
gradually accumulate in a species and unfavorable ones disappear.
• Eventually the accumulated changes result in a new species.
Common Descent with Modification
![Page 32: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Genes create evolution!
The mutation or combination of alleles has to already be there by chance.
Populations do not decide to adapt or mutate after an environmental change
Only beneficial mutations lead to evolution!
![Page 33: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
What Kinds of Evidence are Used to Study Evolution?
![Page 34: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Selective Breeding
Artificial SelectionSelective Breeding To Enhance
Desired Traits Among Stock or Crops
Dogs, horses, fruits, corn etc..
![Page 35: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Artificial Selection
![Page 36: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36Yum!
Wild Mustard was artificially selected to become broccoli!
![Page 37: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Natural Selection
Cannot Be Seen DirectlyIt Can Only Be Observed As
Changes In A Population Over Many Successive GenerationsRadiationFossil Record
![Page 38: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Fossil Record
Earth is Billions of Years Old
Fossils In Different Layers of Rock (sedimentary Rock Strata) Showed Evidence Of Gradual Change Over Time.
![Page 39: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Evidence for Evolution – The Fossil RecordEvidence for Evolution – The Fossil Record
![Page 40: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Descent With Modification
![Page 41: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41Similarities in DNA Similarities in DNA SequenceSequence
![Page 42: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Evolution Evolution of of
pesticide pesticide resistancresistanc
e in e in response response
to to selectionselection
![Page 43: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Homologous Body Structures
Structures That Have Different Mature Forms But Develop From The Same Embryonic Tissues
Strong Evidence That All Four-Limbed Animals With Backbones Descended, With Modification, From A Common Ancestor
Help Scientist Group Animals
![Page 44: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Homologous Body Structures
![Page 45: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Similarities In Early Development
Embryo – early stages of vertebrate development
Embryonic Structures Of Different Species Show Significant Similarities
What is similar in the next slide?
![Page 46: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Same stages of embryos
Which one is the Human?
![Page 47: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Same stages of embryos
![Page 48: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Human Fetus (5 weeks) with vestigal structures.
![Page 49: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Chicken
Turtle
Rat
![Page 50: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
One more time for Darwin….
![Page 51: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Darwin's TheoryVariationIndividual Organisms In Nature Differ
From One Another. Some Of This Variation Is Inherited
OverproductionOrganisms In Nature Produce More
Offspring Than Can Survive, And Many Of These Offspring Do No Reproduce
![Page 52: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Darwin's TheoryCompetitionMore Organisms Are Produced Than
Can Survive, Members Of Each Species Must Compete For Limited Resources
AdaptationEach Organism Is Unique, Each Has
Different Advantages & Disadvantages In The Struggle For Existence
![Page 53: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Darwin's Theory
Natural SelectionIndividuals Best Suited To Their
Environment Survive & Reproduce Successfully – Passing Their Traits To Their Offspring.
SpeciationSpecies Change Over Time. Over Long
Periods, Natural Selection Causes Changes That May Eventually Lead To New Species
![Page 54: 1 How did this happen? Wolf ----------------------> Poodle](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051622/56649ea15503460f94ba5134/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Darwin's Theory
Species Alive Today Have Descended With Modifications From Species That Lived In The Past
All Organisms On Earth Are United Into A Single Tree Of Life By Common Descent