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II. Sewer Networks and Facilities

Topic II.3. Sewer Pipes: Kinds, Joints, Foundation.Sewer Network Design

Sewer Pipes Profiles: Normal (b/h 1)

Circular Trapezoidal Square

High (b/h < 1) Egg-shaped Ellipsoidal Oval Horseshoe

Low (b/h > 1) Mouth-shaped Rectangular

Combined

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Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes Profiles:

a - circular

б - egg-shaped (inverted)

b - egg-shaped

г - mouth-shaped

д - square

e - trapezoidal

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Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes Materials:

Concrete, Reinforced concrete, Prestressed concrete

Ceramics

Asbestos cement

Cast iron

Steel

Plastics - PVC, PE, PP, reinforced with fibre-glass

Resins - epoxy resin, reinforced with fibre-glass

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Sewer Pipes

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Sewer Pipes

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Sewer Pipes

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Sewer Pipes

Plastic Pipes

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Sewer Pipes Joints

Reinforced Concrete Pipes1 - putty; 2 - cement putty; 3 - muff; 4 - resin rope

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Sewer Pipes Joints

a - Ceramic pipes; б - Cast iron; b, г - Reinforced concrete1 - plastic gasket; 2, 3, 4 - rubber gasket

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Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on grounds with strength p > 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,6 - 3,5 m

б - on grounds with strength p < 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,8 - 2,5 m

b - on embankments

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Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on saturated (wet) stable grounds; б - on unstable grounds1 - base drainage layer; 2 - concrete pillow; 3 - drainage pipes;

4 - reinforced concrete plate; 5 - piles

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Sewer Pipes Foundation

Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Heel1 - cement coat; 2 - cement layer; 3 - concrete foundation

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Sewer Networks Design

Determination of the Minimal Sewer Pipeline Depth 1 - street regulation line; 2 - the most remote yard manhole

H = h + i(l + L) - (z1 - z2) + D - d

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Sewer Networks Design

Principles of the Sewer Pipes Joininga - water levels alignment; б - pipes inverts alignment; b - pipes bottoms

alignment (at CSO only); г, д - sewer pipe branches joining the mains

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Sewer Networks Design

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Sewer Networks Design

Underground Infrastructure Allocation1 - electricity cables; 2 - telephone cables; 3 - gas pipes; 4 - water supply pipes; 5 - sanitary

sewer pipes; 6 - street inlets; 7 - drainage pipe

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Sewer Networks Design

Installation Gallery

1 - drainage pipe

2 - central heating mains

3 - telephone cables

4 - consoles

5 - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels

6 - concrete foundation

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Sewer Networks Design