1 information system. 2 information system – primary purpose data elementary description of...
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Information System
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Information System – Primary Purpose
Data Elementary description of things, events, activities, and
transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific meeting
Information Data that has been organized so that they have meaning and
value to the recipient
Knowledge Information that has been organized and processed to
convey understanding, experience and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity
Collects data, processes it into information then converts information into knowledge for a specific purpose.
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Activity 1
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Basic component of ISs:
1. Hardware: it’s a set of devices such as processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer.
Together, they accept data and information as an input, process them, and display them as an output.
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Basic component of ISs:
2. Software: it’s a set of programs that instruct the hardware to process data.
3. A database: is a collection of related files, tables, relations, and so on, that stores data and the associations among them.
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Basic component of ISs:
4. A network: is a connecting system that permits the sharing of resources by different computers. It can be wireless.
5. Policies and Procedures: are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components in order to process information and generate the desired output.
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Basic component of ISs:
6. People: are those individuals who work with the system, interface with it, or use its output.
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IS Activities Input of data resources
Data entry activities Processing of data into information
Calculations, comparisons, sorting, and so on
Output of information products Messages, reports, forms, graphic images
Storage of data resources Data elements and databases
Control of system performance Monitoring and evaluating feedback
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Recognizing Information Systems As professional of EMIS, you should be
able to look at an information system and identify… The people, hardware, software, data, and
network resources they use The type of information products they
produce The way they perform input, processing,
output, storage, and control activities
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Major Capabilities of Information Systems
1. Facilitate work in hazardous environments.2. Facilitate interpretation of vast amounts of
data.3. Perform high-speed, high-volume, numerical
computations. 4. Store huge amounts of information in an
easy-to-access, yet small space.5. Provide fast, accurate, and inexpensive
communication within and between organizations.
6. Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide.
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Major Capabilities of Information Systems
7. Enable communication and collaboration anywhere, any time.
8. Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or in several locations.
9. Vividly present information that challenges the human mind.
10. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manually done tasks.
11. Facilitate global trade.12. Can be wireless, thus supporting unique applications
anywhere.13. Accomplish all of the above much less expensively
than when done manually.
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All ISs have a purpose and social context.
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Purpose
A typical purpose is to provide solution to a (business) problem.
Example:To coordinate internal unitsTo collaborateTo improve performance
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Social context
The social context of the system consists of the values and beliefs that determine what is admissible and possible within the culture of the people and groups involved.
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Foundations of Information Systems
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Foundation Concepts
Why study information systems and information technology? Vital component of successful businesses Helps businesses expand and compete Improves efficiency and effectiveness of
business processes Facilitates managerial decision making and
workgroup collaboration
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What is a System?
A group of interrelated or interacting elements forming a unified whole
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What is a System?
A set of interrelated components With a clearly defined boundary Working together To achieve a common set of
objectives
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What is a System?
A system is… A set of interrelated components With a clearly defined boundary Working together To achieve a common set of objectives By accepting inputs and producing outputs In an organized transformation process
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System Concepts: A Foundation
System concepts help us understand… Technology: hardware, software, data
management, telecommunications networks Applications: to support inter-connected
information systems Development: developing ways to use
information technology includes designing the basic components of information systems
Management: emphasizes the quality, strategic business value, and security of an organization’s information systems
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Cybernetic System
All systems have input, processing, and output
A cybernetic system, a self-monitoring, self-regulating system, adds feedback and control: Feedback is data about the performance of
a system Control involves monitoring and evaluating
feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal
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Other System Characteristics If a system is one of the components of a
larger system, it is a subsystem The larger system is an environment
Several systems may share the same environment Some may be connected via a shared
boundary, or interface Types of systems…
Open Adaptive
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What is an Information System? An organized combination of…
People Hardware and software Communication networks Data resources Policies and procedures
This system… Stores, retrieves, transforms, and
disseminates information in an organization
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Information Technologies
Information Systems All the components and resources necessary
to deliver information and functions to the organization
Could be paper based Information Technologies
Hardware, software, networking, data management
Our focus will be on computer-based information systems (CBIS)
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What Should Business Professionals Know?
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Fundamental Roles of IS in Business
O'Brien, James; Marakas, George 2008
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Trends in Information Systems O'Brien, James; Marakas, George 2008
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Types of Information Systems Operations Support Systems
Efficiently process business transactions Control industrial processes Support communication and collaboration Update corporate databases
Management Support Systems Provide information as reports and displays Give direct computer support to managers
during decision-making
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Purposes of Information Systems
O'Brien, James; Marakas, George 2008
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Operations Support Systems
What do they do?Efficiently process business
transactionsControl industrial processesSupport communications and
collaborationUpdate corporate databases
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Types of Operations Support Systems Transaction Processing Systems
Record and process business transactions Examples: sales processing, inventory systems,
accounting systems
Process Control Systems Monitor and control physical processes Example: using sensors to monitor chemical processes in a
petroleum refinery Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Enhance team and workgroup communication Examples: email, video conferencing
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Two Ways to Process Transactions
Batch ProcessingAccumulate transactions over time
and process periodicallyExample: a bank processes all checks
received in a batch at night
Online ProcessingProcess transactions immediatelyExample: a bank processes an ATM
withdrawal immediately
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Management Support Systems
What do they do?Provide information and support for
effective decision making by managers• Management information systems• Decision support systems• Executive information systems
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Types of Management Support Systems Management Information Systems (MIS)
Reports and displays Example: daily sales analysis reports
Decision Support Systems (DSS) Interactive and ad hoc support Example: a what-if analysis to determine where to
spend advertising dollars Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Critical information for executives and managers Example: easy access to actions of competitors
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Other Information Systems
Expert SystemsProvide expert adviceExample: credit application advisor
Knowledge Management SystemsSupport creation, organization, and
dissemination of business knowledge throughout company
Example: intranet access to best business practices
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Measuring IT Success
EfficiencyMinimize cost, time, and use of
information resources
EffectivenessSupport business strategiesEnable business processesEnhance organizational structure and
cultureIncrease customer and business value
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Developing IS Solutions
O'Brien, James; Marakas, George 2008
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Components of an IS
O'Brien, James; Marakas, George 2008
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Information System Resources People Resources
Specialists End users
Hardware Resources Machines Media
Software Resources Programs Procedures
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Information System Resources Data Resources
Product descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory databases
Network Resources Communications media, communications
processors, network access and control software
Information Resources Management reports and business
documents using text and graphics displays, audio responses, and paper forms
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ACTIVITY 3