1 institute for criminal justice studies crime prevention through environmental design ©this...

1Institute for Criminal Justice Studies

Crime Prevention Crime Prevention Through Environmental Through Environmental

DesignDesign

©This TCLEOSE approved Crime Prevention Curriculum is the property of CSCS-ICJS CRIME PREVENTION II

PART IIPART II

http://www.cscs.txstate.edu/index.htm

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For a neighborhood to remain healthy, itslocal businesses must flourish; and forbusinesses to do well they must be safeplaces to frequent. With the increase inseparating commercial areas fromresidential ones, and the decline whichoften accompanies this separation, it isessential that CPTEDCPTED guidelines befollowed when building or remodelingcommercial property.

Guidelines For Store FrontsGuidelines For Store Fronts (Businesses)(Businesses)

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Simple designdesign features, such aspositioning cash registers near themain entrance and keeping payphones visible, can accomplish muchin the way of making customers feelsafe and secure.

Guidelines For Store FrontsGuidelines For Store Fronts (Businesses) – Cont’d(Businesses) – Cont’d

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Guidelines For Store Fronts (Businesses)Guidelines For Store Fronts (Businesses)

Natural Access ControlNatural Access Control

Cash registersregisters should be located in front of store near main entrance.

PublicPublic paths should be clearly marked.

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Natural Access ControlNatural Access Control

SignsSigns should direct patrons to parking and Entrances.

There should be no easy access to the roofroof.

Rear access to shops should be provided from rear parking lots.

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Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance

WindowsWindows should face rearrear parking lots for increased visibility.

Window signssigns should cover no more than 15% of windows.

Interior shelvingshelving and displaysdisplays should be no higher than five feet for increased visibility.

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ExteriorExterior of buildings should be well lit.

LoadingLoading areas should not create hiding places.

Clear visibilityvisibility should be maintained from the store to the street, sidewalk, parking areas and passing vehicles.

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RetentionRetention area should be visible from the building or street; it should be a visual amenity, not hedged or fenced off.

All entrances entrances should be under visual surveillance or monitored electronically. CCTVCCTV

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Dumpsters should not create blind spots or hiding areas.

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Territorial Reinforcement Territorial Reinforcement

Property boundaries, where possible, should be markedmarked with hedges, low fences or gates.

Private areas should be easily distinguishabledistinguishable from public areas.

Shops should be identified by wallwall signssigns for those stores who have parking in the rear.

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Awnings should be installed over rear doors and windows.

Parking area should be, clearly visible from the building or street

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Target Hardening Target Hardening

Operating hourshours should coincide with those of other neighboring businesses.

PayPay phonesphones should be call-out only and under surveillance at all times.

InteriorInterior space should be well lit.

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QUESTION ?QUESTION ?

What are some other considerationsWhat are some other considerations

that you learned in your that you learned in your

Crime Prevention I Crime Prevention I

course that could becourse that could be

used to harden an store front or used to harden an store front or business?business?

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Guidelines For Shopping MallsGuidelines For Shopping Malls

Shopping mallsShopping malls often provide much of the public space in suburban communities and as such can be a mixed blessing. On the one, hand they perform the important function of town center, serving as a gathering place for the community.

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Shopping MallsShopping Malls

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Guidelines For Shopping MallsGuidelines For Shopping MallsContinuedContinued

On the other, a mall can serve as an an attraction for criminal activityattraction for criminal activity. While the shopping mall continually grows in size and popularity, it also becomes a haven for abnormal users and the site of a growing number of parking lot crimes.

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QUESTION ?QUESTION ?

WHY WHY is it more important today

than ever before to ensure we have

the best physical securityphysical security and

crime prevention methods

employed at all public places?

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Guidelines For Shopping MallsGuidelines For Shopping MallsContinuedContinued

It is now more important than ever that designers and remodel contractors implement CPTEDCPTED principles due to an increase in the potential of a terroristterrorist attackattack?

Especially in public public areas that accommodate large numbers of people massed together.

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Natural Access Control Natural Access Control

Signs Signs should clearly mark public entrances.

SidewalksSidewalks and public areas should be clearly marked by way of special paving and/or landscaping.

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LoadingLoading zones, with designated delivery hours, should be separate from public parking.

The parkingparking garage should provide no exterior access to adjacent rooftops.

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All levelslevels of the parking garage should be visible from the street or ground floor with high intensity lighting to minimize hiding places.

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PARKING GARAGESPARKING GARAGES

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Natural Surveillance Natural Surveillance

RestroomRestroom doors should be visible from main pedestrian areas and away from outside exits.

Loading Loading areas should not create dead end alleys or blind spots.

Parking areas should be well lit.

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Property perimeters perimeters defined by landscaping, post and pillar fencing or gates.

Signs should clearlyclearly identify interior businesses.

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Close-in parkingparking should be available to nighttime employees.

BusinessBusiness associations should work together to promote shopper and business safety. Business Crime Councils.

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Target Hardening - Target Hardening - ContinuedContinued

Most mall’s today have contract securitysecurity officersofficers or off-duty police officers working security.

• Interior – walking patrol patrol (highly visible)

• Exterior – parkingparking lot patrol.

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OFFICE BUILDINGSOFFICE BUILDINGS

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Guidelines For Office BuildingsGuidelines For Office Buildings

The 1993 bombing of Manhattan's World Trade Center sent a clear message to the planners and designers of office buildings; as structures grow in size and pedestrian and vehicle traffic increases, safety becomes an extremely important issue.

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Guidelines For Office BuildingsGuidelines For Office BuildingsContinuedContinued

For Years the World Trade Center served as a model for safe and secure office building construction regardless of the size of the structure being built.

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All tenants were required to show photo identification upon entering. Metal grilles with letter sized slits covered mail slots. Garage and loading areas were secured by steel, anti-ram barricades.

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No one could have foreseen the No one could have foreseen the tragic events of September 11, tragic events of September 11, 2001 nor could it have been 2001 nor could it have been prevented by traditional security prevented by traditional security measuresmeasures. With these types of measures, there is a fine line between a safe office building and a fortress.

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Cardinal Rule in Crime Cardinal Rule in Crime PreventionPrevention

Nothing anyone can do can guarantee that criminals or terrorist will not succeed in committing a crime or act of violence.

Crime Prevention seeks to deter or prevent crime, but there no guarantees in Crime Prevention!

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Public entrancesentrances should be clearly defined by walkways and signage.

Building entrances should be accentuated through architecturalarchitectural elements, lighting, landscaping and/or paving stones.

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Restrooms should be observable from nearby officesoffices.

All exterior doorsdoors should be well lit.

HallwaysHallways should be well lit.

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Windows and exterior doors should be visible from the street or by neighbors.

Parking spaces should be assigned to each employee and visitor.

WHYWHY is this important tophysical security?

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Parking areas should be visible from windows and doors; side parking areas should be visible from the street.

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Parking areas and pedestrian walkways should be well lit.

Parking and entrances should be observable by as many people as possible.

Dumpsters should not create blind spots or hiding areas.

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Elevators and stairwells should be clearly visible from windows and doors.

Shrubbery should be no more than three feet high for clear visibility. The lower branches of existing trees should be kept at least ten feet off the ground.

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Stairwells should be well lit and open to view; not behind solid walls.

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Property perimetersperimeters defined by landscaping, post and pillar fencing or clearly marked entrance ways.

Offices clearly marked with specified public entry – employee only or restrictedrestricted access interior doors.

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Case hardenedhardened dead bolt locks should be installed on all exterior doors with a minimum of one-inch throw.

Door hinges should be located on the interiorinterior side of the door or tamper proof hinges used.

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Solid corecore exterior doors.

SecuritySecurity desk (check point) in mainLobby – main public entry way.

Even an information desk can provide or project a securitysecurity posture.

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What type of office would needWhat type of office would needOr require this type of controlledOr require this type of controlledAccess?Access?

State – Federal or County CourthouseState – Federal or County Courthouse

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Question?Question?

What are some other or additional

physical security postures that

could be implemented to harden

office buildings?

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Guidelines For Industrial Guidelines For Industrial FacilitiesFacilities

In most industrial design, the most important issue is the safetysafety of those who will be working or traveling to these areas.

In today’s world they are targets for industrial espionage as well for potential “Terrorist TargetsTerrorist Targets”.

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INDUSTRIAL FACILITIESINDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

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Guidelines For Industrial Guidelines For Industrial Facilities - Facilities - continuedcontinued

After work hours, industrials areas are, for the most part, badly illuminated, seldom under any type of surveillance and virtually deserted; which in itself can be problem enough. Unfortunately, safety is often given little consideration.

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Guidelines For Industrial Guidelines For Industrial Facilities - Facilities - continuedcontinued

Add to this isolation the industrial danger areas, loading docks, service entrances, blind alleys and expansive parking areas and you have the potential for an extremely unsafe environment. It is in this type of environment where CPTED CPTED strategies and design can really pay off.

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Question?Question?

WHYWHY should we be concerned

with Industrial facilities as crime

prevention practitioner’s?

CHEMICAL LABRATORIES

FERTIZILER MANUFACTURERS

GAS and OIL REFINARIES

WEAPONS MANUFACTURERS

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Guidelines For Industrial FacilitiesGuidelines For Industrial Facilities


Dead ends should be avoided and Site entrances should be easily securable.

Entrances to parking areas should be controlled by fence, gate or attendant.

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Parking should be assigned by shifts and planned to favor late workers with close-in spaces.

Pedestrian and vehicular direct access to railroad tracks should be restricted.

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Storage yards should be planned for vehicular access by patrol car.

Access to roofsroofs via dumpster, loading docks, poles, stacked items etc. should be restricted.

Access to the building should be limited to no more than two entry points.

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DeliveryDelivery entrances should be separate, well-marked and monitored.

EmployeeEmployee entrance should be close to employee parking and work areas.

Nighttime parkingparking should be separate from service entrances.

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Access to one area of building should not allow access to others.

Access should be provided to both front and back so that building can patrolled.

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All entrances should be well litwell lit, well defined and visible to public and patrol vehicles.

Parking area should be visible to patrol cars, pedestrians, parking. attendants and/or building personnel.

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Parking attendant or security officer should be positioned for maximum visibility of property.

Reception areas should have a view of parking areas.

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Walls should be used only where necessary and should be high enough to prevent circumvention.

Blind alleys, storage yards, etc. should not create hiding places.

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Perimeters should be defined by landscaping or fencing.

Fences should be designed to maintain visibility from street.

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Exterior privateprivate areas should be easily distinguishable from public areas.

Security and/or reception area should be positioned to screen all entrances.

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Gateway effect or formal entrance should be created with planting, fences, gates, etc.

DeliveriesDeliveries should be limited to daytime hours.

VehicleVehicle entrances should be defined by different paving materials and signage.

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RESTRICTED RESTRICTED AREAAREA

CONTROLLED CONTROLLED ACCESS AREAACCESS AREAEntry ProhibitedEntry Prohibited

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Delivery bays should be secured with locks

OperatingOperating hourshours should be the same as those of neighboring businesses.

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PARKING GARAGESPARKING GARAGES

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Guidelines For Parking GaragesGuidelines For Parking Garages

Studies Studies show that in both urban and suburban environment, parking structures are the most problematic. These structuresstructures isolate people. Most garages are not only badly designed – with many blind spots and hiding areas - but badly maintained as well.

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CPTED guidelines can do much in the way of improving parking structure safety without tremendous cost. With the simple addition of high intensity lighting, for example, a garage can quickly become a much safer place.

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GaragesGarages should be attended or monitored openly with cameras and sound monitors indicated with signs.

PedestrianPedestrian entrances should be adjacent to vehicle entrances.

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StairwellsStairwells should be visiblevisible without solid walls.

ElevatorsElevators should be close to the main entrance with the entire interior of the elevator in view when the doors are open.

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There should be no permanent, stopstop button installed in elevators.

GroundGround floorfloor should be design to provide a view of the garage using wire mesh or stretch cable.

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AccessAccess should be limited to no more than two designated, monitored entrances.

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All elevators should be monitored by cameras and sound or utilize clear materials for the entire car.

RetainingRetaining walls should be replaced with stretched cable railings for maximum visibility.

Parking areas and drivingdriving lanes should be well lit.

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There should be no free accessaccess to adjacent building without direct monitoring.

PublicPublic and privateprivate parking spaces should be designated.

HoursHours of use should reflect that of local businesses, with secure closing during non-use hours.

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There should always be a parking attendantattendant on duty.

CCTVCCTV monitoring.

Security patrolpatrol.

Wire meshmesh on lower (street) level.

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TEAM PRACTICAL EXCERCISE• TEAM I: Explain the four CPTED strategies

for store fronts (businesses).

• TEAM II: Explain the four CPTED strategies for shopping malls.

• TEAM III: Explain the four CPTED strategies for offices.

• TEAM IV: Explain the four CPTED strategies for Industrial facilities.

• TEAM V: Explain the four CPTED strategies for parking garages.

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Presenter Contact InformationPresenter Contact Information

I NSTI TUTE CR I M I NAL JUSTICE STUDI ESCen ter Safe Com m u n ities & Sch oo ls

TEX AS STATE UNI VERSI TY

I NSTI TUTE CR I M I NAL JUSTICE STUDI ESCen ter Safe Com m u n ities & Sch oo ls

TEX AS STATE UNI VERSI TY

350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164San Marcos, Texas 78666.

877-304-2727 www.cscs.txstate.edu

http://www.cscs.txstate.edu/

1 institute for criminal justice studies crime prevention through environmental design ©this...

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street guidelines

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neighboring businesses

cpted guidelines

parking areas

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