1 introduction to ohs ms

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Universiti Utara Malaysia

Faculty of Human and Social Development

SMH 5263 OSH Management Systems (MOSHM)

OSH Management Systems (FASM 5073)Course Title:

Anis Fahmy bin Pauzi

Lecturer:

OSH Management System ComponentsTopic:


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1. Introduction To OSH Management System

2. Management Commitment

3. Worker Participation

OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Topic Contents


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1. INTRODUCTION TO OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Since the 90s, safety and health practitioners has initiated to

promulgate and implement the OSH management system based on

system approach.

The idea of using the system approach in managing OSH was not

something new. Its initial proposal made by Heinrich, a safety andhealth expert in 1930. Heinrichs Theory of Loss Causation

explained that the caused of accident was not due only to the

immediate causes such as unsafe act and unsafe condition, but also

by the underlying causes often because of loss in the management

control.


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Heinrich The Domino Theory


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SOC

IALENVIRONME

NT

AND

ANCESTRY

FAULTOF

PERSON

UNSAFEACT

M

ECHANICALOR

P

HYSICALHAZARD

ACCIDENT

INJURY

SOC

IALENVIRONME

NT

AND

ANCESTRY

FAULTOF

PERSON

UNSAFEACT

M

ECHANICALOR

P

HYSICALHAZARD

ACCIDENT

INJURY

Heinrich five factors in the accident sequence


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SOCIALENVIR

ONMENT

AND

ANCE

STRY

FAULTO

F

PERSO

NU

NSAFEACT

ME

CHANICALOR

PHY

SICALHAZARD

ACCIDE

NT

INJUR

Y

SOCIALENVIR

ONMENT

AND

ANCE

STRY

FAULTO

F

PERSO

NU

NSAFEACT

ME

CHANICALOR

PHY

SICALHAZARD

U

NSAFEACT

ME

CHANICALOR

PHY

SICALHAZARD

ACCIDE

NT

INJUR

Y

Unsafe act and mechanical hazard constitute the central factor in theaccident sequence


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SOCIAL

ENV

IRONMEN

T

AND

ANCESTRY

FAULT

OF

PERSO

N

UNS

AFEACT

MECHANICALOR

PHYSIC

ALHAZARD

ACCIDEN

T

INJURY

SOCIAL

ENV

IRONMEN

T

AND

ANCESTRY

SOCIAL

ENV

IRONMEN

T

AND

ANCESTRY

FAULT

OF

PERSO

NFAULT

OF

PERSO

N

UNS

AFEACT

MECHANICALOR

PHYSIC

ALHAZARD

UNS

AFEACT

MECHANICALOR

PHYSIC

ALHAZARD

ACCIDEN

T

INJURY

Removal of the centralfactor makes the action

of preceding factors

ineffective


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Behind every accident there lies many contributing factors, causesand sub-causes.

Cause A

Cause B

Cause C

Cause D

Cause E

Cause F

ROOT CAUSE

(Lack of Control)

BASIC

CAUSE

INCIDENT/

LOSS

IMMEDIATE

CAUSE

Multi-Causation


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This update introduced two new concepts; The influence of management and managerial error.

Loss, as the result of an accident could be production losses,

property damage as well as injuries.

Updated Domino Theory


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THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSH-MS

Liberalisation of trade and economies

Increase in occupational accident & diseases

Traditional command-control mechanisms inadequate

Systems approach pioneered by Edward Demings Development of standards by ISO


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WHY OSH-MS?

Systematic way to manage OSH activities in the organisation

OSH as integral part of the organisationsvalue system

Reduction of hazards and risks, accidents, diseases

Low absenteeism, high productivity, job satisfaction


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WHAT IS AN OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (OSH-MS)?

An OSH-MS is a planned, documented and verifiable method of

managing hazards and associated risks. An OSH-MS can be simple

or complex, it can be highly documented or sparingly described and

it can be home grown or based on an available model.

(General definition)

WHAT IS AN ISO?

Layman definition;You write what ever you do and you do what ever your write


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ProcessInput Output

Feedback Loop

The relationship of the system (IOHA 2002*)

*IOHA Implementation Guidance Manual for ILO Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management

Systems ILO-OSH 2001. International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the

Environment Geneva, Switzerland. 2002. IOHA : International Occupational Hygiene Association.


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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

(ISO Standard definition)

ISO 14001:1996

The part of the overall management system that includes organisational

structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures,

processes, and resources for developing, implementing, achieving,

reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy

OHSAS 18001:1999

Part of the overall management system that facilitates the management of

the OH&S risks associated with the business of the organisation. This

includes organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities,

practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing,

implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organisations

OH&S policy.

ILO-OSH:2001 and MS 1722:2003

A set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish OSH policy and

objectives, and to achieve those objectives.


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EVOLUTION OF OSH-MS

After the successful of ISO 9000 series and ISO 14000 series,

1996, Discussed at an ISO International Workshop on OSH-MS

Standardizationstandard should under ILO,

1999, OHSAS 18001:1999 has been developed by an

association of national standards and certification bodies, fromBS 8800:1996,

2001, Guideline on OSH MS (ILO-OSH 2001) has being

published by the ILO,

2003, ILO-OSHMS was adopted by Malaysia as its ownstandards named as MS 1722:2003 OSH MS-Guidelines.


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MALAYSIASLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON OSH-MS

Under OSHA Act 1994, Part IV, Section 15; duty and responsibility

of every employer and self-employed

maintain the plant and system of work that are so far aspracticable, safe and without risk to health

so far as practicable to ensure safety and absence of risks tohealth operation, handling etc

so far as practicable, the provision such as information, training

and supervision to ensure so far as practicable, safety & health so far as practicable, to maintain safe working environment

so far as practicable, as regards any place of work should besafe and without risks to health

Regulat ion 19, OSHA, 1994 - Fine no t exceedin g fi f ty thou sand rin gg it

(RM 50,000) or to im pr isonment fo r the term no t exceeding two years or both

To ensure so far as practicable, the safety, health and welfare atwork of all employees


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MALAYSIASLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON OSH-MS

Duties of EmployeesSection 24, OSHA 1994 General duties of Employees

Maintain a safe and healthy working environment

Keep work area clean and safe at all times

Stay informed of safety and health issues

Observe and comply with all established safety and healthrequirements

Understand and follow safety and health guidelines included in

work instructions

Keep aisles, exits and emergency equipment clear of

obstructions

Regulat ion 24(1), OSHA, 1994 - Fine not exceeding on e thousand ring git

(RM1,000) or to im pr isonment for the term no t exceeding tw o years or bo th


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MAIN ELEMENTS OF MALAYSIAN OSH-MS (MS 1722)

Adapted from ILO-OSH 2001,

Based on the OSH Act 1994,

Has five main elements of Deming Wheel (PDCA),

These elements are namely;

i. Policy,

ii. Organizing,

iii. Planning and implementation,

iv. Evaluation, and

v. Action for improvement


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Deming Wheel


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Policy

Organizing

Planning &Implementation

Evaluation

Continual

Improvement

Action

For

Improvement

5 main elements of OSH MS


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External Factors Internal Factors

Initial & Periodic

Status Review

Initial & Periodic

Status Review

OSH PolicyOSH Policy

AuditAudit OrganizationOrganization

Plan & ImplementPlan & Implement

Measure OSH

Performance

Measure OSH

Performance

Information Link Control Link

(ELEMENTS OF A OSH SYSTEM)


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Elements Section Sub-elements

3.1.1 Occupational safety and health policy

3.1.2 Employee participation

3.2.1 Responsibility and accountability

3.2.2 Competence and training

3.2.3 Occupational safety and health management system documentation

3.2.4 Communication

1. Policy

2. Organising

Detail Breakdown of MS 1722 Elements


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3.3.1 Initial review

3.3.2 System planning, development and implementation

3.3.3 Occupational safety and health objectives

3.3.4 Hazard prevention

3.4.1 Performance monitoring and measurement

3.4.2 Investigation of work-related injuries, disabilities, ill health, diseases

and near misses, and their impact on safety and health performance3.4.3 Audit

3.4.4 Management review

3. Planning

and

implementation

4. Evaluation



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3.5.1 Preventive and corrective action

3.5.2 Continual improvement

5. Action for

improvement



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2. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

1. ensure that OSH is a line-management responsibility, which is

known and accepted at all levels;

2. define and communicate to the members of the organisationthe

responsibility, accountability and authority of persons who

identify, evaluate or control OSH hazards and risks;3. provide effective supervision, as necessary, to ensure the

protection of employees' safety and health;

4. promote cooperation and communication among members of the

organisation, including workers and their representatives, to

implement the elements of the organisation's OSH management

system;


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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

6. fulfil the principles of OSH management systems contained in

relevant national guidelines or voluntary programmes, as

appropriate, to which the organisationsubscribes;

7. establish and implement a clear OSH policy and measurable

objectives;8. establish effective arrangements to identify and eliminate or

control work-related hazards and risks, and promote health at

work;

9. establish prevention and health promotion programmes;

10. ensure effective arrangements for the full participation of

employees and their representatives in the fulfilment of the OSH

policy;


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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

11. provide appropriate resources to ensure that persons

responsible for OSH, including the safety and health committee,

can perform their functions properly; and

12. ensure effective arrangements for the full participation of

workers and their representatives in safety and healthcommittees, where they exist.


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3. WORKER PARTICIPATION

There are many ways that workers can and should participate inOSH-MS activities. IOHA suggests that representatives should be

actively involved in:

i. Emergency Preparedness,

ii. Task Analysis,

iii. Safety Assessments,

iv. Evaluation and revision of standard operating

procedures (SOPs) and work instructions Training

programs, and

v. Evaluations or audits.


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Active member in;

i. Safety & Health Committee

ii. Emergency Response/Volunteer Fire Fighting Team

iii. First Aid Team

iv. Housekeeping Inspection Team

v. HIRARC/JSA Team

vi. Internal Audit Team


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Campaign and Program;

i. Safety and Health Week or Month

ii. Fire Drill / Chemical Spillage Drill / etc.

iii. Awareness Campaign / Exhibition / Display

iv. No Smoking Day

v. Zero Accident Competition (Monthly, Quarterly or Yearly)

vi. Inter Department Housekeeping Competition

vii. Gotong-royong

viii. Employee of the month (to include Safety criteria)

ix. Contests and competitions

x. Newsletter/Bulletin

xi. Safety message through gifts, souvenirs, etc.


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Active as an individual in taking part of;

i. Safety and Health Contests/Competitions

Slogan, Logo & Poster Drawing Competition

Spot the Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions in Picture

ii. Safety and Health Quiz

iii. Safety Suggestion Competition

iv. Reporting of Hazards, Unsafe Conditions, etc.

v. Personal Health Monitoring / Medical Check Up

vi. Blood Donation Campaign


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