1 invertebrates. 2 animal characteristics all organisms in this kingdom have these common...

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InvertebratesInvertebrates

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Animal CharacteristicsAnimal Characteristics

All organisms in this kingdom have All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics:these common characteristics: Multicellular EukaryotesMulticellular Eukaryotes No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants,

bacteriabacteria Heterotrophs– consumer not Heterotrophs– consumer not

decomposerdecomposer Have Specialized Cells- unlike Have Specialized Cells- unlike

protistsprotists

Needs of AnimalsNeeds of Animals

Need: Need: Sense and chase down food sourceSense and chase down food sourceAdaptation:Adaptation: nervous / motor systems nervous / motor systems

Need: Need: Break up food and absorb nutrientsBreak up food and absorb nutrientsAdaptation:Adaptation: digestive system digestive system

Need: Need: Deliver oxygen to all cellsDeliver oxygen to all cellsAdaptation:Adaptation: circulatory / respiratory circulatory / respiratory systemssystems

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SYMMETRYSYMMETRY

AsymmetryAsymmetry – no symmetry – no symmetry

Radial symmetry Radial symmetry - can cut in equal - can cut in equal halves-more than one wayhalves-more than one way

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry – allows for – allows for development of brain region in a development of brain region in a central location (head) central location (head)

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Types of Symmetry Types of Symmetry

Asymmetry

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Asymmetry-Sponges OnlyAsymmetry-Sponges Only

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Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry

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*Usually more complicated organisms

*Usually simpler

organisms

Background: different types of body symmetry

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Bilateral SymmetryBilateral Symmetry

They all have a headarea with sense

organs

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Development of Development of OrganismsOrganisms

Develop from a single cell, the Develop from a single cell, the zygotezygote

Mitosis forms new cell in a process called Mitosis forms new cell in a process called cleavagecleavage

A hollow ball of cells are formed called a A hollow ball of cells are formed called a blastulablastula

GastrulationGastrulation is the folding in of the blastula to is the folding in of the blastula to form two layersform two layers

These two layers are the These two layers are the ectodermectoderm and the and the endodermendoderm

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DevelopmentDevelopment

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EctodermEctoderm develops into skin and nervous develops into skin and nervous tissuetissue

EndodermEndoderm develops into the lining of the develops into the lining of the digestive tract and organs associated with digestive tract and organs associated with digestiondigestion

In In somesome animals the gastrula forms a animals the gastrula forms a mesodermmesoderm

MesodermMesoderm is the third layer and develops is the third layer and develops into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systemsrespiratory systems

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ProtostomeProtostome is an animal with a mouth is an animal with a mouth that develops from the opening in the that develops from the opening in the gastrula called the blastoporegastrula called the blastopore

DeuterostomeDeuterostome The anus develops The anus develops from the opening in the from the opening in the gastrulagastrula

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Body PlansBody Plans

AcoelomAcoelom- do not have a body cavity, - do not have a body cavity, organs are imbedded in tissuesorgans are imbedded in tissues

PseudocoelomPseudocoelom -(partial) a body -(partial) a body cavity partly lined with mesoderm cavity partly lined with mesoderm

Coelom-Coelom- a body cavity that provides a body cavity that provides space for the development of internal space for the development of internal organs (something for muscles to organs (something for muscles to push against to move)push against to move)

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*Background: types of coelomes (body cavities)

Vertebrate vs Vertebrate vs InvertebrateInvertebrate

Vertebrate- has a backboneVertebrate- has a backbone

Invertebrate- has NO backboneInvertebrate- has NO backbone

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ExoskeletonExoskeleton

Functions: Functions: 1.1. ProtectionProtection2.2. Prevents water loss on land Prevents water loss on land

(waxy layer)(waxy layer)

Problems: Problems: 1.1. HeavyHeavy2.2. Growth requires moltingGrowth requires molting

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ExoskeletonsExoskeletons

EndoskeletonEndoskeleton

An internal skeleton that An internal skeleton that provides support inside the bodyprovides support inside the body

Advantage: Organisms can Advantage: Organisms can grow grow largerlarger with skeleton inside with skeleton inside

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EndoskeletonsEndoskeletons

SpongesSponges

Simplest AnimalsSimplest Animals AsymmetryAsymmetry

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SpongesSponges SessileSessile - do not move - do not move

AsymmetricalAsymmetrical

No tissue (Only organized cells) No tissue (Only organized cells)

SpongesSponges Oxygen and food come in through Oxygen and food come in through

DiffusionDiffusion

Filter Feeds Filter Feeds as an adultas an adult

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Sponge ReproductionSponge Reproduction SexualSexual – release sperm into water – release sperm into water

(external fertilization very common in (external fertilization very common in aquatic animals)aquatic animals)

HermaphroditismHermaphroditism – sponges have sperm – sponges have sperm AND eggs to increase the odds of AND eggs to increase the odds of reproductionreproduction

Offspring can swim to a new locationOffspring can swim to a new location

Asexual fragmentation also possibleAsexual fragmentation also possible

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CnidariansCnidarians

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Sea Anemone

(Polyp)Jellyfish

(Medusa)

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CnidariansCnidarians

Evolution of Radial Evolution of Radial Symmetry Symmetry

Extends tentacles equally Extends tentacles equally in all directions in all directions (increase food uptake)(increase food uptake)

Cnidarian CharacteristicsCnidarian Characteristics Basic digestive systemBasic digestive system Also basic nervous system (nerve net)Also basic nervous system (nerve net) OO22 still enters by diffusion still enters by diffusion

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Cnidarian Characteristics Cnidarian Characteristics

Reproduces sexually and asexuallyReproduces sexually and asexually

Skeleton-none present, but dead Skeleton-none present, but dead coral remains are calcium carbonatecoral remains are calcium carbonate

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Body Plans of CnidariansBody Plans of Cnidarians

Flatworms-Flatworms-PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes

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Planarian – not parasitic

Tapeworm – parasitic

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Flatworm CharacteristicsFlatworm Characteristics

No coelom – Why? Many are parasiticNo coelom – Why? Many are parasitic

OO22 and sugar are absorbed in host’s and sugar are absorbed in host’s intestineintestine

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry

Reproduction-most are hermaphroditesReproduction-most are hermaphrodites

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TapewormsTapeworms

Tapeworm Life CycleTapeworm Life Cycle

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Flatworm or PlanariaFlatworm or Planaria

See full-size image.

Fresh Water PlanariaUses Pharynx to obtain food

Salt Water Flatworms

http://www.bu.edu/lernet/GK12/eric/flatworm.jpg





















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Sheep Liver FlukeSheep Liver Fluke

RoundwormsRoundworms

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hookworm - parasitic

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Smooth, non-segmented bodySmooth, non-segmented body

Pseudocoelom (moves more)Pseudocoelom (moves more)

Can burrow through skin (walking Can burrow through skin (walking around barefoot)around barefoot)

Also enters through contaminated foodAlso enters through contaminated food

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Roundworm CharacteristicsRoundworm CharacteristicsMore AdvancedMore Advanced


Complete digestive system with Complete digestive system with mouth and anusmouth and anus

Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction

Oxygen enters by diffusionOxygen enters by diffusion

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Hookworms, Pinworms, Tapeworms that were removed from a Brazilian boy treated on a Rockefeller foundation mission (early 1900’s)

These parasites still affect people all over the globe.

Not a problem in U.S.Not a problem in U.S.

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Why not?Why not?

Food safety inspectionsFood safety inspections

Good sanitationGood sanitation

Medication widely availableMedication widely available

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Dirofilaria is a roundworm that causes heartworm disease in

dogs.

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Ascaris: a parasitic

roundwormOther Roundworms

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Other RoundwormsOther Roundworms

Elephantiasis results when a roundworm

blocks the lymphatic system, causing severe swelling

The roundworm is

carried by mosquitoes in tropical Africa

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Roundworms: HookwormsRoundworms: Hookworms

Hookworms attached to the intestines

Segmented WormsSegmented Worms

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leech Earthworm

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Segmented Worm Segmented Worm CharacteristicsCharacteristics


Full Coelom (full range of Full Coelom (full range of motion, complex organs inside)motion, complex organs inside)

Complete digestion systemComplete digestion system

Most are Most are hermaphroditeshermaphrodites with with sexual reproductionsexual reproduction

Segmented Worm Segmented Worm CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Gets OGets O22 directly from moist skin, directly from moist skin, closed circulatory system with closed circulatory system with

hearts to deliverhearts to deliver

Food – blood (leeches), or dirt Food – blood (leeches), or dirt (earthworms)(earthworms)

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EarthwormsEarthworms

Giant Earthworm

Regular Earthworm

EarthwormsEarthworms

Swallow dirt, filter out foodSwallow dirt, filter out food

Loosen soil, helps to aerate Loosen soil, helps to aerate soil for plantssoil for plants

Also fertilizes plants with Also fertilizes plants with castings (poop)castings (poop)

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LeechesLeeches

Two chemicals in saliva to Two chemicals in saliva to help it take blood from hostshelp it take blood from hosts

1.1. Anesthetic (blocks pain)Anesthetic (blocks pain)

2.2. Anti-coagulant (prevents Anti-coagulant (prevents blood clotting)blood clotting)

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MollusksMollusks

Clam – 2 shellsSnail – 1 shell

Squid – no shell

These are all in the same These are all in the same group!?!group!?!

5353inside of a clam

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Mollusk CharacteristicsMollusk Characteristics


Getting food – filter feeders (clams), Getting food – filter feeders (clams), grazers (snails), predators (slugs)grazers (snails), predators (slugs)

Getting OGetting O22 – gills in aquatic – gills in aquatic mollusks, primitive lung in snailsmollusks, primitive lung in snails

Open or closed circulatory systemOpen or closed circulatory system

Open vs. Closed Circulatory Open vs. Closed Circulatory SystemSystem

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Open

•No blood vessels

•Blood surrounds body’s organs, delivers O2

•Smaller animals

Closed

•Blood in vessels

•Larger animals

Mollusk ReproductionMollusk Reproduction

Hermaphrodites (both mollusks Hermaphrodites (both mollusks and segmented worms)and segmented worms)

Aquatic – release sperm and eggs Aquatic – release sperm and eggs into waterinto water

Land – meet and swap sperm, Land – meet and swap sperm, fertilize eggs insidefertilize eggs inside

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Chambered NautilusChambered Nautilus

ArthropodsArthropods Four main classes within this Four main classes within this

HUGE phylum:HUGE phylum:

1.1. ArachnidsArachnids

2.2. CrustaceansCrustaceans

3.3. Centipedes / millipedesCentipedes / millipedes

4.4. InsectsInsects

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ArachnidsArachnids

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Black widow Brown recluse

Chigger (flea)

Tick

Scorpion

CrustaceansCrustaceans

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Crab

Barnacles

Lobster

Many-footed onesMany-footed ones

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CentipedeMillipede

InsectsInsects

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Fire ants

Wasp

Grasshopper

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Arthropod CharacteristicsArthropod Characteristics Most successful of all animal phylaMost successful of all animal phyla

CoelomCoelom


Segmented bodySegmented body

Exoskeleton- NOT the same as Exoskeleton- NOT the same as mollusk shellmollusk shell

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Arthropod Arthropod CharacteristicsCharacteristics

•Oxygen enters by spiracles and then into tracheal tubes in some arthropods. Book lungs in spiders.

• Reproduction- Internal fertilization (mating) in land arthropods and External fertilization in sea arthropods

Arthropod Arthropod CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system

Uses special jaws called Uses special jaws called mandiblesmandibles

Use Pheromones (chemical Use Pheromones (chemical signals) for communication and signals) for communication and matingmating

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Arthropods:Arthropods: Complex Nervous Complex Nervous

SystemSystem Sophisticated sensory / motor Sophisticated sensory / motor

controlcontrol

6666 Compound eye of a fruit flyCompound eye of a fruit fly

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MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

EchinodermsEchinoderms

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sea star

sea urchin

sea cucumber

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Echinoderm CharacteristicsEchinoderm Characteristics

Bilateral symmetry in larvaeBilateral symmetry in larvae

Radial symmetry in adults Radial symmetry in adults (live on ocean floor) (live on ocean floor)

CoelomCoelom

EndoskeletonEndoskeleton

DeuterostomesDeuterostomes

Echinoderm Echinoderm CharacteristicsCharacteristics Food – variety of diet (some eat clams, Food – variety of diet (some eat clams,

some eat algae, some filter feed)some eat algae, some filter feed)

Water vascular system (water instead Water vascular system (water instead of blood to carry Oof blood to carry O22))

Reproduction typical in waterReproduction typical in water

Regeneration possible in someRegeneration possible in some7070

ChordatesChordates

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All ChordatesAll Chordates

Have notochord – precursor to Have notochord – precursor to vertebral spinal column (semirigid, vertebral spinal column (semirigid, filled with fluid)filled with fluid)

Vertebrates replace this with a full Vertebrates replace this with a full spinal cordspinal cord

Some chordates are invertebrates Some chordates are invertebrates stillstill

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ChordatesChordates

Chordates have 3 subphylumsChordates have 3 subphylums TunicatesTunicates LanceletesLanceletes

VertebratesVertebrates

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Invertebrate ChordatesInvertebrate Chordates

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lancelet tunicate

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Each of these is a Class in the Phylum Chordata

1 invertebrates. 2 animal characteristics all organisms in this kingdom have these common...

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