Kingdom Characteristics

Kingdoms of Prokaryotic Cells

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Archaea have a chemically unique cell wall and

membranes and a unique genetic system.

• Scientists think that archaea evolved in a separate

lineage from bacteria early in Earth’s history.

• Scientists also believe that some archaea

eventually gave rise to eukaryotes.

• Archaea were first found in extreme environments, such as salt lakes, the deep ocean, or hot springs that exceeded 100°C.

• These archaea are called extreme bacteria.

• Archaea called methanogens live in oxygen-free environments. Thermophiles live in hot habitats and halophiles in salty areas.

Kingdom Eubacteria

• True bacteria

• Make up normal flora

• May be pathogenic such as strept and staph

causing skin and throat infections

Bacteria reproduce:

asexually using binary fission.

Genetic Variation Conjugation is the

process at which genetic

information is passed from

one organism to another.

Conjugation among

bacteria involve the passing

of a plasmid from a host

bacteria to a recipient

bacteria.

What is a Plasmid:

Extra circular DNA that

carries a few extra genes

and replicates

independently of the host.

Bacteria Shapes

Kingdoms of Eukaryotic Cells

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

Kingdom Plantae

• Almost all plants are autotrophs that produce their own food by absorbing energy and raw materials from the environment.

• The process that makes food, photosynthesis, occurs in chloroplasts.

• The plant cell wall is made of a rigid material called cellulose.

Kingdom Animalia

• Animals are multicellular heterotrophs.

• Their bodies may be simple collections of cells

or complex networks of organ systems.

• Animal cells lack a rigid cell wall.

Kingdom Fungi

• Fungi are heterotrophs that are mostly multicellular.

• Their cell wall is made of a rigid material called

chitin.

• Fungi are considered to be more closely related to

animals than to any other kingdom.

• Kingdom Protista is a “leftover” taxon, so it is a diverse group.

• Any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungi can be called a protist.

• Protists did not descend from a single common ancestor.

• For many years, biologists recognized four major groups of protists: flagellates, amoebas, algae, and parasitic protists.

Kingdom Protista