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MatterMatter

Part IIPart II

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Pure Substances vs. Pure Substances vs. MixturesMixtures

Pure SubstancesPure Substances Made of either elements Made of either elements

or compounds that are or compounds that are chemically bonded.chemically bonded.

Cannot be separated by Cannot be separated by physical means.physical means.

Glucose: CGlucose: C66HH1212OO6 6

Table Salt: NaClTable Salt: NaCl Oxygen Gas: OOxygen Gas: O22

Carbon Dioxide COCarbon Dioxide CO22

Mixtures:Mixtures: Two or more substances Two or more substances

mixed together but mixed together but not not chemicallychemically combined. combined.

Tea = Crushed Leaf + HTea = Crushed Leaf + H22OO Rocks = minerals + Rocks = minerals +

sediments + organic mattersediments + organic matter Sugar Water = Sugar + HSugar Water = Sugar + H22OO

Each component retains its Each component retains its own identity; it does not own identity; it does not change into something else.change into something else.

Can be separated by Can be separated by physical meansphysical means

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MixturesMixtures

Heterogeneous MixtureHeterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous MixtureHomogeneous Mixture

Not evenly mixedNot evenly mixed Evenly mixedEvenly mixed

Individual components retain Individual components retain their own propertiestheir own properties

Properties of combined Properties of combined components are usually components are usually different than those of each different than those of each componentcomponent

Individual components can Individual components can be easily seenbe easily seen

Individual components can Individual components can not be easily seennot be easily seen

Can be easily separatedCan be easily separated Not as easily separatedNot as easily separated

Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candycereal, bag of assorted candy

Ex. salt-water solution, tea, Ex. salt-water solution, tea, Cool-Aid drink, milk, Cool-Aid drink, milk, toothpastetoothpaste

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Organizing Concepts…Organizing Concepts…

MATTER

PURESUBSTANCE

MIXTURE

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDSHETERO-GENEOUS

HOMO-GENEOUS

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Choose a partner with the same learning Choose a partner with the same learning preference as youpreference as you

Classify the following substances as:Classify the following substances as:Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixturehomogeneous mixture

GatoradeGatorade Milk ShakeMilk Shake Meat marinadeMeat marinade GasolineGasoline DirtDirt SulfurSulfur

Helium gasHelium gas Sugar CrystalsSugar Crystals Fruit LoopsFruit Loops Mashed PotatoesMashed Potatoes VinegarVinegar AirAir

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Physical Properties of MatterPhysical Properties of Matter Can be observed without changing a substance into anotherCan be observed without changing a substance into another

MassMass – amount of matter that something has – amount of matter that something has

VolumeVolume – amount of space that something takes – amount of space that something takes

State of matterState of matter – physical forms in which a substance can exist – physical forms in which a substance can exist

Melting pointMelting point – temperature at which a substance changes – temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquidfrom solid to liquid

Boiling point Boiling point –– temperature at which a substance changes from temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gasliquid to gas

Freezing point Freezing point –– temperature at which a substance changes temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solidfrom liquid to solid

Density Density – the mass of a substance compared to its volume – the mass of a substance compared to its volume d d = =

mv

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State of MatterState of Matter Determined by the attraction between the particles of a substance, Determined by the attraction between the particles of a substance,

their rate of movement and pressure change.their rate of movement and pressure change.

Matter changes from one state to another when its energy changes Matter changes from one state to another when its energy changes (either loses or gains energy)(either loses or gains energy)

TemperatureTemperature is a measure of the speed (energy) of the particles of matter is a measure of the speed (energy) of the particles of matter Increasing the temperature (energy) of a solid, causes it to change to Increasing the temperature (energy) of a solid, causes it to change to

liquid (melting).liquid (melting). Increasing the temperature (energy) of a liquid, causes it to change to Increasing the temperature (energy) of a liquid, causes it to change to

gas (vaporizing).gas (vaporizing). The inverse process is also trueThe inverse process is also true

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.htmlhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html

StateState VolumeVolume ShapeShape MoleculesMolecules

SolidSolid DefiniteDefinite DefiniteDefinite VibrateVibrate

LiquidLiquid DefiniteDefinite IndefiniteIndefinite SlideSlide

GasGas IndefiniteIndefinite IndefiniteIndefinite BounceBounce

PlasmaPlasma IndefiniteIndefinite IndefiniteIndefinite Electrons split Electrons split apartapart

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DensityDensity

Ratio between the mass and volume of a Ratio between the mass and volume of a substancesubstance

An object will only float on a liquid if its An object will only float on a liquid if its density is lower than the density of the density is lower than the density of the liquidliquid

Predict which objects will float on water:Predict which objects will float on water: dry sponge, small rock, large rock, wood block, dry sponge, small rock, large rock, wood block,

pencil, oil, ball of modeling clay, modeling class pencil, oil, ball of modeling clay, modeling class shaped like a bowl, whole lemon, peeled lemon.shaped like a bowl, whole lemon, peeled lemon.

You will find out the correct answers by doing a You will find out the correct answers by doing a density labdensity lab

d = mass

volume

d (water) = 1 g/mL

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Chemical Properties of Chemical Properties of MatterMatter

Describe a change that happens Describe a change that happens when two substances react with each when two substances react with each otherother Ex. rust, burning a match, candle or Ex. rust, burning a match, candle or

woodwood

1010

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table Take the pretestTake the pretest

Go to: Go to: http://peachstar.unitedstreaming.com/http://peachstar.unitedstreaming.com/ Select one of the following videos to watch:Select one of the following videos to watch:

The Periodic Table: Reactions and RelationshipsThe Periodic Table: Reactions and Relationships (23:30) (23:30) ©© 1996 AIMS Multimedia 1996 AIMS Multimedia

Simply Science: Periodic TableSimply Science: Periodic Table (27:04) (27:04) © 1998 United Streaming© 1998 United Streaming

Physical Science Series: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Physical Science Series: Atomic Structure and the Periodic TableTable (17:23) – quiz follows (17:23) – quiz follows

© 1998 United Streaming© 1998 United Streaming Discovering the ElementsDiscovering the Elements (57:12) – Two games follow (57:12) – Two games follow

© 1996 United Learning© 1996 United Learning

Take quizTake quiz

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1212

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Carbon6

C12.011

Element Name

Element Symbol

Atomic Number

Mass Numberor Atomic Mass

Guided Practice Assignment:

Look up the following elements in the periodic table. Draw a box like the one above for each. Identify the atomic number and mass number.

Group 1: H, O, F Group 3: Na, Mg, I

Group 2: N, Li, He Group 4: Ca, Cl, K

1313

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A few more…A few more… Q: Where does one put dirty dishes?Q: Where does one put dirty dishes?

A: In the “zinc”A: In the “zinc”

Q: What weapon can you make from the Q: What weapon can you make from the elements of potassium, nickel, and iron?elements of potassium, nickel, and iron? A: A: KNiFeKNiFe

Q: What is the difference between cooking Q: What is the difference between cooking and chemistry?and chemistry? A: You should A: You should nevernever lick the spoon lick the spoon

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WEBQUESTWEBQUEST Choose a partner whose favorite subject is the same as Choose a partner whose favorite subject is the same as

yours (use the This Is Me inventory)yours (use the This Is Me inventory) Follow the instructions on this website for your Follow the instructions on this website for your

assignment: assignment: http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/ http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/

Read all topics:Read all topics: History of the Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table Inside an Atom Inside an Atom Reading the Periodic Table Reading the Periodic Table Metals, Nonmetals, & MetalloidsMetals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

Choose an element to do your final task and present to Choose an element to do your final task and present to your class:your class:

Element ADventure WebQuestElement ADventure WebQuest You will review and provide feedback to another group’s You will review and provide feedback to another group’s

ad presentation and will be graded on how you do your ad presentation and will be graded on how you do your critique.critique.

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Your CritiqueYour Critique Read the personal inventory of both Read the personal inventory of both

members of the group you are to critiquemembers of the group you are to critique Write a letter to the group addressing the Write a letter to the group addressing the

good points and not-so-good points of good points and not-so-good points of their adtheir ad

Provide ideas on how they could improve Provide ideas on how they could improve their adtheir ad

Assign the group a grade for their projectAssign the group a grade for their project Go over your critique with the group Go over your critique with the group

explaining your commentsexplaining your comments Be honest, be fair, be mindful of other Be honest, be fair, be mindful of other

students’ feelingsstudents’ feelings