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October 22 Gender, Individuals and Institutions

Williams “A Bridge between two worlds”

October 27 Politics and Economy Chapter 11 The McDonaldization of Society #14

Blackboard on-line Assignment

November 3 Religion and Economy Yuuyaraq 1-36

November 5 Marriage and the Family Chapter 12

November 10 But this is my mother! #13

November 12 Education and Religion Chapter 13

November 17 Social MovementsPopulation and Urbanization

Chapter 14 The Animal Rights Crusade #21

November 19 Chapters 11-14 and Readings and notes from class

Exam 3

November 24 Social Change Chapter 15 Last day to turn in projects for full credit review Yuuyaraq

Hatful of quotesGround rules

Every person reads one quotation out loud. After you have read your own quotation you may share some information about it or you may respond to previous comments. Stick to the text. After you have spoken, please wait until everyone has a turn before you speak again.Take notes because you may want to share your reactions after everyone has a chance to speak.

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A Bridge Between Two Worldsthe term half breed gets a new

definitionby Brad Williams

photos by Jason Rand"A Bridge Between Two Worlds,"

Brad Williams, "True North," Spring 1999, p. 10-14

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 3

Socialization

• Lifelong process of social interaction• through which individuals acquire

– a self identity– and the physical mental and social skills needed

for survival in society

George Herbert MeadDevelopment of “Self”

The self is able to take the role of

Recognizing the generalized other – “they”

Many others in many situations

Game stage Many others in one situation

Play stage One other in

one situation

Imitation No ability to take the role of the other

Role taking

• Process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person’s point of view

• Significant others– Those persons whose care, affection and approval

are especially desired and who are emost important in the development of self

• Generalized others– Demands and expectation of the society as a

whole or of the persons subculture “They”

When people ask what it is like being bi-racial, Dalton tells them that it is like having two people living inside of him at the same time. "One is the Eskimo elder, who is humble and wise with a lot of important things to say. The other is the proud German who demands that I go out there to say those things." he said.

"Because I’m a half-breed, people think I would have less of an idea of where I’m from," he said. These "two sides" have not always agreed upon everything, but Dalton has found his own answer. "You can either take the good of both and make yourself a better person. Or you can take the worst of both and be self destructive."

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 8

The Looking Glass SelfCharles Horton Cooley

• Self is derived from the reflections of others

• our perception of how other people think of us

• "When I went to Hooper Bay, [Alaska], my mom gave me a Yup’ik name, Cup’Luaraq. It means little reed pipe. Then she told me a little story: ‘You see, when we are walking with the land and need to drink, we use little reed pipe. You see when we are swimming with the water and need to breathe we use little reed pipe. You see, little reed pipe is the bridge between two worlds. Jack, you are the bridge between two worlds.’"

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 10

Resocialization

• “The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors” Henslin (2007) G9

• Tim Gilbert, 41, of Kotzebue takes pride in both his Inupiaq Eskimo and Metlakatla Tsimshian Indian heritage. He struggled with identity as a result of being raised by a non-Native adoptive family as well. "The burden of learning my Nativeness was solely on me," he recalled.

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 12

Hensley, daughter of Alaska Native activist, Willie Hensley, is Inupiaq Eskimo, English, Irish, Scottish, French, and Lithuanian. As a little girl she had always feared that the mixing of races would eventually result in everyone being gray. Even now, she contemplates her "fear of gray." "I have some concern that there will be this bleaching of things." She speaks of a type of "survivor’s guilt."

"I get the benefit of looking white. I feel like I should put a sign on myself that says ‘Look! I’m Native too!’" She adds, "I don’t disappear into either world. I’m something else altogether. To not be accepted either way makes us a third thing."

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 13

The U.S. Census Bureau is also struggling with racial labels and how they will apply to multiracial Americans on the national census in 2000. The Advisory Board for the Effect on Multiracial Self-classification and Census 2000 recognizes that inevitable changes will occur in the meaning of race and racial groups. They are not finding any easy metaphors or key slogans to describe what America is becoming.

The metaphors of a "melting pot" and "mosaic" fall short given what is known today. The melting pot suggests a loss of identity, and mosaic suggests that people will never come together, but rather maintain a rigid separation.

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 14

• Instead, according to the Census Advisory Board, America is becoming a new society based on a fresh mixture of immigrants, racial groups, religions and cultures, in search of a new language of diversity that is inclusive and will build trust. There is no simple way to say what race or racial groupings mean in America, because they mean very different things to those who are either in or out of the target "racial" group.

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 15

When people ask what it is like being bi-racial, Dalton tells them that it is like having two people living inside of him at the same time. "One is the Eskimo elder, who is humble and wise with a lot of important things to say. The other is the proud German who demands that I go out there to say those things." he said.

"Because I’m a half-breed, people think I would have less of an idea of where I’m from," he said. These "two sides" have not always agreed upon everything, but Dalton has found his own answer. "You can either take the good of both and make yourself a better person. Or you can take the worst of both and be self destructive."

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 16

Outsider opposed to Native. White versus Eskimo. Modern eliminating tradition. Blood quantums and heritage. These controversies all beg the question, "What does it mean to be Native?"

Being Native is a perception. Being Native is an identity. Being Native is where you are from. Being Native is who you are. But being multiracial in Alaska today questions all these statements and more.

Jack Dalton attempts to address the question: "There’s this idea that being Native means you are closer to nature and somehow more spiritual." However, for people of mixed lineage, "being Native" is not quite so simple. "The Native part of themselves has more to do with their outlook on life," he adds. "When you come right down to it, labels cannot define you." He feels that applications corner him into being something he does not relate to. "Other’ is not a race," Dalton said.

Brad Williams "A Bridge Between Two Worlds" True North 1999 p10-14 17