1 pelvic bones pelvic bones hip bone sacrum coccyx
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PELVIC BONESPELVIC BONES
• Hip bone
• Sacrum
• coccyx
PELVIC MUSCLESPELVIC MUSCLES
piriformis
obturator internus
levator ani
coccygeus
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
piriformis anterior surface of sacrum
greater trochanter of femur
laterally rotates and abducts thigh
obturator internus the internal surface of the obturator
membrane and margin of the
obturator foramen
greater trochante laterally rotates and abducts the thigh
levator ani posterior surface of the body of the pubis, fascia of the obturator
internus m., ischial spine
perineal body, anococcygeal
body and coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
coccygeusischial spine side of the coccyx and lower sacrum
elevates the pelvic floor
• Levator ani is the main muscle of the pelvic floor. It forms a funnel-shaped diaphragm in the pelvis between the lateral hip walls, the pubis anteriorly and the coccyx posteriorly. It is traversed by different structures in each sex:
• males:
• urethra
• anal canal
• females:
• urethra
• vagina
• anal canal
• Often, levator ani is considered as several separate muscle parts:
• pubovaginalis
• iliococcygeus
• pubococcygeus
• puborectalis
• However they have common features:
• origin: from a tendinous arch between the pubis and ischial spine on the internal surface of the pelvis
• insertion:
• perineal body
• external wall of anal canal
• anococcygeal ligament
• coccyx