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Revolutionary War

Protest, War and a New Country

Central Gwinnett High School

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Reasons for ProtestAfter the lesson you will draw your own political cartoon. You may draw a cartoon that supports the patriots or the loyalists.

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Sugar Act• This law set taxes on imports of

foreign sugar, textiles and other goods entering the colonies.

“If taxes are laid upon us in any shape without ever having a legal representation where they are laid, are we not reduced from the character of free subjects to the miserable state of tributary slaves?”

—excerpts from a Boston Town Meeting, May 24, 1764

With a partner, develop a slogan that you can use to protest the Sugar Act or no voice in government. Each student needs to draw a political cartoon that features your slogan..

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Stamp Act

• This law enabled the British to collect money by taxing all printed material.

• “No taxation without representation” becomes the protest slogan for the colonists.

Above is a British stamp that would be used to show that a colonist had paid the required taxes.

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Townshend Acts

• Taxes on imported goods from Great Britain such as glass, lead, paper, paint and tea.

• The colonists decided to boycott British goods. The Massachusetts assembly called for the boycott

• Britain dismissed the assembly and moved Redcoats into Boston

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Boston Massacre• The presence of British

soldiers led to trouble. A group of soldiers were guarding the customhouse in Boston.

• Colonists began to throw stones and snowballs at the soldiers

• British soldiers panicked and shot into the crowd killing 3 people.

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What do you believe?

The Colonial Viewpoint The British Viewpoint

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Time to Decide: Patriot or Loyalist.

You are going to write a persuasive letter to your best friend. Your job is to persuade him/her to join you as either a Patriot or Loyalists during the Revolutionary period. You will need to do the following to earn a good grade:

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The LetterParagraph One: This introductory paragraph shouldlet your friend know what side you are on.

Paragraph Two: You should provide your friend with your first persuasive argument. Make sure you giveexamples to back up your position.

Paragraph Three: Provide your friend with yoursecond persuasive point.

Paragraph Four: Provide your friend with your third reason for choosing your side.

Paragraph Five: Conclusion paragraph. Restate yourwishes.

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Tea Act Tea Act (1773)(1773)British East British East

India Co.:India Co.:Monopoly on British tea imports.

Many members of Parliament held shares.

Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to colonists without colonial middlemen (cheaper tea!)

British expected the colonies to eagerly choose the cheaper

tea..

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Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

The Tea Act angered the colonists because the colonists who sold tea would be ‘squeezed out.’ The Sons of Liberty organized a group of Patriots to dress up like Native Americans, sneak on board British ships and dump the tea overboard.

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The Intolerable The Intolerable ActsActs (1774)(1774)

1.1. No ship could come or leave No ship could come or leave Boston harborBoston harbor

2.2. No town meetings allowed in No town meetings allowed in MassachusettsMassachusetts

3.3. Customs officials charged with Customs officials charged with major crimes would be tried in major crimes would be tried in BritainBritain

4.4. British troops would be housed in British troops would be housed in colonists’ homes.colonists’ homes.

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Key Ideas, Terms, People

• Duties/taxes• Boycott• “No taxation without

Representation.”• Sons of Liberty/Liberty Boys• Redcoat

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First Continental Congress First Continental Congress (1774)(1774)

55 delegates from 12 colonies…55 delegates from 12 colonies…Georgia did not send delegatesGeorgia did not send delegates

AgendaAgenda How How to respond to to respond to the Intolerable the Intolerable ActsActs

1 vote per colony represented.1 vote per colony represented.

The Congress agreed to support The Congress agreed to support Massachusetts and to boycott Massachusetts and to boycott all British goods until the all British goods until the Intolerable Acts were repealed. Intolerable Acts were repealed.

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The British Are The British Are ComingComing . . .. . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere & & William DawesWilliam Dawes make make their midnight ride to warn the their midnight ride to warn the

MinutemenMinutemen of approaching British of approaching British soldiers.soldiers.

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The Shot Heard The Shot Heard ’’Round the WorldRound the World!!

LexingtonLexington & & ConcordConcord – – April 18,1775April 18,1775

The British heard a rumor The British heard a rumor that minutemen had that minutemen had a large store of arms a large store of arms in Concord, a town in Concord, a town near Bostonnear Boston

The Minutemen alerted The Minutemen alerted the people, “The the people, “The British are Coming!’British are Coming!’

In Lexington, a town near In Lexington, a town near Concord, 700 British Concord, 700 British soldiers soldiers encountered 70 encountered 70 minutemen and told minutemen and told them to ‘stand them to ‘stand down.’ Someone down.’ Someone fired and sparked fired and sparked the beginning of the the beginning of the American American Revolution.Revolution.

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Second Continental Congress

• Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, Patrick Henry

• “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

• Appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army

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Ben Franklin’s Cartoon:“Join or Die!”

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Sons of Liberty Daughters of Liberty

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Committees of Correspondence

• The Committees of Correspondence were organized by writing each other of incoming British threats to the cause of liberty.

• By writing these letters, these men were putting themselves in the “hot seat” of the king’s wrath.

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Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

• Thomas Paine wrote his pamphlet that explained how the colonies had needed their “mother country” but now they have all grown up to be independent. It was just “Common Sense” to be free.

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Salutary Neglect

• Because the colonies had been ignored for so long (salutary neglect), they had grown accustomed to making their own decisions. Then, when the king started to tax the colonies, they were resistant to the idea.

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Jefferson & Montesquieu

• Jefferson, an American, and Montesquieu, a Frenchman, were big proponents of democracy and the rights of people in a republic government.

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Marquis de Lafayette

• The French were eager to see England lose their territories in North America. Lafayette would become a valued ally to George Washington and would become a hero to the new Americans.

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Bunker Hill• Bunker Hill

overlooks Boston• “Don’t fire until you

see the whites of their eyes.”

• British victory was costly. More that 1,000 British soldiers and some 400 American militiamen were killed or wounded

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Washington’s First Victory

• Fort Ticonderoga• Moved captured cannons to

Dorchester Heights, overlooking Boston.

• British move troops out of the colonies for a brief period of time due to Washington’s superior position on the heights.

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Common Sense

• Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense

• The pamphlet attacked the idea of a monarchy.

• Paine insisted that Americans had the right to rule themselves.

• Best-seller throughout the colonies

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Declaration of Independence

• June 1776 the Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to prepare a statement that explained the need of independence

• Thomas Jefferson was main author• July 4, 1776 the delegates signed the

Declaration of Independence• Gwinnett, Hall and Walton from GA

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Declaration Of Independence

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Loss in New York

• June 1776, British move 10,000 troops into New York

• British push American troops out of New York City

• Splits the colonies into two sections• Thousands desert the American

militia

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War in Georgia

• The Patriots won at Kettle Creek and gained many weapons and supplies from the British army.

• The Tories re-gained Savannah when the British blockade took the city. The Patriots tried to re-take the city, but failed when the sneak attack was found out. Caismuir Pulaski died in that battle.

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War in Georgia

• Nancy Hart was a “Whig Woman” who captured 5 Tories by herself. They had come to her house for food, but they left there having had their “last meal”!

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Trenton and Princeton• Trenton – Washington

crossed the Delaware River into Trenton. Won the battle with few casualties.

• Princeton – Washington drove the British out of Princeton

• Both victories raised American spirits after the defeat at New York

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Saratoga

• British General Burgoyne moved his army from Canada to retake Fort Ticonderoga

• American General Horatio Gates had the militia form near Saratoga

• Burgoyne surrendered; turning point of the war

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Allies• When news of the American

victory at Saratoga reached France, France recognizes the government of the US and declares war on Britain.

• The French Army and Navy joined the Americans in the Revolution

• Spain also declared war on Britain

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Victory at Yorktown

• British General Cornwallis moves army to Yorktown, VA in 1781

• American and French soldiers surround Yorktown

• French Navy prohibits British Navy in joining fight

• Cornwallis surrenders; Americans win their independence

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Pictures of Yorktown

Cornwallis surrenders to Washington Historic Yorktown Main Street

Cannon on battlefield Victory MonumentIn Yorktown celebrating Independence

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Key ideas, terms, people, places• Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson,

Patrick Henry, William Howe, George Washington, John Burgoyne, Horatio Gates, Charles Cornwallis, Henry Knox, Benedict Arnold, Marquis de Lafayette

• Lexington, Concord, New York, Saratoga, Trenton, Princeton, Yorktown

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Key ideas, terms, people and places

• Minutemen, casualties, blockade, Loyalists, Patriots, Tories, revolution, independence, mercenaries, allies, Treaty of Paris 1783