1 rey culture shock 2006version
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Asalam AlaikumMABUYAY!
Greetings of Peace!
Rey
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DIVERSITY
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How was your trip?
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I HAVE BEEN TO:
Lanao del SurMaguindanao
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Lumad Communities
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Northern MindanaoBukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Oriental
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Central MindanaoNorth CotabatoSouth Cotabato
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Western MindanaoLanao del Norte,
Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur
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Southern MindanaoDavaoDavao del NorteDavao del Sur
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Culture and the workplace(A) Hofstede’s model
– Power distance– Individualism vs. collectivism– Uncertainty avoidance– Masculinity vs. femininity
(B) Evaluation of this model– Cultural boundaries =/= national boundaries– Research may be culturally bound– Dated sample from a single company: IBM
in the 1960s and 1970s
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Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
• 1. COLD-CLIMATE CULTURE
• 2. TASK ORIENTATION
• 3. DIRECT COMMUNICATION
• 4. INDIVIDUALISM• 5. PRIVACY• 6. DIFF. CONCEPT OF
HOSPITALITY• 7. LOW CONTEXT
(INFORMAL)• 8. PUNCTUAL
• 1. HOT-CLIMATE CULTURE
• 2. RELATIONSHIP ORIENTATION
• 3. INDIRECT COMMUNCIATION
• 4. GROUP IDENTITY• 5. INCLUSION• 6. DIFF. CONCEPT OF
HOSPITALITY• 7. HIGH CONTEXT
(FORMAL)• 8. FLEXIBLE TIME
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• COLD-CLIMATE CULTURES• 1. ARE TASK-ORIENTED.• 2. COMMUNICATIONS MUST PROVIDE
ACCURATE INFORMATION.• 3. THO INDIVIDUALS MAY BE OTHERWISE,
THE SOCIETY IS LOGIC-ORIENTED.• 4. EFFICIENCY & TIME R HI PRIORITIES, &
TAKING THEM SERIOUSLY IS A STATEMENT OF RESPECT 4 D OTHER PERSON.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 2. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• HOT-CLIMATE CULTURES • 1. R RELATIONSHIP-BASED.• 2. COMMUNICATIONS MUST CREATE A “FEEL-
GOOD” ATMOSPHERE.• 3. THO D INDIVIDUAL MAY BE OTHERWISE, D
SOCIETY IS FEELING-ORIENTED.• 4. EFFICIENCY & TIME DO NOT TAKE PRIORITY
OVER THE PERSON.• 5. IT IS INAPPROPRIATE 2 “TALK BUSINESS”
UPON 1ST ARRIVING AT A BUSINESS MEETING OR MAKING A BUSINESS PHONE CALL.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Ch. 2. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• Cold-Climate: Direct Communication:• 1. Short, direct question show respect 4 d
person’s time & professionalism.• 2. A yes is a yes & a no is a no. There r no
hidden meanings.• 3. An honest, direct answer is information only.
It does not reflect on how d person feels about u.
• 4. U can say what u think (nicely), & it will usually not be taken personally.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 3. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• Hot-Climate: Indirect Communication:• 1. It’s all about being friendly.• 2. Every question must be phrased so that u
don’t offend others by its directness.• 3. Use a 3rd party 4 accurate info if u sense that
a direct question will be 2 harsh, or not get the results u r seeking.
• 4. A yes may mean yes, no, or maybe. So, avoid a yes-no question.
• 5. Avoid embarrassing people.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 3. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• COLD-CLIMATE: INDIVIDUALIST CULTURE • 1. I AM A SELF-STANDING PERSON, W/ MY OWN
IDENTITY.• 2. EVERY 1 SHOULD HAVE AN OPINION & CAN
SPEAK 4 HER/HIMSELF.• 3. TAKING INITIATIVE W/IN A GROUP IS GOOD &
EXPECTED.• 4. 1 MUST KNOW HOW TO MAKE 1’S OWN
DECISIONS.• 5. MY BEHAVIOR REFLECTS ON ME, NOT ON THE
GROUP.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 4. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• HOT-CLIMATE: GROUP-ORIENTED CULTURE• 1. I BELONG, THEREFORE I AM.• 2. MY IDENTITY IS TIED 2 D GROUP (FAMILY,
TRIBE…)• 3. TAKING INITIATIVE W/IN A GROUP CAN BE
GREATLY DETERMINED BY MY ROLE.• 4. I DO NOT EXPECT 2 HAVE 2 STAND ALONE.• 5. MY BEHAVIOR REFLECTS ON D WHOLE
GROUP.• THE SOUTHERN U.S. WOULD BE A HOT-CLIMATE
CULTURE THAT DOES NOT NECESSARILY FIT D GROUP ORIENTATION.
• 6. TEAM MEMBERS EXPECT DIRECTION FROM THE LEADER.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 4. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• Cold-Climate (Privacy) Cultures:• 1. People enjoy having time & space 2 themselves.• 2. People r expected 2 ask permission 2 borrow
something or 2 interrupt a conversation.• 3. Each 1 is considered 2 b d steward of 1’s
possessions & has d responsibility 2 maintain & protect them.
• 4. In a community setting, it might be common 2 label 1’s food, tools, etc. 2 set them apart from d group’s common possessions.
• 5. It is acceptable 2 hold private conversations or make exclusive plans w/ a few people, not including everyone.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 5. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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• Hot-Climate (Inclusion) Cultures:• 1. r group-oriented culture.• 2. Individuals know they r automatically
included in conversation, meals, & d other activities of d group.
• 3. Possessions r 2 be used freely by all: food, tools, etc.
• 4. It is not desirable 2 b left 2 oneself.• 5. It is rude 2 hold a private conversation or
make plans that exclude others present.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 5. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 6. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
• Cold-Climate Hospitality:• 1. H. is taken very seriously & is planned 4• 2. It is usu. Not as spontaneous. D host usu needs
advanc notice of a visit.• 3. Travelers r expected 2 make their own arrangemts
other than what is specifically communicated 2 the host ahead of time.
• 4. Guests need 2 expect 2 pay 4 their transportation & restaurants if visiting in d U.S. If d host plans 2 pay, s/he usu will say so.
• 5. H. is a special occasion, taking d full attention of d host.
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• Hot-Climate Hospitality:• 1. H. is spontaneous, oft w/o an advance
invitation.• 2. It is d context 4 relationship (even a business
relationship).• 3. H. usu. Takes place in d home.• 4. A gift is usu. Expected.• 5. Food & drinks r involved.• 6. Travelers r taken in & provided 4.
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 6. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 7. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
• Cold-Climate: Low-Context Societies (nothing matters, anything goes—w/in reason)
• 1. Who u know matters, but not as much. What u know is more important.
• 2. Do not be offended by d casual atmosphere.• 3. Lack of protocol does not mean rejecting, nor is
dishonoring.• 4. They do not know what your rules r, so leave your
rules at home.• 5. Address people by their given names, unless others
use titles.
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Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 7. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.• Hot-Climate: High-Context Societies (Everything
matters)• 1. Who u r related 2 matters.• 2. Who u know matters.• 3. It is better 2 overdress than 2 underdress.• 4. Watch 2 see how others respond in a situation in
order 2 apply appropriate behavior.• 5. Remember 2 honor d people u r dealing w/; 2
casual is insulting.• 6. Ask a local person who has lived overseas 4 a while
what is important 2 know.• 7. Use manners.• 8. Respect d rules.• 9. Give attention 2 appropriate greetings.
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• Concept of Time: Cold-Climate Cultures:• 1. R time-oriented.• 2. R structrured in their approach 2 life.• 3. Enjoy using time efficiently.• 4. Try 2 plan their day, & saving time is a value.• 5. Expect d event (dinner, arrival of guest, or
meeting 2 begin at d time announced. Visiting or informally chatting happens b4 or after d event).
Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 8. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
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Sarah A. Lanier (2000). Chap. 8. Foreign to Familiar. Clarkesville, GA: McDougal Publishing.
• Concept of Time: Hot-Climate Cultures• 1. R not as oriented toward d clock as cold-climate
cultures.• 2. R event-oriented.• 3. R spontaneous & flexible in their approach 2 life.• 4. Respond 2 what life brings.• 5. Consider that saving time is not as important as
experiencing d moment.• 6. Recognize that structure is required in some areas
of life (e.g. d military)• 7. Have informal visiting as part of d event
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FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS
• WORLD SITUATION• NATIONAL SITUATION• REGIONAL SITUATION• HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC,
POLITICAL, CULTURAL, & PERSONALITIES (SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY…)
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CULTURE SHOCKRey Ty
Kuya Rey
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TAKE YOUR OWN PHOTOS
• We will take official photographs
• Please take your own photos with your cameras
• NIU faculty, management & staff are not your personal photographers
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COURTESY
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CONFUCIUS SAYS:
• Great minds discuss ideas.• Average minds discuss
events.• Small minds discuss people.
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DIGNITY
• There is dignity in all work: manual, mental and all.
• Factory work, university work, grocery work, restaurant work
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RESPECT
• Treat everyone with respect.• Treat others as you want to be treated.
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NON-DISCRIMINATION
• Treat people of all colors equally: black, brown, white…
• Treat people of different incomes equally: poor, middle class, rich
• Treat people of all professions equally: drivers, janitors, custodians, professors, waitresses, directors, secretaries
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HUMILITY
• Humility is a sign of maturity• Be humble, NOT hambug (Filipino word
for “arrogant”)!
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GREET
• Greet everyone who you work with or who works with you or for you
• Drivers, secretaries, instructors, waiters, waitresses
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4 MINIMUM WORDS
• 1. Hi!• 2. Please…• 3. Thanks!• 4. Bye!
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SAY…
• SAY “HELLO” TO JOCELYN & OTHER STAFF MEMBERS IN THE HOTEL
• GREET & THANK DRIVERS• SAY THANK YOU (OR “YOU’RE
WELCOME”) WHEN PEOPLE THANK YOU
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CROSSING THE STREET
• Do not jaywalk• Make sure the light for pedestrians is green.• When crossing a pedestrian lane, first, turn
your head left & look left, then wave a “thank you” sign or say “thank you”, cross carefully, and turn your head right and look right, then make a “thank you” sign, and cross carefully.
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A. Enculturation = process of learning the
culture of your birth
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Enculturation process of learning the culture of
your birth
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B. Acculturation = process of learning a culture different from
your native culture
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Acculturation process of learning a culture
different from your native culture
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Culture Shock
• When placed in a foreign culture people tend to experience culture shock, the frustration from having to learn to cope with new cultural cues and expectations
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SHOP
• Lip Balm, Chapstick• Lotion• Paracetamol or aspirin
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FIRST BRUSH W/ U.S. CULTURE
• FIGHT IN THE CAFETERIA• WHAT TO DO?
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Months Living in New Culture
1 2 3 4 5 6
Acc
epta
nce
of N
ew C
ultu
re
High
Low
Frustration
Understanding
Elation
Stages of Culture Shock
Daniels & Radebaugh, Int’l Business
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Sources of Problems in Communication
• Language differences
• Nonverbal patterns
• Stereotypes
• Evaluation of behaviors
• Stress
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Culture ShockCulture shock is the process of adjusting to a new
country and a new culture.
Stages of Culture Shock:1) Preliminary:Preparation, Excitement2) Spectator: Honeymoon, Fascination,
Euphoria3) Shock: Irritability, Hostility, Depression,
Sadness4) Acculturation: Understanding and
Adjustment5) Integration and Acceptance6) Reverse Culture Shock: Re-Entry
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Honeymoon Honeymoon Culture of Recovery & Origin Adjustment Adjustment Overseas Home Disorientation Confrontation with Disorientation the new culture Confrontation with self and/or familiar
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Clash Clash of of
Cultures?Cultures?
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Implications for Us
• Be conscious of your own nonverbal behavior• Avoid judging student’s behavior by your values• Recognize that the learning environment in the
U.S. may differ from what the you are accustomed to
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WHAT IS CULTURE?
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CULTURE
• Edward B. Tylor: "Culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." (1871)
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Culture
• Definition• Components of culture• Technology and culture• Cultural Diversity• Theoretical Analysis
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CULTURE
• 1. the arts collectively: art, music, literature, and related intellectual activities
• Culture is necessary for a healthy society.
• 2. knowledge and sophistication: enlightenment and sophistication acquired through education and exposure to the arts
• They are people of culture.• 3. shared beliefs and values of a group: the beliefs,
customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people
• Southeast Asian culture
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• 4. people with shared beliefs and practices: a group of people whose shared beliefs and practices identify the particular place, class, or time to which they belong
• 5. shared attitudes: a particular set of attitudes that characterizes a group of people
• The company tries hard to avoid a blame culture.• 6. growing biological material in special conditions:
the growing of biological material, especially plants, microorganisms, or animal tissue, in a nutrient substance in specially controlled conditions for scientific, medical, or commercial purposes
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• 7. biology biological material grown in special conditions: biological material, especially plants, microorganisms, or animal tissue, grown in a nutrient substance culture medium in specially controlled conditions for scientific, medical, or commercial purposes
• 8. tillage: the cultivation of the land or soil in
preparation for growing crops or plants
• 9. improvement: the development of a skill or expertise through training or education
• physical culture
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I. Culture = specialized lifestyle of a group of people including: values, beliefs, artifacts, behaviors and communication styles.
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What is Culture?• Culture is the values, beliefs, behavior, and
material objects that together form a people’s way of life.
• Can also be referred to as that which differentiates human beings from other creatures.
• It is a shared way of life or social heritage
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CULTURES
• Dominant Culture• Sub-Cultures• Counter-Cultures or Alternative Cultures• Minority Cultures• Suppressed and Minoritized Cultures
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Types of culture• Non-material culture – intangible human
creations• Material culture – tangible creations of a
society
• Shapes what we do• Helps form our personalities• Informs our definition of what is ‘normal ‘
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Components of Culture• Symbols• Language• Values and Beliefs• Norms• Ideal and Real Culture
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Components of culture• Symbols:
A symbol is anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture (a flag, a word, a flashing red light, a raised fist, an animal etc).
-Diverse meanings can be given to different variations of the same object, for example, the winking of an eye.
-Culture shock is a result of inability to read meanings in an unfamiliar environment.-Symbolic meanings also vary within the same society.
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Components of culture (contd’)• Language
A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
Functions:--Enhances communication-Ensures continuity of culture-Identifies societies or groups-Determines how the world is perceived
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Components of culture (contd’)• Values and Beliefs
-VALUES are culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
BELIEFS are specific statements that people hold to be true (e.g. The possibility that the US will one day have a female president - based on the shared value of equal opportunity)
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What is/are Philippine culture(s)?
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What are the similarities between the U.S. and Philippine
cultures?
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What are the differences between the U.S. and Philippine
cultures?
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IdentityIndividualism vs. collectivism
• Highly individualistic– Weak family ties.– Privacy is normal.– Lasting relationship difficult to achieve.– Confrontation is normal.– Teachers encourage individual initiative.– Students expected to speak up.– Purpose of education is learning how to
learn.
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• Highly collectivistic– Strong family ties.– Harmony should be maintained
and confrontation avoided.– Students’ individual initiatives
discouraged.– Students will not speak up in class.– Purpose of education is learning
how to do.
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HierarchyPower distance
• High power distance– Parents teach children obedience.– Students dependent on teacher.– Teacher-centered education.– Teachers initiate all communication
in class.
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• Low power distance societies– Parents treat children as equals.– Children treat parents and older
relatives as equals.– Teachers treat students as equals.– Student-centered education.– Quality of learning depends on two-way
communication and excellence of students.
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DIFFERENCES• USA• Egalitarian• Informal• Individualistic• Task Oriented• Short-Term, Fluid
Relationship• Uncertainty
Avoidance
• Philippines• Hierarchical• Formal• Group-Oriented• Relationship-Focused• Long-Term, Stable
Relationship• Certainty Avoidance
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DIFFERENCES
• Direct Indirect• Competitive Cooperative• Analytic Relational• Future Focused Past/present• Earned Status Inherited Status
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SYMPTOMS OF CULTURE SHOCK
• fight, • flight, • filter and • flex
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SYMPTOMS OF CULTURE SHOCK
• Physical Emotional • Inability to sleep Homesickness• Excessive sleeping Irritability• Chronic fatigue Boredom• Head- or backaches Anger• Weight gain or loss Depression• Frequent illness Low self-esteem • Skin rashes Arrogance• Substance abuse Hypercriticality• Compulsive behaviors Withdrawal
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Components of culture (contd’)• U S Values
(according to Sociologist Robin Williams)1. Equal opportunity2. Achievement and success3. Material comfort4. Activity and work5. Practicality and efficiency6. Progress7. Science8. Democracy and free enterprise9. Freedom10. Racism and group superiority
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Components of culture (contd’)• Conflict of Values
-Some dominant cultural values contradict others. For example, racism and group superiority go against the equality of opportunity.
NORMS-Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members
• TYPES– PROSCRIPTIVE
• Should nots, prohibited– PRESCRIPTIVE
• Shoulds, prescribed like medicine
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Components of culture (contd’)FURTHER BREAKDOWN:-
• MORES (“MORE-ays”)-These are norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
• FOLKWAYS-Norms for routine or casual interaction (e.g. appropriate greeting or dressing)
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Components of culture (contd’)• “Ideal” and “Real” Culture
Ideal culture prescribes how we should behave.
Real culture describes what actually occurs in our everyday life.
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Visible Culture
Food
Fiestas
Famous People
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Impact of Visible Culture
• Language differences• Role expectations for male and females• Level of parent involvement in schooling• Parents’ understanding of grading
practices
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Deep Culture
• Values, beliefs that influence they way people think, act, communicate
• Unspoken rules• Unconscious rules
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Impact of Deep Culture
• The greatest challenges people face in adjusting to a new culture
• An important part of the dynamics of the teaching-learning process in all classrooms
• Impact on the way students learn and the way we teach
Frequency of stimulation Types of questions asked
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How Culture Affects Our Lives
• The effects of our own culture generally remain imperceptible to us.
• These learned and shared ways penetrate our being.
• Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us.
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Cultural Orientations
• Culture Shock - the disorientation that people experience when they come into contact with a different culture.
• Ethnocentrism - the tendency to use one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other societies.
• It can create in group loyalties or lead to harmful discrimination.
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Subcultures andCountercultures
• Subculture - a world within the larger world of the dominant culture.
• A subculture has a distinctive way of looking at life.
• The values and norms tend to be compatible with the larger society.
• Counterculture - a subculture whose values place its members in opposition to the values of the broader culture.
• An assault on core values is always met with resistance.
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Cultural Universals
• Cultural universals - values, norms, or other cultural traits that are found everywhere.
• Although there are universal human activities, there is no universally accepted way of doing any of them.
• Humans have no biological imperative that results in one particular form of behavior throughout the world.
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Cultural Lag, Diffusion, and Leveling
• Cultural lag - not all parts of a culture change at the same pace.
• Material culture usually changes before nonmaterial culture.
• Cultural diffusion – the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another.
• Travel and communication unite us.– Cultural leveling - a
process in which cultures become similar to one another.
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Cross-Cultural Miscommunication
• Problem is not due to lack of goodwill.• Problem is that meaning is not contained
in words or actions alone.• Message is interpreted by the receiver.• At times non-verbal communication can be
misinterpreted
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Minorities in USA Today
12% African American13% Latinos (Hispanic)
4% Asian and Pacific Islanders1% Native American
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EgalitarianEgalitarian
IndividualisticIndividualistic
Task OrientedTask Oriented
Shorter-Term Fluid RelationshipShorter-Term Fluid Relationship
InformalInformal
Post-ModernPost-Modern
Cultural AnalysisCultural Analysis
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Cultural AnalysisCultural Analysis
HierarchicalHierarchical
Group-orientedGroup-oriented
Relationship FocusedRelationship Focused
Longer-term Stable RelationshipLonger-term Stable Relationship
FormalFormal
TraditionalTraditional
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Cultural AnalysisCultural Analysis
Direct CommunicationDirect Communication
Analytic ThinkingAnalytic Thinking
Future Focus; InnovativeFuture Focus; Innovative
Status is earnedStatus is earned
CompetitiveCompetitive
POST-MODERNPOST-MODERN
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Cultural AnalysisCultural Analysis
Indirect CommunicationIndirect Communication
Relational ThinkingRelational Thinking
Past/Present Focus; ConservativePast/Present Focus; Conservative
Status is inheritedStatus is inherited
CooperativeCooperative
TRADITIONALTRADITIONAL
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Power Differences
High Power Distance power is in the hands of a few
Brazil India
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Low Power Distance power is evenly distributed
throughout the citizenry
Denmark New Zealand
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Collectivistpromotes group values as most
important
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High-Context most information is the context or
person rather than the verbal message
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Low-Context most information is stated explicitly
in the verbal messageU.S.A.
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Are we Are we stereotypingstereotyping
??Stop!Stop!
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Generalizing Generalizing vs. vs.
StereotypingStereotyping
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Understanding the U.S. Culture
Characteristics considered as “typically American”:
•Individuality
•Independence & Self-reliance
•Honesty & Frankness
•Competitiveness
•Measuring Success
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Social Customs
Greetings
Use of Names
Friendliness & Friendships
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GreetingsFormal Greetings:
"How do you do" "Good morning" "Good afternoon," & "Good evening"
Usually people will simply say: "Hi" or "Hello “ or “What’s up?” or
“Howdy?”
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Use of Names
It is acceptable to use the first name of someone approximately of your same age or younger.
You should say "Mr." (for men) or "Ms." (for women) and the person's last name when talking to people in positions of authority.
Do not be shy to ask people how they would like you to call them.
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Social Invitations
An invitation is not firm unless a time and place is set.
If you have accepted an invitation or if a meeting has been set, Americans usually expect you to arrive at the agreed location at the right time.
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Friendliness and Friendships
It is common for Americans to be informal and casual, even with perfect strangers.
Do not be surprised if somebody you do not know says "Hi!" to you for no reason.
People often say “How are you?”. The accepted response is “Fine, thank you.”
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Interpersonal Relationships
Directness, openness, and honesty
Friendliness and informality
Confrontation (vs. Indirection in non-western cultures)
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When formally invited to someone's home, it is considerate to bring a gift to your host.
Thank your host or hostess when you leave.
It is considerate to send a thank you note as well or to telephone your thanks the following day.
Customs Regarding Hospitality
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Punctuality is one of the most highly valued personal traits.
If you know you will be unable to arrive on time, it is customary to telephone the hosts to let them know when you will arrive.
To be late for an invitation/engagement is considered insulting to the person who is kept waiting.
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Behaviors and actions which will almost always get a negative reaction from most Americans:
- 1. being late
- 2. not keeping appointments
- 3. not calling to explain why, and
- 4. treating women as less important than men
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Behaviors and actions not regarded as being positive or negative in the U.S:
- 1. using the left hand to give something to someone
- 2. calling someone using the right index finger
- 3. looking directly in the eyes of an elder or a woman (other than one's wife)
- 4. putting one's foot/feet on top of the office desk/chair
Should these behaviors occur, no insult or disrespect is intended or assumed.
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Personal SpaceAmericans tend to require more personal space than in other cultures.
If the person to whom you are speaking backs away a little, don't try to close the gap.
Avoid physical contact while you are speaking,
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Telephone Etiquette
When you call someone, it is polite to identify yourself
It is not polite to call someone before 9 am or after 10 pm, unless it is an emergency.
The only exception would be if he or she told you it is ok to call earlier or later.
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1. ETHNOCENTRISM2.CULTURAL RELATIVISM3. COMMON HUMAN VALUES
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1. Racist2. Romantic3. Cosmopolitan
ATTITUDES
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Ethnocentric
Polycentric
GeocentricBitter,
Sweet, &Bittersweet
ATTITUDES
Int’l Business, Ch. 16Hiring and Managing Employees, by Wild, Wild, & Han
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TRAITS THAT CORRELATE WITH FAILURE IN CROSS-CULTURAL
INTERACTIONS• Low tolerance to ambiguity or high uncertainty avoidance• Overly task-oriented or high need for individual achievement• Closed-minded & inflexible
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As you try to become familiar with the new culture, keep the following in mind….
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Do not travel with misconceptions!
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Do not be judgmental.
Residence Halls
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Keep an open mind.
Be sensitive to new culture cues you will be receiving.
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Take a positive attitude & open mind with you
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Explore DeKaIb & Chicago!!!
Strive to know as much as you can…
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However, IN ORDER NOT TO CROSS ETHICAL BOUNDARIES…
Inform others about your religious or dietary restrictions
1) pro-actively (best) or2) reactively (too late?)
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MARAMING SALAMAT!
THANK YOU!