1 student launch initiative 2011 – 2012 aiaa oc rocketeers frr presentation april 9, 2012 student...
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STUDENT LAUNCH INITIATIVESTUDENT LAUNCH INITIATIVE2011 – 20122011 – 2012
AIAA OC RocketeersAIAA OC RocketeersFRR PresentationFRR Presentation
April 9, 2012April 9, 2012
Student Launch Initiative
AIAA OC Rocketeers
AgendaAgenda Introduction of team members (representing 4 high schools in Introduction of team members (representing 4 high schools in
Orange County California)Orange County California) Scale model testing and resultsScale model testing and results Full Scale DesignFull Scale Design
• VehicleVehicle• UAV Payload – Description, Safety, and TestingUAV Payload – Description, Safety, and Testing• Recovery System and EventsRecovery System and Events• GPSGPS• IntegrationIntegration
Feedback form checklistFeedback form checklist Risks and SafetyRisks and Safety Educational OutreachEducational Outreach Budget and TimelineBudget and Timeline Corrected 3 slides, added scale launches 2&3 & RC plane testingCorrected 3 slides, added scale launches 2&3 & RC plane testing
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FullFullScaleScale
DesignDesign
Vehicle – Full ScaleVehicle – Full Scale
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Parameter Details
Length/Diameter 125 inches / 5 inches
Material .075” thick filament wound Carbon Fiber from Performance Rocketry
Shock Cord 1” Tubular Nylon
Center of Pressure/Center of Gravity 94”/78.3”behind nose tip
Stability Margin 3.14
Launch System / Exit Velocity 1” 8ft Rail / 80.4 ft/s
Vehicle – Full Scale cont’dVehicle – Full Scale cont’d
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Parameter Details
Liftoff Weight 20.8 lbs
Descent Weight 17.8 lbs
Preferred Motor Aerotech K1050
Thrust to weight ratio 11.35 (1050 Newtons average thrust = 236 N / 20.8 lb vehicle)
Maximum ascent velocity 748.62 ft/s
Maximum acceleration 445.61 ft/s/s
Peak Altitude 5244 ft
Drogue – Descent rate 77.75 ft/s
Lower section under Main – Descent rate (Kinetic energy at ground level)
17.4 ft/s (48 ftlb-force)
Upper section under its own chute – descent rate (Kinetic energy at ground level)
17.2 ft/s (24.4 ftlb-force)
UAV on its own parachute – descent rate (Kinetic energy at ground level if UAV is not released)
18.5 ft/s (5.33 ftlb-force)
Vehicle – Forward SectionVehicle – Forward Section
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Parameter Details
Nose Cone Carbon Fiber 24” long
Body Tube .075” thick Carbon fiber 5” diameter x 56” long
Bulkhead ½” plywood with fiberglass on both faces with “U” bolt for shock cord attachment
Shock Cord 1” Tubular Nylon x 20 ft + 4 ft (Piston)
Sabot Carbon Fiber coupler, split lengthwise, hinged
Forward Cavity 10” x 5” diameter for ejection charge, shock cord, GPS, and forward section parachute (56” – 5” for avionics bay – 5” for nose cone – 31” for sabot – 5” for piston)
Ejection Charge 1.8 grams (250 lbs)
Vehicle – Avionics BayVehicle – Avionics Bay
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Parameter Details
Bay Material Carbon Fiber tubing 12” long – coupler for 5” body tube
Body Tube .075” thick Carbon fiber 5” diameter x 1” long
Bulkhead ½” plywood with fiberglass on both faces with closed eye bolt for shock cord attachment
Sled 1/8” plywood with ¼” threaded rods the entire length
Electronics HCX and Raven flight computers, Batteries
Terminal Blocks (for ejection chg)
Aft: Drogue primary and backup, Main primary and backupForward: UAV deploy primary and backup
Vehicle – Rear SectionVehicle – Rear Section
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Parameter Details
Body Tube .075” thick Carbon fiber 5” diameter x 38.75” long
Centering Rings 2ply x 3/32” = 3/16” fiberglass with “U” bolt for shock cord
Shock Cord 1” Tubular Nylon x 15 ft + 15 ft + 6 ft (across Tender Descender)
Rear Cavity 12.75” x 5” diameter for ejection charge, shock cord, GPS, and forward section parachute (38.75 + 3” for tailcone + 4” inside avionics bay – 6” for avionics bay overlap - 27” for motor)
Ejection Charge 3.25 grams (250lbs)
Tender Descender
.2 grams (per the data sheet)
Aerotech K1050Aerotech K1050(Alternate: Cesaroni K600) (Alternate: Cesaroni K600)
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Designation K-1050W-SU Total Weight 2128 grams
Manufacturer Aerotech Propellant Weight
1362 grams
Motor Type Single Use Average Thrust 1050.0 N
Diameter 54.0 mm Maximum Thrust 2164.0 N
Length 67.6 cm Total Impulse 2530.0 Ns
Propellant White Lightning
Burn Time 2.3 s
Cert Organization
TRA Isp 189 s
Launch SimulationsLaunch Simulations
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• Simulations were run using Rocksim• Over 100 simulations were run to fine tune vehicle• Dimensions, weights, and launch conditions were varied• Once vehicle was designed varied engines to attain 1 mile altitude• Verified top speed was still subsonic• Verified range with varied winds
Vehicle ConstructionVehicle Construction
• Bulkheads and centering rings are laminated 3/16” thick fiberglass Bulkheads and centering rings are laminated 3/16” thick fiberglass with 1/8” thick honeycomb or 9 layer plywood betweenwith 1/8” thick honeycomb or 9 layer plywood between
• Fins are 0.188” thick fiberglassFins are 0.188” thick fiberglass• Proline 4500 high temperature epoxy is used on the motor tubeProline 4500 high temperature epoxy is used on the motor tube• West systems epoxy is used everywhere else on the bodyWest systems epoxy is used everywhere else on the body• Attachment points are all “U” boltsAttachment points are all “U” bolts 1111
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The vehicle is made of composite materials
• Body tube is 5” diameter .075” thick filament wound carbon fiber• The nose cone is the same material• Sabot is thinner couple but of the same material
Bulkheads and ringsBulkheads and rings
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To keep down weight in this carbon fiber vehicle, all bulkheads and centering rings use composite construction with fiberglass sandwiching light-weight honeycomb material or, where more strength is required, 9 layer ½” thick plywood
Body TubesBody Tubes
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The carbon fiber body tubes cut relatively easily using a hacksaw
Lengthwise cuts for the sabot and fin slots were made using a Dremel tool
The carbon fiber was under a great deal of compression and wanted to close in on itself during the cutting
Motor MountMotor Mount
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The motor mount is made of 2 12” long 54mm fiberglass motor tubes
They are joined together with the ½” thick composite fiberglass – plywood centering ring reinforced with fiberglass tape
The other two rings are composite fiberglass and honeycomb
Other DetailsOther Details
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The sabot end caps are ½” thick 9 ply plywood with fiberglass on the outer end
Heavy “U” bolts and hinge are used
The avionics by is stepped plywood to promote a good seal capped with fiberglass – the inside is sprayed with an RF shield
Fin attachmentFin attachment
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Fins are carefully marked using the fin jig
Fins are epoxied in place using high temperature and West Systems adhesive
Alignment is held when epoxy cures in the fin jig
The end is left open to reinforce the joints
Finally, fiberglass tape is applied
UAV Payload SystemUAV Payload System
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The UAV Payload has been simplified since the original proposal due to
• Safety concerns (recovery in the event of partial system failure)• Space and weight limitations of the UAV• Time constraints
The UAV System consists of• 2.4 GHz RC Control via Spektrum DX-8• 434.92 MHz GPS real time downlink• 1.2 GHz Video downlink• Video data converted to USB for interface similar to web cam
Note: Rocket also uses two separate GPS transmitters for tracking
UAV Mechanical ComponentsUAV Mechanical Components
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• Mechanically, the UAV is composed of two main parts
• Bendable wing developed at University of Florida• Fuselage, vertical and horizontal stabilizer (modified to fit) from the Electrifly RC Airplane
• Wing • Wingspan 30 inches• Weight 12 grams• Material Carbon Fiber
• Fuselage• Length 30 inches• Weight 140g• Material fiberglass
• Parachute release mechanism is electrically controlled servo activated by one channel of the AR-8000 RC receiver• Vehicle with electronics is 1.4 lb
Bendable Wing Bendable Wing FabricationFabrication
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• Wing design was developed at University of Florida (UF) for use in UAVs deployed from a tube• Northrop Grumman used their CNC machine to make three molds mold (18”, 24”, and 30”) from our file and tooling board • Carbon fiber cloth is 6 oz 3K Twill Weave pre-preg• Cloth is laid at 45 degree angle to direction of motion of the wing through the air• Northrop Grumman formed our wing from our mold using their non-flight autoclave • Cloth is laid over the mold and placed in a vacuum bag (mold and vacuum bag are protected with release film• The pressure is then lowered as close to 30” of mecury as possible• The vacuum bag and contents are baked at 260 – 350 degrees for about 6 hours
Bendable Wing Bendable Wing FabricationFabrication
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• After the wing is removed from the mold it must be trimmed to the correct size
• Carbon Fiber is relatively easy to trim with a stout pair of scissors
• The rough edges can then be sanded smooth with a bench sander
Bendable Wing Bendable Wing CharacteristicsCharacteristics
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• The carbon fiber wing is formed similar to a tape measure
• It will bend in one direction easily – but not the other direction
• The wing can wrap around the fuselage
• The entire UAV with wrapped wings can then fit inside the sabot
UAV DesignUAV Design
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• Originally an Electrifly Rifle RC Plane• Selected for its size and fiberglass body • Wingspan: 31 inches• Wing Area: 112 square inches• Weight: 18 oz• Wing loading: 22 – 23 oz/square ft• Length: 24.5 inches• Control Surfaces: Ailerons and Elevator
• The final UAV• Wingspan: 28”• Wing Area: Approx 190 square inches• Weight : 22 oz• Wing loading: 16 – 17 oz/square ft• Length: 25.5 inches• Control Surfaces: Rudder and Elevator
UAV Elevated WingUAV Elevated Wing
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• Wing is elevated on a tower from the original Rifle design to
• Give the wing room to maximize the use of the inside diameter of the sabot
• Provide more space for added electronics and batteries
• Put most of the weight under the wing to minimally affect the center of gravity
UAV Video TowerUAV Video Tower
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• This tower provides space for all video equipment and power source in one module
• Video Camera (640 x 480 CMOS NTSC)• Battery (11.1 V 550 mAh)• Video Transmitter (Lawmate 1Watt)• 1.2GHz low pass filter• 3dB gain antenna
• Power remains off until turned on via a microswitch when UAV is deployed
UAV Tail UAV Tail ModificationsModifications
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• Original tail was “T” with elevators on horizontal stabilizer and no rudder (wing had ailerons)• Now cruciform to use maximum width in sabot for maximum surface area• Added rudder to vertical stabilizer
UAV Range TestingUAV Range Testing
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• Ground station was 1.2GHz receiver• Dronesvision 14 dB gain patch antenna• Happauge video to USB converter• Video was turned ON in UAV and team members walked away from ground station• Same test run with Spektrum transmitter and control surfaces
Range Testing ResultsRange Testing Results
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• Video end of range was non-usable picture• RC end of range was incosistent movement of controlled surfaces
Test Max Distance
Video .55 miles
RC Control – diversity antenna near ESC
.15 miles
RC Control – diversity antenna near tail
.48 miles
UAV Flight Test 1UAV Flight Test 1
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• The team enlisted the help of Mark Slizie, manager of a local Hobby People store
• Mark gave the team guidance on modification of the Rifle
• We went to test fly with the Orange Coast Radio Control Club
• Interference from the Electronic Speed Control into the radio made the control unstable and prevented us from flying
UAV ElectronicsUAV Electronics
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• Main UAV control is via Radio Control (Spektrum DX-8 transmitter and AR-8000 receiver) on 2.4GHz• GPS tracking is done through a Big Red Bee Beeline GPS transmitting on 434.92 MHz• Video is from a CCD camera and relayed to the ground real time via a 1 watt Lawmate 1.2GHz transmitter
UAV Electronics SystemUAV Electronics System
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UAV – Ground StationUAV – Ground Station
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UAV Ground Station• Allows RC control of UAV• Allows detachment of the parachute from the UAV• Displays real time video from the UAV
UAV SafetyUAV Safety
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1. The UAV will descend on parachute until it can be verified it is flightworthy and not fouled on shock cords or shroud lines
2. The UAV detachment from the parachute is manual allowing a human to make the final decision
3. The UAV will be under RC control at all time4. If RC communications is lost the AR-8000 will circle while
losing altitude until back on the ground.5. If the battery dips below a safe voltage for Lithium
Polymer, the high current drain of the motor is disabled and only the radio and servos remain powered to allow the pilot to return the UAV safely to ground
RecoveryRecovery
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• Recovery System consists of:• G-Wiz Partners HCX Flight Computer (4 pyro events)• 1.10” x 5.50” 45 grams • Accelerometer based altitude
• Raven Flight Computer (4 pyro events)•1.80" x 0.8" x 0.55." 27 grams • accelerometer based altitude
• Deployment bag with 84” Main Parachute• Two Tender Descenders in series (primary and backup)
Other Parachutes:• 24” Drogue• 60” Parachute for top body section• 24” Parachute on UAV
• Avionics Bay is coated with MG Chemicals SuperShield Conductive Coating 841 to minimize RF Interference
Recovery InterconnectRecovery Interconnect
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• Flight computers are powered from Duracell 9VDC batteries• Raven CPU and Pyro are on separate batteries• HCX CPU and Pyro are on separate batteries
• Design includes 4 safety switches (CPU power on before pyro)• Raven Flight Computer CPU Power• HCX Flight Computer CPU Power • Raven Flight Compuer Pyro Power• HCX Pyro Power
Black Powder ChargesBlack Powder Charges
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• A total of six separate black powder charges are used• The Drogue uses one black powder charge from the HCX pyro 2 as primary and one from the Raven pyro 1 as the backup to deploy at apogee• The Sabot uses one black powder charge from the HCX pyro 3 as primary and one from the Raven pyro 2 as the backup to deploy at an altitude of 1,000 ft• The Main uses one black powder charge from the HCX pyro 4 as primary and one from the Raven pyro 3 as the backup to deploy at an altitude of 800 ft
Recovery EventsRecovery Events
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• Redundant Dual Deployment from two different flight computers• Deployment consists of three separate events
• Event #1: Near apogee a black powder charge deploys the drogue parachute
• Rocket is in two sections tethered together
• Lower body tube with motor and fins• Nose cone, upper body tube with UAV, avionics bay
• Exposed and on the 1” Nylon shock cord:
• Drogue fully deployed• Main held in bag by Tender Descenders• One of two GPS (to clear carbon fiber body tube)
Recovery EventsRecovery Events
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• Event #2: At 1000 ft (backup at 900 ft) a second ejection charge separates the rocket further
• Lower body tube with motor and fins still on drogue tethered to the avionics bay only• Upper body tube tethered to the nose cone and the opened sabot is all under another deployed parachute• Second GPS is now exposed on the 1” nylon shock cord• UAV has deployed from the sabot and is under its own parachute
Recovery EventsRecovery Events
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• Event #3: At 850 ft (backup at 750 feet) a third black powder charge in the Tender Descenders deploys the main. There are now three pieces descending
• Lower body tube with motor and fins still on the main parachute tethered to the avionics bay• Upper body tube tethered to the nose cone and opened sabot under its own parachute• UAV has deployed from the sabot and is under its own parachute waiting for safe release
UAV EventsUAV Events
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• Event #4 is technically not part of the recoverysystem but is next in the sequence of events
• Occurs after successful recovery event #2 at 1,000 ft(altimeter controlled black powder ejection of the sabotwith full deployment of the UAV from that hinged-on-one-end sabot via spring pressure from the bendable wing)• Full UAV deployment is visually validated
• Wings have fully unrolled• UAV is not tangled in shroud lines or shock cords• Appears to try to fly away from the parachute• Is safely away from spectators• UAV is at or below 400 ft as indicated on the ground station telemetry (per the FAA AC 91-57 “Do not fly model aircraft higher than 400 feet above the surface”)• Range Safety Officer has given the OK
• The UAV is released by command from the ground via the 2.4GHz RC radio via a servo controlled latch
UAV EventsUAV Events
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• The UAV is released from the Sabot via ejection charge under 1000 feet in altitude • The UAV descends on a parachute until it is validated that:
• The UAV is fully deployed and flight-worthy• The UAV is under 400 feet in altitude
• The UAV is then flown down to a landing while under RC control• Real time video data is returned to the ground station during the flight
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Drift During RecoveryDrift During Recovery• Lower Sustainer Section
• I - Drops from 5,280 ft to 1,000 ft at 78 ft/s on 24” drogue• II - Drops from 1,000 ft to 850 ft at 61 ft/s on 24” drogue without the top section weight• III - Drops from 850 ft to 0 ft at 17.5 ft/s on 84” main
• Top Section (with UAV)• I –Drops from 5,280 ft to 1,000 ft at 78 ft/s on 24” drogue• II – Drops from 1,000 ft to 0 ft at 17 ft/s on 60” parachute
• UAV (if not separated from parachute)• I – Drops from 5,280 ft to 1,000 ft at 78ft/s on 24” drogue• II – Drops from 1,000 ft to 0 ft at 18.5 ft/s on 24” parachute
Lower Sustainer Section
Wind (MPH)
Wind (ft/s)
I - Drogue Range (feet)
II - Drogue Range (feet)
III - Main Range (feet)
Total Range (feet)
0 0.00 0 0 0 05 7.33 404 18 358 780
10 14.67 807 36 715 155815 22.00 1211 54 1073 233820 29.20 1614 72 1431 3117
Top Section
Wind (MPH)
Wind (ft/s)
I - Drogue Range (feet)
II - Top Parachute
Range (feet)
Total Range (feet)
0 0.00 0 0 05 7.33 404 425 829
10 14.67 807 850 165715 22.00 1211 1275 248620 29.20 1614 1700 3314
Drogue if parachute does not separate
Wind (MPH)
Wind (ft/s)
I - Drogue Range (feet)
II – UAV Parachute
Range (feet)
Total Range (feet)
0 0.00 0 0 05 7.33 404 398 802
10 14.67 807 796 160315 22.00 1211 1194 240520 29.20 1614 1593 3207
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Configuration of Configuration of the HCXthe HCX
Flight ComputerFlight Computer
HCX Provides 4 Pyro Ports• Pyro 1 – Not Used• Pyro 2 – Drogue deployment via black powder charge at Apogee + 2.0 seconds for Mach Delay• Pyro 3 – UAV deployment via black powder charge at 1,000 feet• Pyro 4 – Main deployment via Tender Descender black powder charge at 800 feet
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Configuration of Configuration of the Raventhe Raven
Flight ComputerFlight Computer
The Raven Provides 4 Pyro Ports• Pyro 1 – Drogue deployment via black powder charge at Apogee + 2.0 seconds for Mach Delay• Pyro 2 – UAV deployment via black powder charge at approximately 1,000 feet (992 feet)• Pyro 3 – Main deployment via Tender Descender black powder charge at 800 feet• Pyro 4 – Not Used
GPS TRACKINGGPS TRACKING
Beeline receives GPS positionBeeline receives GPS position• Encodes as AX.25 packet dataEncodes as AX.25 packet data• Sends as 1200 baud audio – 1 at each end of 70 cm ham bandSends as 1200 baud audio – 1 at each end of 70 cm ham band
VX-6R switched between two frequencies and extracts audioVX-6R switched between two frequencies and extracts audio TinyTrack 4 converts audio to digital NMEA location dataTinyTrack 4 converts audio to digital NMEA location data Garmin displays the digital location data on human screenGarmin displays the digital location data on human screen
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Transmitters in Vehicle
• Big Red Bee Beeline GPS• RF: 17mW on 70cm ham band• Battery and life: 750mAh 10 Hrs• Size: 1.25” x 3” 2 ounces
Ground Station
• Receiver: Yaesu VX-6R• TNC: Byonics Tiny Track 4• GPS: Garmin eTrex Legend
Payload/Vehicle IntegrationPayload/Vehicle Integration
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• UAV is encased in a sabot• Protects the UAV from ejection charge• Provides a clean method for deploying the vehicle from the body tube• Sabot is pushed out by a piston
• Deployment and flight plan• Ejection before main at 900 ft• UAV will descend under parachute until verified flight-worthy and under 400 ft• Parachute will be released• UAV will fly under RC control
RisksRisks
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5 Risk: The rocket weather cocks
10 Risk: The Rocket lands in mud
15 Risk: A parachute misfires
20 Risk: The tracking device isn’t accurate
25 Risk: The UAV hits an object
30 Risk: The battery(s) of our electronics bay fall out
4 Risk: The engine “chuffs”
9 Risk: The rocket lands in a dangerous area
14 Risk: The batteries die during launch
19 Risk: A servo cable on the UAV catches
24 Risk: A part or battery disconnects
29 Risk: No recovery system
3 Risk: the rocket struggles off the launch pad
8 Risk: Interference of the lawmate video transmitter and xbee telemetry
13 Risk: a parachute fires at the wrong alititude
18 Risk: The electronics in the UAV over heat
23 Risk: Sheer pins aren’t put in place
28 Risk: Loss in signal via controller
2 Risk: The rocket folds upon itself
7 Risk: The parachute tangles around the UAV
12 Risk: The engine explodes
17 Risk: The UAV Motor propeller breaks during sabot release
22 Risk: Tracking device is damaged in launch
27 Risk: The black powder is not the correct amount
1 Risk: rocket misfires Mitigation: check continuity
6 Risk: The Parachute doesn’t detach from the UAV
11 Risk: The Rocket’s fins break
16 Risk: The altimeters aren’t set to fire the parachutes
21 Risk: Tracking device doesn’t transmit radio waves
26 Risk: The electric match doesn’t ignite the black powder
Risks MitigationRisks Mitigation
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5 Mitigation: the design is not over stable
10 Mitigation: Make sure launch site is dry
15 Mitigation: double check programming on the altimeter is correct
20 Mitigation: Make sure tracking device works
25 Mitigation: UAV can be switched from autopilot to manual mode Each member in the payload subsection will know how to fly the UAV
30 Mitigation: zip tie batteries and double check connection
4 Mitigation: make sure igniter is all the way in the engine
9 mitigation: Launch site is clear of all hazardous materials
14 Mitigation: use fresh batteries
19 Mitigation: test the cables before flight and have a large enough opening
24 Mitigation: use strong connectors and zip ties to secure wires
29 Mitigation: Double-check our rocket is set up correctly
3 Mitigation: use the correct size launch rod
8 Mitigation: Make sure that the frequencies do not interfere with one another
13 Mitigation: double check programming on the altimeter is correct
18 Mitigation: Air vents will be placed for the entering and exiting of air – this will provide enough ventilation
23 Mitigation: double check the rocket before placing on the launch pad
28 Mitigation: using a 2.4GHZ radio for long range and less interferences
2 Mitigation: body tube and nose cone are fiberglass
7 Mitigation: Make sure the parachute is correctly folded
12 Mitigation: make sure there is no defects in engine
17 Mitigation: A folding propeller will be used – this opens up when the motor powers on.
22 Mitigation: Make sure Tracking device is secure and is fully encased in the Styrofoam
27 Mitigation: have a backup charge to either “blow it out or blow it up”
1 Mitigation: check continuity
6 Mitigation: Check harnesses and linkages
11 Mitigation: Use in wall fins
16 Mitigation: double check programming on the altimeter is correct
21 Mitigation: double check tracking device is on
26 Mitigation: make sure there electric match is touching the black powder
SafetySafety
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• Follow NAR and TRA safety rules for launch• Safe material usage restrictions• Safe distance from launch pad• Safe recovery area• Inspection by range safety officer before flight
• Follow our check list when preparing for launch• Have fire extinguisher and first aid kit on site• Follow our own (AIAA OC Section Rocketry) safety rules for shop• MSDS referred to as needed (can be found on our web site)• Manuals are posted on the web site since they contain set-up information for recovery electronics• Presentation given to all team members with their signature that they attended and understand
Educational OutreachEducational Outreach
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• Space 2011 Education Alley (Sept – too early for credit) • Girl scout workshop and launch outing in October/November 2011• Talk at St Norbert school January 2012• Talk at Montesorri school in Fullerton January 2012• Have a STEM booth at Science Night at La Habra Elemetry school March 2012• Newspaper articles
• Article in Sunny Hills High School (Fullerton, CA) school paper• Submitting an article for the local local paper in Orange, CA – The Foothills Sentry
• Presentations at Orange County 4H clubs• Youth Expo at the Orange County Fair Grounds April 2012• Present at the AIAA ASAT Conference in May
Budget - ExpendituresBudget - Expenditures
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Budget – IncomeBudget – Income
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• NASA Grant for SLI teams• Fundraising letters (very disappointing)
• Boeing• Raytheon• Northrop Grumman• Lockheed Martin• Thirty other aerospace related companies
• Sees candy sales (moderately successful)• Beg for support from parents
TimelineTimeline
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Thank you for letting us Thank you for letting us be part of SLI againbe part of SLI again
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Questions?Questions?