1 texas liquid fertilizer wheat 2006 spring guide

1

Texas Liquid Fertilizer


Wheat 2006 Spring

Guide

2


Texas Liquid Commitment to you

Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those

production problems that limit profitability

3


U.S Wheat Situation: Less Carryover

USDA Wheat Ending Stocks (12/ 05)

950876

777

491546 540 530

100

300

500

700

900

1100

99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 Dec 04-05 Dec 05-06

Mill

ion

Bu

4


U.S Wheat Situation

Planted and harvested acres are going down

Demand is stable USDA average farm price for wheat =

$3.40 per bushel in 2004 & 2005 Price forecast for July ’06 wheat =

$3.40 to $3.60 per bushel

5


Where are we?

Total Corn GDU's Plant Date to 1/31/2006

Dayton, Texas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

3-Nov 3-Dec

Planting Date

Cum

ula

tiv

e

20062004 2005

20062004

2005

6


Where are we?

Dayton,Texas

Rain/Month 03/04 04/05 05/06

November 5.7 12.1 3.4

December 3.8 2.6 3.1

January 6.5 3.2 2.6

Total Rain 16.0 17.9 9.1

7


Where are we?

Roots are mostly in good health

Tillering is widely variable even in the same fields

Seed depth was variable due to dry conditions in fall, 2005

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Where are we?

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Where do we go from here?

Manage topdress fertilizer (35% of yield potential)

Balance plant food (tissue sampling) Protect yields

– Control spring diseases – Control weeds– Control insects– Reduce lodging

10


Wheat Growth Stages

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Wheat N Use Chart

GS 2-3

GS 5

GS 10.5

Plant nitrogen uptake increases during elongation and head formation to flowering

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Winter Nitrogen

In some fields that had a big corn/cotton crop, nitrogen may be playing out

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Wheat Situations (GS3)

Where fertilizer was applied prior to planting, check tillers at GS3 to see if additional nitrogen is needed.

Count the tillers per square foot and apply nitrogen according to the GS3 chart(next slide).

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Wheat GS3 Chart

Figure how many inches of row to include a square foot

Count the tillers Figure if any extra

N is needed Keep N:S ratio at

8:1

tiller count/ft2 @

GS3

Lbs/A Nitrogen

Lbs/A Sulfur

< 70 60 8

70 to 80 40 5

80 to 90 30 4

90 to 100 20 3

> 100 0 0

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Wheat Situations

No fall applied fertilizer: needs an early winter application of NPK

Count the tillers per square foot and apply nitrogen and sulfur according to the GS3 chart.

Add 40 lbs. each of P and K with 1 lb. of zinc. Add an extra 40 lbs. of potash if planning to

double-crop soybeans after the wheat.

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Wheat Situations

No fall or early winter application of NPK: will apply one shot at GS5 (mid winter)

apply 100 to 140 lbs. of nitrogen: add 40 lbs. each of P and K with 1 lb. of zinc and 12 to 17 lbs. sulfur at GS5.

Take a flag leaf tissue sample to see check the nitrogen status.

Use 10 to 30 gals. of U22 Tiger Juice® to add additional nitrogen if needed at GS9.

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Wheat GS5 Plant Tissue Samples

Used to determine balance of N to apply In 2004, in DSS, rates ranged from 60 to

120 lbs. The most cost effective means of applying

the correct amount of nitrogen. Used to balance sulfur and micronutrients

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Micronutrients

Manganese/Zinc has already showed up in December (symptoms are similar)

Zinc continues to be limiting

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When To sample for GS5 Sample here!

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Plant Tissue Guides N Rates

Winter Nitrogen Use ChartUsing Plant Analysis (GS5) for 2nd Application

0

20

40

60

80

2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0

Percent Nitrogen in Plant Tissue

Lbs.

per

acr

e N

We use this chart to recommend the balance of N in winter: The higher the plant N levels the less N the wheat will need.

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Wheat After Milo

Dec., 2005: Wheat planted after grain sorghum; KSU researchers have found that adding an additional 40 lbs. of nitrogen can help overcome this drag.

Wheat planted after sorghum on left: after corn on right

Wheat planted after sorghum on right: after corn on left

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GS5 Nitrogen Rates No tissue sample (fall N applied)

GS5 Recommendations for Wheat*

Soil Type and Drainage Lbs N/A Time of Application

Sandy loams and silt loams which do not waterlog readily

80before jointing (G.S.

5)

Clays and silt loams which waterlog readily


5)

Silty clays and clays (Ca > 4500) with yield potential > 55 bu/A


5)

*Second application may be adjusted based on weather and/or plant analysis.

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GS5 Nitrogen Rates No tissue sample (no fall N applied)

GS5 N Recommendations for Wheat*Soil Type and Drainage Lbs N/A Time of Application

Sandy loams and silt loams which do not waterlog readily


5)

Clays and silt loams which waterlog readily


5)

Silty clays and clays (Ca > 4500) with yield potential > 55 bu/A


5)

*Second application may be adjusted based on weather and/or plant analysis.

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Foliar N at GS9

Heavy rains cause N losses to go up thru the air (denitrification)

Heavy spring rains cause N to leach

Should be done with a plant tissue sample. To make sure we have enough N to produce

yields and test weight. Discover correct N application rates to avoid

over/under fertilization with N.

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Spring Foliar Applications

Sample here!

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Foliar Applications

Foliar N I mproves Yield,

Protein and Test Weight

20

40

60

80

100

12# N None

Bu/

Acr

e

ag.systems 1990

•Plant tissue samples pulled between Feekes 8 and 9

•Twenty flag leaves per field

•Nitrogen rates vary from 10 to 20 gals. of U22 Tiger Juice®

•Use as a carrier for fungicide

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U23

Made specifically for foliar applications Has given yield increases up to 15 bushels

per acre: increased test weight by 2# Low salt, low burn Can be used as a carrier for wheat

fungicides/insecticides Available only from Texas Liquid Fertilizer

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Sulfur on Wheat

DSS clearly shows that wheat responds to sulfur where needed

53 49

20

40

60

Sulfur No Sulfur

Wheat Yield Reponse to Winter S

Bu./A

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Sulfur on Wheat

Wheat responds to sulfur where needed Response greatest on sandy or loess soils Use in an 8:1 ratio with nitrogen: for every

eight lbs. of nitrogen, add 1 lb. of sulfur Do not use sulfur fertilizers if adding a

fungicide with nitrogen to avoid leaf burn

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Crop Protection

Controlling diseases and/or insects does not add any bushels: it protects what you have produced

Weather conditions, variety selection and fungicide timing will impact your return on disease investment

Adequate fertility (especially P and Zn) to hasten maturity will offer best protection against diseases. If diseases hit after certain growth stages, damage is limiting

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Wheat Diseases

Leaf Rust (590 to 720 incubation: use fungicide)

Stem Rust (700 to 800 incubation : use fungicide)

Septoria (Leaf and Glume Blotch) (6 hrs. LW, 590

to 800 incubation : use fungicide)

Scab (variety, plant health and nutrition: no

fungicide available)

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Variety Ratings

•TLF 2005 recommended varieties

•Gray highlighted boxes indicate high susceptibility to stripe rust; Orange indicates leaf rust.

•If conditions are right, all varieties will get infected.

VarietyAvg. Yield

Test Weight

Heading Day

DK GR9108 86.0 57.6 80

Terral LA841 81.7 56.2 84

USG 3209 73.1 58.2 86

DK 1551W 66.8 58.4 87

Agripro Panola 70.8 58.2 92

COKER 9152 75.4 59.0 94

USG 3592 74.1 60.1 95

Terral TV8466 69.0 58.0 95

Vigoro McIntosh

73.1 60.2 95

PAT 60.3 57.1 99

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Weather Conditions

Between March 1 and April 30, leaf wetness becomes the main factor in determining disease infections. 2003 & 2004 had longer periods of leaf wetness than 2005, enhancing disease pressure.

YearAvg. High

Tempt

Avg. Low

Tempt

Rainfall

inches%RH

Hrs Leaf

Wetness

2003 74 58 4.1 79 13

2004 76 60 6.6 78 12

2005 75 56 5.6 70 7Dayton, TX

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Spring Diseases

Value of Disease Control

66

51

40

50

60

70

Bu./A

Trt Untrt

The results from a fungicide spray will depend on pressure, timing and the variety susceptibility.

Wheat rust was identified in January 2005

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Spring Diseases

8769 75

64

0

50

100

2002 2003

Value of Disease Control(LSU)

Trt Untrt

The results from a fungicide spray will depend on pressure, timing and the variety susceptibility.

In this plot, 2002 had twice the rain than 2003 enhancing disease pressure.

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Fungicide Timing

49

75

65

87

56

79

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

BU/A

None GS8 GS10.2

Fungicide Timing

2003 2004

In LSU work, earlier applications of fungicide gave better returns than later applications.

GS8 is from flag leaf emergence until fully developed

GS10 is just prior to head emergence

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Wheat Fungicides

Applying fungicides when disease is present gave a $38 net return in 2002 and a $17 net return in 2003

Applying the fungicide when the disease first hit gave a better return than waiting.

At Feeks 5 apply ½ Rate of Quilt or Stratego. If not available apply ½ Rate of Headline or Quadrus

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Weather Station for 2005

Projects infestations when weather conditions are right for disease

Gives forecast for powdery mildew, septoria, rusts and glume blotch

Weather station and wheat disease models started in January 1, 2005

Will give growers an indication for fungicide timing

Provided to give TLF growers the most bag for fungicide buck.

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Wheat Weeds

Use Harmony Extra with winter N for control of small henbit, chickweed, german moss

2,4-D or Salvo can reduce yields as much as 15 bu/acre.

Wheat at different growth stages in December 2005

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Spring Wheat Insects

Aphids: 300 per linear foot

Stink Bugs: yes

Armyworms: five per sq. ft.

Treat as needed with Pyrethroids

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Winter and Spring Wheat Summary

35% of yields will be determined this winter and spring Manage fertilizer based on

-Yield Potential-Tissue Test-Fall Nitrogen

Balance plant food-Make sure you have adequate sulfur and Zn

Protect yields-Control Diseases-Control Weeds-Control Insects

Harvest in a timely manner. Wheat is mature at 2400 units. Allowing it to remain in the field after it is mature reduces yield every day.

42


Texas Liquid Commitment to you

Increase yields Lower Costs Help solve those production problems

that limit profitability (unique to each operation and farms within those operations)

1 texas liquid fertilizer wheat 2006 spring guide

Documents

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