1 the evolving global electric supply scenario and biofuels opportunities in bangladesh professor...

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The Evolving Global Electric Supply Scenario and Biofuels Opportunities in

Bangladesh

Professor Saifur Rahman Director

Advanced Research InstituteVirginia Polytechnic Inst & State University, U.S.A.

www.ari.vt.edu

BUETDhaka, Bangladesh

03 March 2009

(c) Saifur Rahman (c) Saifur Rahman 2

Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2008** Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste

World Electricity Generation by Fuel


Transition from Central to Distributed


In 2007, wind capacity reached 93,849 MW (WWEA, 2008).• The average annual growth rate in the last 10 years

was close to 30%

In 2007, photovoltaic (PV) capacity reached 9,100 MW (EPIA, 2008).

• Solar PV has a ten-year average annual growth rate of 31%

In 2006, geothermal capacity reached 9,600 MW (BP, 2008).

Worldwide Non-Hydro Renewables


Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K.

Wind Energy


Wind Farm in Hawaii

Source: NREL

(c) Saifur Rahman (c) Saifur Rahman Source: www.awea.org/projects

U.S. Wind Energy Projects (as of 12/31/2008)

(c) Saifur Rahman (c) Saifur Rahman

Source: Source: www.bp.com

Worldwide Cumulative Installed Wind Turbine Capacity(End of 2007)

22277

16879

14714

78455875

3088

23327

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Germany USA Spain India China Denmark Rest of theworld

Megawatts (MW)


Rooftop PV Test Facility at Virginia Tech, USA

Solar Photovoltaics


Solar Power Highlights

Source: EPIA, 2008 and BP, 2007

Current solar PV capacity: 9,100 megawatts (end of 2007)

Some leading countries: - Germany (38.6%)

- Japan (38.4%) - USA (12.9%)- Spain (1.6%)

Above 40% growth rate continued in 2004 and 2005, more than doubling the solar PV capacity in two years.


Global Installed Solar Photovoltaics

Source: EPIA, 2008

Cumulative Capacity 1992-20059,100

6,851

5,253

3,847

2,795


Solar Photovoltaic Applications

Grid Connected applications Remote area applications Building Integrated PV (BIPV)


Grid-connected Photovoltaics, New York City


Photovoltaics for Railway Signaling in Tibet


BIPV - 4 Times Square New York

Location: Conde Nast Building, NYC

Construction: BIPV Curtain Wall

Completed: July 2001

Peak capacity: 20kW

Type: Custom triple-laminated 40W amorphous Si modules

Environmental: >1million lbs of CO2 over its lifetime


Building Integrated PV at a Thai University


Biodiversity Monitoring Project in Bangladesh


Lehrter Train Station, Germany

Source: http://www.cler.org/predac/article.php3?id_article=511

Number of module: 1,440Total area: 3,311 m2

PV output: 325 kWElectricity generation:

274,000 kWh/yr


Hydroelectricit

yLarge and

Small


Three Gorges Dam in China


26 x 700 = 18,200 MW


Small-Hydro


Nuclear Power Plant

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Issues with Nuclear Energy

Long term storage of nuclear spent fuel Concern about nuclear proliferation No greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions Cost: US $5 billion to $7 billion for a

1,500 MW plant


Costs of Renewable Power Technologies


Cost-Competitiveness of Selected Renewable

Power Technologies

Source: Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities, OECD/IEA 2006.


Jatropha Plant and Seed

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Assuming there is no intercropping needed, just jatropha plants, testing shows one can obtain an average of 7.5 kilograms of fruit or 3 kilograms of seeds per tree.

Therefore, 6 tons/acre.

At a minimum, several hundred acres of land needed for commercial operation.

How many tons of Jatropha seeds per acre?


How many liters of oil per 1,000 acres?

With an average ratio conversion of 40% from seeds into Jatropha oil, trees can produce 2,400 tons of Jatropha oil per 1,000 acres.

Applying a density rate of 0.9 kg/cm3, it is possible to obtain 2.7 Million liters of oil from 1,000 acres of land per year.

2.646 million liters of biodiesel per 1000 acres

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Contact Information

Name: Prof. Saifur RahmanAffiliation: Virginia Tech, USAPhone: (703) 528-5500Email: [email protected] site: www.ceage.vt.edu

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