wep2021 saifur rahman (c) · 2021. 2. 2. · © saifur rahman 2021 motivations for a smart grid...
TRANSCRIPT
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© Saifur Rahman 2021
Connectivity in the Smart Grid for the Integration of Renewables in Saudi Arabia
Professor Saifur RahmanDirector, Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, USA
Invited Talk
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© Saifur Rahman 2021
#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY
"Smartgrid"isaconceptwithmanyelementswheremonitoringandcontrolofeachelementinthechainofgeneration,transmission,distributionandend-useallowtheelectricitydeliveryandusetobemoreefficient.
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Motivations for a Smart Grid
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Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effective using advanced sensors, communication technologies and distributed computing.
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DifferenceBetweenaNormalGrid
andaSmartGrid
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Power Plant
Transmission
DistributionHome
BusinessEnd-use
Appliances
From Generator to Refrigerator
StartingandEndingPointsofaSmartGrid
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SmartGridBuildingBlocks
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Evolution of the GRID#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY
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Intell igent Interconnected Microgrids#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY
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Merging Power Flow withInformation Flow
Integrated Communications
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ElectricPower&CommunicationInfrastructures
Central GeneratingStation
Step-Up Transformer
DistributionSubstation
ReceivingStation
DistributionSubstation
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Industrial Commercial
Gas Turbine
RecipEngine
Cogeneration
RecipEngine
Fuel cell
Micro-turbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photovoltaics
Batteries
Residential Data Concentrator
Control Center
Data network Users
2. Information Infrastructure
1.Power Infrastructure
Source: EPRI 10
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Issues in Smart Grid Deployment
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•Regulatory•Business •Technical•Security and Privacy
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RegulatoryIssues
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•Time varying rates•Who pays the upfront costs•Who owns the data
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Business Issues
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•Return on investment•Customer acceptance•Trained manpower
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Security and PrivacyIssues
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§Datatransmissionoverthepublicinternet§Datasharingbymultipleparties§Ownershipofthedata
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TechnicalIssues
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•Servicemonitoringandrecovery•Remotemeterreading&billing•Transformer/Switchgearloading•Peakloadreduction•Renewablesintegration•Demandresponseapplication
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Electrical Load Profile in Virginia, USA
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Peak loads exceed 16,000 MW only 5%
of the time
Peak load of 19,140 MW
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Electrical Load Profile in KSA in 2016
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Peak load 66,131 MW
95% of peak 62,816 MW
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Peak Load and itsDuration
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• In the US highest 20% of the load happens 5% of the time • In Australia highest 15% of the load happens 1% of the time• In Egypt highest 15% of the load happens 1% of the time• In Saudi Arabia highest 5% of the load happens 0.75% of the time
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Changing Landscape forthe Electric Utility
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In-depth Look at Solar PV in KSA
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2-MWRoof-topSolarPVplantatKAUST20
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Solar PV Panels in Saudi Arabia
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RealityCheck21
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Solar PV Array (100kWp) in Riyadh Area
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September
July
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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Solar PV Panel CleaningCost and Frequency
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How Can the Smart GridHelp
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Ithelpstointegrateintermittentsourcesofgenerationintotheelectricpowergrid.
Shorttermloadcontrolforalargenumberofend-usedevicesthroughdemandresponsemakesitpossibletogetquickloadrelieftomatchfluctuationsingeneration.
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Demand Response
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DemandResponseisacustomeractiontocontrolloadtomeetacertaintarget.Herethecustomerchooseswhatloadtocontrolandforhowlong.
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Selective Control ofAppliances
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Two components: 1) HEM unit and 2) load controller box
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IoT-based BuildingAutomation Systems
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• In KSA the roof-top solar is gaining popularity• Roof-top solar helps with mitigating peak loads• Building Automation Systems (BAS) help to maintain
comfortable/healthy indoor environment• Low-cost customizable BAS systems is needed
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IoT Device Integration for BuildingAutomation System (BAS)
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Sensors/PowerMeters
Plug Load Controllers
Lighting Load Controllers
CT30 (WiFi)
CT50 (WiFi)
CT80 (ZigBee
SE)
ICM(WiFi)
RTU (Modbus)
VAV controller (Modbus)
Nest(WiFi)
Philips Hue(WiFi)
Light switch(WiFi)
Step-dimmed ballast
(ZigBee)Lighting load
controller(BACnet)
Smart plug(WiFi)
Smart plug(ZigBee)
Plug load controller(BACnet)
Power meter(BACnet/Mod
bus)
Power meter(Modbus)
Occupancy sensor
(BACnet)
Light sensor(BACnet)
www.bemoss.org
www.bemcontrols.com 28
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VT Classroom under Real-timeMonitoring
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Indoor Envrionmental Monitoring
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Energy Savings fromLighting Control
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Managing Battery Storagefrom a BAS Platform
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5 kW 12 kWh
Battery Cells
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Battery Storage Data Access from a BAS
Network
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Roof-top Solar Photovoltaicsat Virginia Tech
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BAS for a Campus-wideApplication
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New Paradigm for thePower System
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•Historically: Demand driven supply (supply responds to demand)
•New Reality: Supply driven demand(demandneedstoadjusttomeetfluctuating
supplywithhelpfromstorage)
THESMARTGRIDECOSYSTEM
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The Smart GridEcosystem
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THANK YOU
Prof.Saifur Rahman
VirginiaTech38