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The expanding of East-Asian Women’s Occupational Status

Relevant macroeconomic issues and

the analysis of women in the post-industrial stage of East-Asian

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ContentsPART 1East-Asian Women’s Occupational Status-History-Now

PART 2Women in East-Asion EconomyPost-industrialization issues with women

PART 3To expatiate the correlative economic growth theories or models- Neo-Classical Model- Endogenous Growth Model

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PART 1

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张茵 中国新生の财阀

Zhang Yin ， a future Zaibatsu in China

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Garbage Lady Richest Woman

-She was the richest female in China -The queen of waste paper recycling -The Zaibatsu in China

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吴仪 Wi Yi

Vice Premier of the State Council

China Iron Lady

中国の铁娘子

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Ancient East-Asian women

under the Confucianism culture

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Dae Jang Geum

Wu Zetian

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Confucianism positive side

Social Harmony Stable Governance and Development

EtiquetteOrder

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Confucianism negative side

The three obediences and the four virtues三从四德从父 The obedience to father从夫 The obedience to husband从子 The obedience to son

妇德 Good moral妇容 Neat appearance妇言 Decent words妇功 The skills of women

All these requirements to female were the tools of the patriarchal society of ancient China to keep indenpendent personality awayfrom female.

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In Modern Times

Japan

-The Meiji Restoration-Democratic reform by MacArthur regime after war-1946 Constitution of Japan

Korea-Influenced by American culture like Japan

Global Gender Gap Report 2008 by World Economic Forum

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108th out of 146

98th out of 146

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China

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Global Gender Gap Report 2008 by World Economic Forum

57th out of 146

-1915 May Fourth Movement ——China women achieved formal equality

-1953 China constitution ——China women achieved equally rights legally

-Mao’s ideology of the equality between men and women

-The impact of western countries

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PART 2

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Employment to population ratio; 15+female (%) in South Korea

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in South Korea

http://www.tradingeconomics.com

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Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in Japan

Employment to population ratio; 15+; female (%) in Japan

http://www.tradingeconomics.com

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Employment to population ratio; 15+; female (%) in China

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in China

http://www.tradingeconomics.com

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The comparison of three major industries in China and Korea

Primary Industry

Secondary Industry

Tertiary Industry

http://www.gov.cn/test/2008-11/12/content_1146712.htm

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Former-industrialization

Industrialization

Post-industrialization

The process of industrialization

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Female working forces are moving to tertiary industry from secondary industry

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The aftermath or side effect of industrialization on the women

Darkness

暗い側面

어둠의 세력

!! In Korea ， from1990s to present, as well as in Japan of the 1970s, many of these women have become sex traders because that In their post-industrialized stage, the factories and assembly industry move to other countries,.

Will it happen to China ？

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Japan

Korea

China

China

Opportunity or Challenge?

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Two ways ofpost-industrialization problem-solving

-Development of tertiary industry

-Development of potential domestic demand

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PART 3

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population; total in China

Population ; female (% of total ) in China

www.tradingeconomics.com.

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www.tradingeconomics.com.

population; total in South Korea

Population ; female (% of total ) in South Korea

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www.tradingeconomics.com.

population; total in Japan

Population ; female (% of total ) in Japan

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Neo-Classical Model

Labor is a important part of productive forces

Total capital: K = k · L

Total output: Y = y · L

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Endogenous Growth Modelby Paul Roemer, R. Lucas, and others

The contribution of this model is that it emphasizes the link between Technical innovation, Human Capital, and Institutions including Government.

Y = f(K, L: T, Education, Religion, Cultures, Resources)

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Human capital

Human capital is “our knowledge, skills learning, talents and abilities.” (Definition by OECD)

Human capital has largest effects in economic

Romer-Mankiew-Weil Model

Y = A K H L

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www.tradingeconomics.com.

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in South Korea

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in Japan

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in China

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Culture & Policy

Korea: "Women's Development Act”

”the Act for Gender Discrimination Prevention and Relief”

Japan: “the Equal Employment Opportunity Law”

China: “Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of

Women”

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Question Time

How can East-Asian Countries(not only China) place excess female labor force in the of post-industrial stage?

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Thank You