1 the following presentation was made by alastair j. m. aikman, p.eng at a district luncheon meeting...

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The following presentation was made byThe following presentation was made by

Alastair J. M. Aikman, P.EngAlastair J. M. Aikman, P.Eng

At a district luncheon meeting At a district luncheon meeting

in Edmonton on January 20, 2004in Edmonton on January 20, 2004

Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities

Alastair J. M. Aikman P.Eng.Alastair J. M. Aikman P.Eng.

AIKMAN ENGINEERINGAIKMAN ENGINEERING

The content and opinions are those of the author and do not represent those of APEGGA or any other organization.

Text, references and code numbers are for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily reflect the content of future editions of building codes.

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Presentation for APEGGA MembersPresentation for APEGGA Members

January 20, 2004January 20, 2004

byby

Alastair J. M. Aikman, P.EngAlastair J. M. Aikman, P.Eng

Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities



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The Code WriterThe Code Writer

The Code UserThe Code User

Two perspectivesTwo perspectives



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National Research CouncilNational Research Council

Provinces and TerritoriesProvinces and Territories




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Code DevelopmentCode Development

Code AdoptionCode Adoption




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1941 to 19741941 to 1974

National Building CodeNational Building Code


• • Published as bylawPublished as bylaw

• • Municipal adoptionMunicipal adoption



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1974 to 19951974 to 1995

National Building CodeNational Building Code

• • Adopted by ProvincesAdopted by Provinces

• • Provincial RegulationsProvincial Regulations

• • Municipal EnforcementMunicipal Enforcement



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Does the Code meet needs?Does the Code meet needs?

• Associate Committee reviewAssociate Committee review

• RecommendationsRecommendations

• New directionsNew directions

Challenge — 1990sChallenge — 1990s



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Why change?Why change?

ProblemsProblems

• • Past experience basisPast experience basis

• • Delayed responseDelayed response

• • InflexibleInflexible

• • Difficult to understandDifficult to understand



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OpportunitiesOpportunities

Produce a better CodeProduce a better Code

• • SimplificationSimplification

• • ClarityClarity

• • FlexibilityFlexibility

• • ResponsiveResponsive



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Better CodeBetter Code

Code FormatsCode Formats

• • PrescriptivePrescriptive

• • PerformancePerformance

• • Combination of bothCombination of both



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PrescriptivePrescriptive

Set values for an itemSet values for an item

• • 2 by 4 studs @ 16 inches o.c.2 by 4 studs @ 16 inches o.c.

• • 38 x 89 mm @ 400 mm o.c.38 x 89 mm @ 400 mm o.c.

• • easy to write and to inspecteasy to write and to inspect



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PerformancePerformance

Appropriate safety levelAppropriate safety level

• • Specified loadsSpecified loads

• • Design formulaDesign formula

• • Acceptable resultAcceptable result

• • Acceptance criteriaAcceptance criteria



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PerformancePerformance

Appropriate safety level ?Appropriate safety level ?

• • Loads imposed by a fireLoads imposed by a fire

• • Corrosion resistant Corrosion resistant

• • Minimize growth of Minimize growth of micro-organismsmicro-organisms



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Better CodeBetter Code

Code Format NBC Code Format NBC 20052005

• • Objective basedObjective based

• • Retains current contentRetains current content

• • Adds objectives, etc.Adds objectives, etc.



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ObjectivesObjectives

Primary objectivesPrimary objectives

• • SafetySafety

• • HealthHealth

• • AccessibilityAccessibility



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Addressing who or whatAddressing who or what

• • PeoplePeople

• • PropertyProperty

• • FacilitiesFacilities



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Latest designated Latest designated objectivesobjectives



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SAFETYSAFETYFire SafetyFire SafetyStructural SafetyStructural SafetySafety in UseSafety in UseResistance to Unwanted EntryResistance to Unwanted EntrySafety at Construction and Demolition Safety at Construction and Demolition

SitesSitesFIRE & STRUCTURAL FIRE & STRUCTURAL PROTECTION OF BUILDINGSPROTECTION OF BUILDINGSFire Protection of the Building Fire Protection of the Building Structural Sufficiency of the Building Structural Sufficiency of the Building Protection of Adjacent BuildingsProtection of Adjacent Buildings

from Fire from Fire Protection of Adjacent Buildings from Protection of Adjacent Buildings from

Structural DamageStructural Damage

HEALTHHEALTHIndoor ConditionsIndoor ConditionsSanitationSanitationNoise ProtectionNoise ProtectionVibration or Deflection LimitationVibration or Deflection LimitationHazardous Substances Hazardous Substances

Containment Containment

ACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITYBarrier-Free Path of TravelBarrier-Free Path of TravelBarrier-Free FacilitiesBarrier-Free Facilities

NBC ObjectivesNBC Objectives



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Authorities Having JurisdictionAuthorities Having Jurisdiction

DesignersDesigners

ConstructorsConstructors

OwnersOwners




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ChallengesChallenges




• • Understand new formatUnderstand new format

• • Examine past solutionsExamine past solutions

• • Develop new solutionsDevelop new solutions

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OpportunitiesOpportunities




• • Innovative designsInnovative designs

• • New materialsNew materials

• • Improved communicationImproved communication

• • Optimized costsOptimized costs

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ComplianceCompliance

1.2.1.1.1.2.1.1. Compliance with the CodeCompliance with the Code1)1) Compliance with this Code shall be achieved by Compliance with this Code shall be achieved by

a) a) complying with the applicable acceptable complying with the applicable acceptable solutions in Division B, orsolutions in Division B, or

b) b) using alternative solutions that will achieveusing alternative solutions that will achieve at at least the minimum level of performance required by least the minimum level of performance required by Division BDivision B in the areas defined by the in the areas defined by the objectivesobjectives and and functional statementsfunctional statements attributed to the applicable attributed to the applicable acceptable solutions.acceptable solutions.



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Two types of solutionTwo types of solution

SolutionsSolutions



• • Acceptable solution — NBC 2005 provisionAcceptable solution — NBC 2005 provision

• • Alternative solution — EquivalentAlternative solution — Equivalent

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Three DivisionsThree Divisions

2005 Code Format2005 Code Format



Division A Division A - Compliance, Objectives and - Compliance, Objectives and

Functional StatementsFunctional Statements

Division B Division B - Acceptable Solutions- Acceptable Solutions

Division C Division C - Administrative Provisions- Administrative Provisions

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3.2.1.1. Functional Statements3.2.1.1. Functional Statements1)1) The objectives of this Code are achieved by The objectives of this Code are achieved by measures, such as those described in the acceptable measures, such as those described in the acceptable solutions insolutions in Division BDivision B, that are intended to allow the , that are intended to allow the buildingbuilding or its elements to perform the following functions or its elements to perform the following functions (see Appendix A):(see Appendix A):

F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its point of origin.point of origin.



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F20 To support and withstand expected loads and F20 To support and withstand expected loads and forces.forces.F21 To limit or accommodate dimensional change.F21 To limit or accommodate dimensional change.F22 To limit movement under expected loads and forces.F22 To limit movement under expected loads and forces.F23 To maintain equipment in place during structural F23 To maintain equipment in place during structural movement.movement.

Structural statementsStructural statements



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F12 To facilitate emergency response.F12 To facilitate emergency response.F34 To resist or discourage unwanted access or entry. F34 To resist or discourage unwanted access or entry. F35 To facilitate the identification of potential intruders.F35 To facilitate the identification of potential intruders.F40 To limit the level of contaminants.F40 To limit the level of contaminants.F50 To provide air suitable for breathing.F50 To provide air suitable for breathing.F72 To provide facilities for the sanitary disposal of F72 To provide facilities for the sanitary disposal of human and domestic wastes.human and domestic wastes.

Miscellaneous statementsMiscellaneous statements



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Code ProvisionCode Provision



3.8.1.5. Controls3.8.1.5. Controls1) Except as required by Article 3.8.3.5. for elevators, 1) Except as required by Article 3.8.3.5. for elevators, controls for the operation of building services or safety controls for the operation of building services or safety devices, including electrical switches, thermostats and devices, including electrical switches, thermostats and intercom switches, intended to be operated by the intercom switches, intended to be operated by the occupant and located in a barrier-free path of travel shall occupant and located in a barrier-free path of travel shall be accessible to a person in wheelchair, operable with one be accessible to a person in wheelchair, operable with one hand and mounted not more than 1 400 mm above the hand and mounted not more than 1 400 mm above the floor.floor.[F33-OA2] [F6-OS3.5][F33-OA2] [F6-OS3.5]

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Intent StatementsIntent Statements

• • Will not be in the printed version Will not be in the printed version of the Code.of the Code.

• • Accessible on a CD-ROMAccessible on a CD-ROM

• • Linked to Code provisionsLinked to Code provisions

Clue to understanding CodeClue to understanding Code



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Code ProvisionCode Provision



3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes4) Intake openings for a linen chute or a 4) Intake openings for a linen chute or a refuse chute shallrefuse chute shall a)a) have an area not more than 60% of the have an area not more than 60% of the cross-sectional area of the chute, andcross-sectional area of the chute, and b)b) be fitted with be fitted with closuresclosures designed to close designed to close automatically and latch after use.automatically and latch after use.

[F41-OH1.1][F41-OH1.1]

[F03-OS1.1][F03-OS1.1]

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Code Provision analysisCode Provision analysis



3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes4)(a)4)(a)OHOH HealthHealthOH2OH2 SanitationSanitationOH2.1OH2.1 Exposure to human or domestic Exposure to human or domestic

wastewaste

F41F41 To minimize the risk of generation of To minimize the risk of generation of

contaminants.contaminants.

F41

[F41-OH2.1][F41-OH2.1]

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OH2.1 OH2.1 Exposure to human or domestic Exposure to human or domestic wastewaste

a)a) have an area not more than 60% of the cross-have an area not more than 60% of the cross-sectional area of the chutesectional area of the chute

To limit the probability that large linen or refuse To limit the probability that large linen or refuse objects will be introduced into the chute, which could objects will be introduced into the chute, which could lead to such objects becoming lodged in the chute, lead to such objects becoming lodged in the chute, which could lead to bacteria growth, insect infestation which could lead to bacteria growth, insect infestation or foul odours, which could lead to unsanitary or foul odours, which could lead to unsanitary conditions, which could lead to harm to persons.conditions, which could lead to harm to persons.

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Code Provision analysisCode Provision analysis



3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse Chutes4)(b)4)(b)OSOS SafetySafetyOS1OS1 Fire SafetyFire SafetyOS1.1OS1.1 Fire or explosion impacting area Fire or explosion impacting area

beyond point of origin.beyond point of origin.

F03F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond

its point of origin.its point of origin.

F41

[F03-OS1.1][F03-OS1.1]

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OS1 - Fire SafetyOS1 - Fire Safety b)b) be fitted with be fitted with closuresclosures designed to close designed to close automatically and latch after use.automatically and latch after use.

To limit the probability that a fire will spread To limit the probability that a fire will spread from a shaft containing a linen chute or refuse from a shaft containing a linen chute or refuse chute through intake openings to other parts of chute through intake openings to other parts of the building, which could lead to harm to persons the building, which could lead to harm to persons in other parts of the building.in other parts of the building.

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Alternative SolutionsAlternative Solutions

• • Objective and functional statementObjective and functional statement

• • Intents and applicationIntents and application

• • Not just “good enough”Not just “good enough”

• • Research and specializationResearch and specialization

• • Risk analysis/Cost benefitsRisk analysis/Cost benefits

Match acceptable solutionMatch acceptable solution



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BenefitsBenefits



•More consistent applicationMore consistent application

•Existing requirements retained – minimum Existing requirements retained – minimum disruption to usersdisruption to users

•More information to evaluate equivalents More information to evaluate equivalents and innovative solutionsand innovative solutions

•Easier to apply to existing buildingsEasier to apply to existing buildings

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Formal EducationFormal Education




• • New key conceptsNew key concepts

• • Alternative solutions — Alternative solutions — documentationdocumentation

• • Support tools — quick guidesSupport tools — quick guides

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Education programmeEducation programme




• • Who - building and other officialsWho - building and other officials

• • How - classroom and internetHow - classroom and internet

• • When - late 2005 and beyondWhen - late 2005 and beyond

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Back to the FutureBack to the Future

In ConclusionIn Conclusion



• • Use history and experienceUse history and experience

• • Research and experimentationResearch and experimentation

• • Dream new dreamsDream new dreams

• • Advance boldly into tomorrowAdvance boldly into tomorrow

1950 2000

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1941

41Alastair J. M. Aikman P.Eng.Alastair J. M. Aikman P.Eng.


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BRAND - Germany

LONDON - England

SYDNEY - Australia

TORONTO - Ontario

LONDON - England

Imagination and IngenuityImagination and Ingenuity







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BRAND - Germany

LONDON - England

SYDNEY - Australia

TORONTO - Ontario

LONDON - England

Imagination and IngenuityImagination and Ingenuity

THANK YOUTHANK YOU



For further information you may contact

Alastair Aikman, P.Eng.

Aikman Engineering

Phone: 780-444-3550

or by e-mail at

[email protected]

1 the following presentation was made by alastair j. m. aikman, p.eng at a district luncheon meeting...

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