1. Why did Iran and Iraq go to war in 1980? 2. How did the Iran-Iraq War impact Iraq? List three ways! 3. Who were the Kurds? 4. Describe the relationship between Iraq and the West. Why did the U.S. support them? 5. THINKER: How did the Cold War impact relations between Middle Eastern countries, as well as, the U.S.? Explain! International organization composed of 12 countries Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela Goal is to secure income to member nations by supplying a steady oil supply to the global market OPEC production is a key factor in global oil prices By Block #1 (no school Monday!), complete your outline notes on short term/immediate causes of the Gulf War using pages For bellwork today, Im going to test your document analysis skills! Read documents A- D on pages Next, respond to questions 1-5 for bellwork. Be ready to discuss! *NOTE: Question #2 should say invasion of Kuwait, NOT Iraq. During the Iran-Iraq War, Kuwait was one of Iraqs closest alliesso what happened? Why Kuwait? In 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling Iraq's inability to pay more than $80 billion that had been borrowed to finance the IranIraq war (Iraq requested the debt be forgiven due to economic troubles Kuwait refused) Kuwaiti overproduction of petroleum kept revenues down for Iraq. Estimated that between 1985 and 1989, Iraq lost $14 billion a year due to Kuwait's oil price strategy. Kuwait's refusal to decrease its oil production was viewed as an act of aggression by Iraq. IRA Q KUWAIT Rumaila Oil Field IRAQ August 2, 1990 Saddam used 100,000 soldiers and 2,000 tanks Within 12 hours, the Kuwaiti royal family fled and Iraq took control Declared Kuwait the 19 th province of Iraq The invasion resulted in the seven-month long occupation of Kuwait, and led to direct military intervention by American-led forces in the Gulf War Also caused the torching of 600 Kuwaiti oil wells Iraqi government claimed Kuwait was a natural part of Iraq carved off as a result of British imperialism The Kuwaiti Emir (title for high-serving official) was a highly unpopular figure among the Kuwaiti people. By overthrowing the Emir, it granted Kuwaitis greater economic and political freedom. Jaber III al- Ahmad al- Jaber al- Sabah. Kuwaiti Emir, Jaber III ruled from and was forced into exile in Saudi Arabia after Iraqs invasion of Kuwait. For the causes, explain why it was such a problem and how it led to the Gulf War. Long Term Causes Iran-Iraq War Decline of Soviet influence Saddam Husseins attempt to expand his influence in the region Western support for Saddam Short Term Causes Iraqs economic position by 1990 US failure to give stronger position on Saddams actions Saddams invasion of Kuwait Triggers for War Limited impact of sanctions Failure of negotiations The US need to keep the coalition together Saddams miscalculations UN established sanctions August 8 US troops are deployed to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield) August 10 Arab League authorized the dispatch of Arab forces to Saudi Arabia November UN Security Council authorized the use, of any necessary measures to secure the removal of Iraq from Kuwait (Desert Storm) starting 1/15/91 What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law Read pgs in the Gulf War packet Focus on strategies used to fight the Gulf War on sea, land and air.