10 bullying in schools
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT CJS 380 RECOMMENDED
INCREASE THE EFFORT INCREASE THE RISKS REDUCE THE REWARDS REDUCE PROVOCATIONS REMOVE EXCUSESHarden targets Extend guardianship Conceal targets Reduce frustration/stress Set rulesFind places where most bullying takes place
Buddies List the rules & punishments
Assess surroundings of problem areas
Escorts No bully policy in/out of school, by principalstudent sign 'no bully' policy
Control access to facilities Assist natural surveillance Remove targets Avoid disputes Post instructionsStagger access to rest room or lockers
design natual watchable spaces Advertise where & how victims report
lighting and remove lockersScreen exits Reduce anonymity Identify property Reduce emotional arousal Alert conscience
anonymous award program Signs around schoolSchool meeting on bullyingLetter to parents
Deflect offenders Utilize place managers Disrupt markets Neutralize peer pressure Assist complianceclose 'cubby holes' Teachers or staff walk-throughs
in halls, other problem areasPre-pay lunch monthly In-school service activities
Alter student routes by segregating younger students
student monitors (older, more responsible)
Parent-student conferences
cheap/fake cameraswalkie-talkies
Control weapons/tools Strengthen formal surveillance Deny benefits Disourage imitation Control alcohol/drugsPatrol bully hotspotsinvest in forms of surveillance
In the News
President Obama & the First Lady: Conference on Bullying Prevention The President and First Lady Michelle Obama discuss how we can all
work together to end bullying as an accepted practice and create a safer environment for our kids to grow up in.
White House Conference on Bullying Prevention materials Legislature Spotlights Bullying in Schools
Texas: currently more than 15 antibullying bills filed in the Legislature this session
Schools are failing to keep students safe Justice Department's Civil Rights Division and the U.S. Attorney's
Office recently reached an agreement with the School District of Philadelphia to address reports of severe, pervasive bullying of Asian American students at South Philadelphia High School
Watch video here
The Problem Bullying – in general [from POP Guide No. 12 (2002)
] Is widespread and perhaps the most underreported
safety problem on American school campuses▪ 10 to 29 percent of students reported to be either bullies
or victims Has long-lasting harmful effects, for both the
victim and the bully Occurs more often at school than on the way to
and from. Occurs most frequently during elementary school,
and slightly less often in middle schools.
What Constitutes Bullying Bullying has two key components:
repeated harmful acts an imbalance of power
Bullying behaviors includes assault, tripping, intimidation, rumor-spreading and isolation, demands for money, destruction of property, theft of valued possessions, destruction of another's work, and name-calling.
Also sexual harassment ostracism based on perceived sexual orientation; and hazing.
Reluctance To Report Most students do not report bullying to adults Teachers may underestimate extent of bullying and
can identify only a portion of the actual bullies Reasons for underreporting
Fear retaliation Victims feel ashamed Believe teachers won’t intervene or confidence that
things will change if they do Believe telling parents or teaches will make matters
worse Don’t want to be a snitch
Student-witness role central in creating bullying opportunities
In each bullying act, there is: a victim the ringleader bully assistant bullies (join in) reinforcers (provide an audience or
laugh with or encourage the bully) outsiders (stay away or take no sides),
and defenders (step in, stick up for or
comfort the victim)
Bullying Behavior More often at school than on the way to/from Boys are more likely to bully than girls
Boys bully both boys and girls Tend to rely on physical aggression (direct bullying);
Girl bullies Mainly bully girls Often use teasing, rumor-spreading, exclusion, and
social isolation (indirect bullying) Bullies have other peers involved about half the
time Racial/religious bullying about 25%, 8% frequently
Characteristics of Bullies
Aggressive (parents physically punish/violent)
Dominant (with low empathy) Slightly below average in intelligence
and reading ability (by middle school)
At least of average popularity (most studies)
Poor social skills (compensation) Young bullies tend to remain bullies,
without appropriate intervention
Incidents of Bullying
Occurs most often where adult supervision is low or absent: In schoolyards, cafeterias, bathrooms,
hallways, on busses Classroom bullying may have more to do
with the classroom management techniques a teacher uses
Cyber-bullies can operate anonymously and harm a wide audience
Victims of Bullying
Most victims in the same class or year as bully 30% bully is older; 10% bully is younger
Victims often (not always) smaller and weaker than their peers Nonassertive, socially incompetent
Having friends reduces chance of victimization
Chronic victims: 6% of 10% of school age children
Consequences of Bullying
Psychological and/or physical distress
Chronic absence, low concentration Low self-esteem, can lead to
depression Physical health problems for chronic
victims
Effective Strategies: General
Specific Responses
Specific Responses
Operation Mullion (Tilley Award Winner) Hampshire Constabulary
Issue 1 Assaults / Bullying within schoolThe partnerships biggest concern, especially in the light of media publicity, was bullying. Over a 2-year period assaults within Mayfield reported to police had increased from 4 to 18 a year. All occurred during school hours and 17 were student on student related. The culture in the school between students appeared to be that bullying was accepted. A majority of the incidents reported were as a result of retaliation between students for some misunderstanding or confusion or tended to be related to long-term arguments. As bullying had become accepted within the society as the “norm,” many more incidents were occurring and going unreported due to a lack of confidence in the situation being managed effectively. Belief created an environment that allowed a bullying culture to flourish.
The Underlying Causes appeared to be: Bullying between children and acceptance of this as the norm.Lack of confidence in school reporting procedures.Lack of appropriate rule setting.
Reducing Anti-Social Behaviour and Crime in and around Mayfield School
Link to full report
Partnership ResponseBest Practice in dealing with bullying is already in place … were analysed and in partnership consultation, a suitable Policy was drawn up by the school. This policy was then implemented by:Advertising a “No Bullying Campaign” throughout the School.Posters in corridors with names and contact details of key individuals.Information available on the School website.Adopting a Multi-agency approach to dealing with incidents.Students encouraged to report bullying.Counselling services for perpetrators.Appropriate rule setting, set up and maintained.Mentors utilised from existing school council and support put in place for victims.
This had a profound effect on the reporting of incidents. The confidence of the students in the School processes and the Police improved. Reporting of incidents rose dramatically and with it our relationship with the students blossomed. We became an intrinsic part of the procedures of discipline. The school invited us to case conferences and re-integration meetings to work with individual students. This role has developed and we are now regularly involved in many of these situations. It also became accepted that Police were visiting the school to work with staff and students, and the students became more receptive to us.
Assessment
Overall crime in Mayfield School reduced 36% savings of in cost police
investigations of school crime (£4800) Reported assaults increased by 100% in
first year of program Staff and students interviews revealed that
students appeared to trust and understand the systems available
Reduced in following year to below pre-program levels
HOW DID WE DO? WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE?
INCREASE THE EFFORT INCREASE THE RISKS REDUCE THE REWARDS REDUCE PROVOCATIONS REMOVE EXCUSESHarden targets Extend guardianship Conceal targets Reduce frustration/stress Set rulesFind places where most bullying takes place
Buddies List the rules & punishments
Assess surroundings of problem areas
Escorts No bully policy in/out of school, by principalstudent sign 'no bully' policy
Control access to facilities Assist natural surveillance Remove targets Avoid disputes Post instructionsStagger access to rest room or lockers
design natual watchable spaces Advertise where & how victims report
lighting and remove lockersScreen exits Reduce anonymity Identify property Reduce emotional arousal Alert conscience
anonymous award program Signs around schoolSchool meeting on bullyingLetter to parents
Deflect offenders Utilize place managers Disrupt markets Neutralize peer pressure Assist complianceclose 'cubby holes' Teachers or staff walk-throughs
in halls, other problem areasPre-pay lunch monthly In-school service activities
Alter student routes by segregating younger students
student monitors (older, more responsible)
Parent-student conferences
cheap/fake cameraswalkie-talkies
Control weapons/tools Strengthen formal surveillance Deny benefits Disourage imitation Control alcohol/drugsPatrol bully hotspotsinvest in forms of surveillance