10 Feb 2015

Safety Meeting

Agenda for Tonight

• Welcome and Remarks by Club President• BoD Update to Members• Safety Meeting: Human Factors and Pilot

Decision Making

Human Factors and Pilot Decision Making

Tonight, We Will Cover

• General Aviation vs. other types of Flying• Aeronautical Decision-Making• “PAVE” Model• Case Studies

Aviation vs Other Endeavors

Unlike other regulations, which are designed to protect the weakest or least-skilled member of a group, the FAA designs its regulations to maximize the capabilities of the best pilots and aircraft. This is because the FAA has a dual purpose of promoting aviation while at the same time regulating its safety.

- Richard Jensen, Ph.D, Director, Ohio State University Aviation Psychology Laboratory

General Aviation vs. Other Types of Aviation

Military andAirline

Operations

Other Commercial Operations

Flying Club General Aviation

- Third Class* Medical Exams - Annual Flight Check- Aircraft Checkouts/Currencies- FAR Parts 61/91 - BUPERSINST 1710.22- Safety Meetings, PIF

Failed orAbsent Defenses

OrganizationalFactors

UnsafeSupervision

Preconditionsfor Unsafe Acts

UnsafeActs

Adapted from Reason (1990)

Accident & Injury

Reason’s “Swiss-cheese” Model of Human ErrorReason’s “Swiss-cheese” Model of Human Error

Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)

• 80% of all Aviation Accidents due to Human Factors

• Over 50% are due to poor judgement• So how do we help pilots make better

decisions?

So, What is it?

• ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances

Decision-Making Process

ANTICIPATE

EVALUATE RECOGNIZE

ACT

Scope of ADM--“PAVE”

• Pilot (IMSAFE)• Aircraft• enVironment• External pressures

Pilot--“IMSAFE”

• Illness• Medications• Stress• Alcohol• Fatigue• Emotions/Eating

Aircraft

• Performance• Fuel Requirements• Emergency Equipment/Procedures• Systems Knowledge

EnVironment

• Weather• Airport Conditions• Terrain• Airspace

External Pressures

• Trip Planning• Alternate Plans• Personal Equipment

Personal Minimums

• Aircraft• Currency• Weather • Crosswind• Fuel

Scenario 1

• Experienced ‘Bush Pilot’ in Stinson 108-3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVM3RRd1vf0

Scenario 2

• Private Pilot working on Instrument Rating• VFR Night Cross Country Flight with Ground

Visual Checkpoints

Scenario 3

Final Thoughts

• Integrity• Breaking the Accident Chain• Begins Well Before the Flight• Takes Changes Into Account• Personal Minimums

Additional Resources

‒ AC 60-22, “Aeronautical Decision Making”‒ Redefining Airmanship, Tony Kern‒ Videos

‒ “Do The Right Thing,” AOPA Air Safety Foundation‒ “Anatomy of a General Aviation Accident” 2014 ‒ “Making the Right Decisions” NTSB Brief 2012 Sun N’ Fun‒ “General Aviation Pilot Decision Making”

Questions/Comments

Chuck Melton (757) 812-3721 cm814652@gmail.com

Preview—Next Safety Meeting• BASH (LT Clay Martin)

– 10 Mar 2015

Future Safety Meeting Subjects Human Factors and Pilot Decision Making• Local Flying Area Problems• Mid-Air Collision Prevention Seasonal Flying Hazards (including Wx and Bird Migration)• Light Aircraft Maintenance and Potential Problem Areas• Mishap Reports• Wake Turbulence, Thunderstorms, Microbursts, Crosswinds, Flight

Planning and Fuel Management Lost Pilot and other Emergency Procedures• Spatial Disorientation, Survival, and Hypoxia• Medication and Self-Medicating Hazards• Mountain flying• Cross-Country Flying