10. the battle of gettysburg
TRANSCRIPT
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The Battle of The Battle of GettysburgGettysburg
July 1st - July 3rd1863
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Battle of Gettysburg
The fighting at Gettysburg was the largest and most famous battle of
the Civil War.
It marked the South’s greatest advance into the North - and the beginning of its eventual defeat
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Before the Battle• Confederates had inflicted a bloody defeat of the Union at
Fredericksburg, VA. In December, 1862
• North was defeated again in the Battle of Chancellorsville, VA April 30-May 6, 1863
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Before the Battle
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee decides to invade the North for a second time in Spring-Early Summer ‘63:
– To gain supplies
– To pull Union forces away from Vicksburg, Mississippi which was under siege and expected to surrender soon
– He hoped that a decisive victory would force the Union to surrender before Vicksburg fell
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Gettysburg
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Day 1• Confederate soldiers led by
A.P. Hill went on a search for shoes in Gettysburg, attacked by Union troops
• 90,000 Union troops took the field against 75,000 Confederates
• Confederates take control over the town of Gettysburg
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Day 2• Lee orders General James Longstreet
to attack at Cemetery Ridge
• Confederate soldiers attack at an unprotected Union hill known as Little Round Top
• Union leaders send Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain and his men to defend Little Round Top
• Because Chamberlain was running low on fuel, he ordered his men to attack the Confederates with fixed bayonets. This surprise attack left Confederates surrendering in droves.
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Day 3• Lee felt could break Union defenses,
because Union weakened
• Lee ordered an artillery barrage at the middle of Union lines mid afternoon
• • PICKETT’S CHARGE - Longstreet,
confident the barrage had silenced Union guns, ordered Confederate troops to attack the center of the Union lines behind a stone wall.
• Northern artillery resumed its fire and crippled the Confederate attackers, only a handful of which made it to the stone wall.
• Lee sent General Jeb Stuart’s forces to surprise attack Union General Meade’s forces.
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Day 3
• Lee had made an uncharacteristic error, as the Confederates lay defeated he ordered his men to retreat back south
• The Confederacy never again threatened the Northern capital
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After the Battle• More than 23,000 Union
casualties and 28,000 Confederate Casualties
• Lee turned in his resignation which Jefferson Davis did not accept
• The North won the Battle of Vicksburg exactly one day after the Battle of Gettysburg ended, on July 4th, 1863
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The Gettysburg Address
• Four months later President Lincoln visited the battle site and gave what would become his most famous speech
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Significance of Gettysburg• Turning point in the war• Crippled South so badly, Lee never invaded
Northern states again• Gettysburg Address helped the nation realize it
was not just a collection of individual states