Warm Up

• Thesis sentence discussion: S+D+3R• Share thesis sentences– Come up with a consensus on the overall

treatment of Jews in the Middle Ages• Write a group thesis sentence

The 100 Years War

1337-1453 C.E.

Philip VI of France

• In 1337, Philip VI of France took Gascony because Edward III of England refused to pay homage to the King

• Both men claimed the throne of France as they were both descended from Philip III

French Royal Line

Isabella and Edward III, King of England, Duke of Gascony

Discussion

• What are the causes of the Hundred Years War?

• How did the nature of feudalism help to cause the war?

The Battle of Sluys• France's sea power led to

economic disruptions in England as it cut down on the wool trade to Flanders and the wine trade from Gascony.

• However, in 1340, while attempting to hinder the English army from landing, the French fleet was almost completely destroyed in the Battle of Sluys.

• After this, England was able to dominate the English Channel for the rest of the war, preventing French invasions.

Early Phases of the War

Battle of Crecy

Discussion

• How did the issues of social class and technology impact the war?

Edward, the Black Prince

• Responsible for victory at Crecy

• Made war on French countryside to take wealth and disrupt the French economy

• Massacre at Limoges• Wore black armor

Dangers of Mercenaries• Edward's army was the first large

mercenary (i.e. paid or even professional) army of medieval Europe.

• Its members were paid by the day and in the loot they could plunder.

• The army was ordered to "work" all the time for their money, not just at the set piece battles between soldiers that had formed the stuff of medieval history to date.

• "Working" meant not just plunder and looting of everyone and everything in sight, but also a scorched earth policy of destroying, burning and laying waste - not to mention rape and murder.

• It has been estimated that in just two months in 1355, the Black Prince managed to devastate 18,000 square miles of south west France.

Later Phases of the War• After the death of Edward,

the Black Prince, the mercenaries remained in France doing their “work”.

• The French regained their territories over time

• In 1415, Henry V of England invaded France to take advantage of the uprising of the Dukes of Orleans and Burgundy against the king of France, Charles VI

Discussion

• What are the dangers of armies in the Middle Ages?

• How can mercenaries be even more dangerous?

Agincourt

25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day);

Map of France after Agincourt

Henry V becomes King of France• Henry marries Catherine,

daughter of Charles VI• Charles, the Dauphin (meaning

prince of France and heir to the throne, though here had already been officially disinherited) took up the war against England in 1428

• He was weak like his father and failed to unite the French against the English until a certain peasant girl from Champagne arrived…

Joan of Arc• c. 1412 - Approx date

of birth• c. 1424 - Described

visions• Helps the Dauphin

unite the people of France

• 8 May 1429 - Lifting of the siege of Orleans

• Captured by the Duke of Burgundy and inquisited by bishops loyal to Henry and the Duke

The Execution of Joan of Arc

End of the War• Though Joan was found

guilty of witchcraft and executed, she did help the Dauphin to turn the tide against the English

• Joan would eventually be made a saint by the Catholic Church

• England’s Henry VI could not hold territory especially in light of revolts at home

• The war had proven the effectiveness of gun powder and cannons, especially as they proved decisive in the last Battle of Castillon.

• By the end of the war, both England and France would have standing armies, the first since the fall of Rome.

• The wanton destruction and death would exacerbate the effects of the plague and peasant revolts…

Journal

• What challenges or difficulties are you having in this class so far?

• What are some strategies you can use to cope?