*Building IT System *Building IT SystemsSUKAMTO

Building IT System *Selling your ideas is challenging. First, you must get your listeners to agree with you in principle. Then, you must move them to action. Use the Dale Carnegie Training Evidence Action Benefit formula, and you will deliver a motivational, action-oriented presentation.

*Building IT System *Introduction When an organization develops a new IT system, it goes through much the same process as buil-ding a home; this process called the system development life cycle (SDLC).After determining that a problem or opportunity exists and gathering the necessary requirements or characteristic of the new system, an organiza-tion may choose to lets its own IT specialist design and build the new system or hire another organization or independent consultant to do it.

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*Building IT System *Building IT Systems

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*Building IT System *Why Organization Want Your InvolvementThe success of the system development process which will have an impact on the success of the organization, depends on the active participation of many people.People who participate during the system development process include IT specialist, users, and customers.

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*Building IT System *Why Organization Want Your InvolvementAs an employee of an organization, you will potentially wear many hats (perform diffe-rent tasks) during the system development process. This may include being:A business process expert.A manager of the peopleA liaison to the customerA quality control analyst

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*Building IT System *Why Organization Undertake the SDLCOrganization today develop systems to take advantage of IT.These advantages include performing task more efficiently and effectively and providing new products or services (innovation)

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*Building IT System *The need of System Development Life CycleTo convert manual system to an automated systemTotally overhaul an existing systemMake changes to an existing systemMake minor revision to an existing systemInvent a new system

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*Building IT System *The In-House System Development Life CycleThe in-house SDLC is a set of six stages that an organization goes through to develop an IT system.During theses six stages, the organization relies on its own IT staff to carry out the necessary tasks.

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*Building IT System *The Six Stages of The In-House SDLCDefine the problem/opportunityGather requirements for new systemDesign the new systemDevelop the new systemImplement the new systemMaintain the new system

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*Building IT System *The In-House SDLC

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*Building IT System *Stage 1: Define the Problem/ Opportunity

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*Building IT System *Stage 2: Gather Requirements for the New System

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*Building IT System *Stage 3: Design the New System

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*Building IT System *Stage 4: Develop the New System

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*Building IT System *Stage 5: Implementing the New SystemThe implementing stage involves actually installing the hardware and software, training users, and using the new system.The most important things is converting from the old to the new way.Converting from the old to the new way can be achieved in many ways: parallel, plunge, piecemeal, and pilot.

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*Building IT System *Parallel ConversionUsing both the old and new system until the project development team determines that the new system works correctly.Probably the most expensive (it may require some people to perform the same task two different way), but its also the safest.

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*Building IT System *Plunge ConversionTotally discarding the old system and immediately begin using the new systemAlthough this method is fast and inexpensive, its the riskiest if the new system doesnt work.

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*Building IT System *Piecemeal ConversionPiecemeal conversion occurs when one portion of the new system is implemented and verified before other portion are implemented.For example, if an organization were implementing a new accounting system, it may choose to implement the payroll portion before implementing the inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable portion.

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*Building IT System *Piloting Only one portion of the users start using the new system until it is verified.After that, the remaining users convert to the new system.

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*Building IT System *Stage 6: Maintain the New SystemDuring this stage, member of the project team monitor the system to make sure it continues to work correctly and makes changes as the need arises.

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*Building IT System *Outsourcing The Request for Proposal ProcessOutsourcing occurs when an organization decides to let someone else take over and develop, operate, and/or maintain part or its operation.For SDLC or IT system, many organization hire consultants to assist during requirements gathering and design, contract programmer for the development (programming and testing) of software, to implement a new system, train user, and maintain the hardware and software.

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*Building IT System *The Considerations Besides being a cost-effective mechanism, the real logic behind outsourcing is to focus management effort and resources on the firms priority areas of business.

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*Building IT System *A Request For Proposal (RFP)RFP is a document that outlines the necessary requirements for a new system and solicits bids from other organization or individuals (generally referred to as vendor)A good RFP provides a description of the organization and future changes in the organization (for example, the number of students in the year 2003)The RFP defines the problem/opportunity and provide a complete description of how the current system works and the logical requirements for the new system.

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*Building IT System *The New SDLC

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*Building IT System *Characteristic of a Good RFPOrganizational background describedFuture projections outlinedComplete problem/opportunity definedRequirements listed and rankedEvaluation criteria completely detailedContact person specifiedDeadline for RFP returns statedTimetable for project completion includedConciseThorough

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*Building IT System *Why is Software Development so Difficult and Take So Long?Incomplete or ambiguous requirement specifications during requirements gathering.Lack of user and customer involvement throughout the SDLC.Requirement changes over the course of time.Computer are simplemindedOne error means big failure.

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*Building IT System *Prototyping A prototype is a simulation or experimental model of a proposed system or product.Prototyping is the process of developing a simulation or experimental model.Prototyping can be used as a tool within the SDLC or it can be used as a replacement for SDLC.

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*Building IT System *The Prototyping ProcessIdentifying basic requirementsDeveloping the initial prototype.User reviewingRevising and enhancing the prototype

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*Building IT System *The Prototyping Process

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*Building IT System *The Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping

AdvantagesDisadvantages Encourages active user participationGives users a feel for the new systemBecomes a blueprint for the final systemHelps resolve discrepancies among usersAids in determining technical feasibilityHelps sell the idea of a proposed systemLeads users to believe the final system will follow shortlyLeads to a gloss-over effectGives no indication of likely performance under operational conditions

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*Building IT System *Data Flow DiagrammingA data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical tool that shows the process that act on data and information as they flow through a system.Data flow diagramming incorporates a top-down decomposition approach to modeling the processes within a system.

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*Building IT System *Context-Level Diagram

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*Building IT System *Second-Level DFD

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*Building IT System *Computer-Assisted Software Engineering ToolsCASE tools are software tools that automate some portion of the SDLC.CASE tools can help perform tasks within the SDLC such as identifying the problem or opportunity, gathering requirements, generating sample screen and reports, generating a technical blueprint from the requirements, an providing documentation.

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*Building IT System *Documentation ProductionCASE tools generate a lot of documentation such as description of how process work, data dictionaries for databases, data flow diagrams, and software documentation.Software documentation becomes important if changes have to be made in the future.The documentation that CASE tools produce becomes a knowledge repository that will be very beneficial in the future.

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*Building IT System *Changing the Design, not the SoftwareIf changes do occur,you use CASE tools to change the technical design and then simply regenerate the software.This greatly reduces the amount of time it takes to do maintenance.

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*Building IT System *Reverse EngineeringReverse engineering is the process of building design documents (the system technical blueprint) from software. Many CASE tools will allow you to use existing software and reverse the process to automatically build design documents.

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*Building IT System *Producing Correct SoftwareCASE tools use the technical blueprint to produce software. Not only do they produce software fast (sometimes 1,500 lines per minute), they also produce correct software.Correct software doesnt have to be tested to see if it works; it only has to be tested to see if it meets the processing requirements.

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*Selling your ideas is challenging. First, you must get your listeners to agree with you in principle. Then, you must move them to action. Use the Dale Carnegie Training Evidence Action Benefit formula, and you will deliver a motivational, action-oriented presentation. *