11 first aid revised
TRANSCRIPT
First Aid
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Safety And Health Officer Certificate Course
Learning Objectives
• To define what is first aid
• To state the purpose of first aid at workplace
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• To describe 3 principles of first aid
• To explain the requirement under the first aid guideline by DOSH
• To explain 3 levels of first aid training
Scope
• Reasons for providing First-Aid
• Planning for First-Aid
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• First-Aid facilities
• Training
What Is First-Aid
First aid is "the immediate and temporary care of the victim of an accident, with the aim of preventing or
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accident, with the aim of preventing or reducing an acute threat to the life or health of the victim".
– International Labour Organisation
The Aims of First-Aid are to:
• Preserve life
• Stop the condition becoming worse
• Protect the unconscious
• Promote recovery and
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• Promote recovery and
• Relieve pain and suffering
• Compliance with Factory and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations 1970 (Reg. 38) and OSHA 1994 (Section 15(1)
Who Needs First-Aid
A person who:
– Requires immediate attention
– Whose injury would not need treatment by a medical practitioner or nurse
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– Minor injuries who would otherwise receive no treatment
Note:
All injuries however minor should be treated, otherwise it might lead to infections leading to lost time illnesses.
First-Aid Response
• Get help immediately. Speed is essential. Minutes can save lives
• First-Aider assess situation without
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• First-Aider assess situation without endangering self
• Identify injury or injuries
First-Aid Response
• In cases of multiple casualties prioritise treatment
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• Keep records of treatments
Principles Of First-Aid
IDENTIFICATION
• What kind of injuries or diseases anticipated
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Principles Of First-Aid
ASSESSMENT
• The type of work being carried out and its level of hazard
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• Work away from the employer's premises.
• Consequences
• Availability of other places of treatment (are there hospitals nearby?)
Principles Of First-Aid
CONTROL
• Provision of first aid facilities and services
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First-Aid Worker Exposure
• The duties of first aiders should be analysed as part of the hazard management process
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• Identify hazards from
– Manual handling
– Infection control
Level of Preparation –Depends On Risk
• Planning is important for high risk places of work, such as:
– Workplaces which use or manufacture hazardous substances
– Workplaces where hazardous processes may be
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– Workplaces where hazardous processes may be used (e.g.abrasive blasting);
– Construction sites;
– Where heat is used as part of any process (e.g. working in foundries or welding and cutting); and
– Workplaces which require people to work in remote isolated areas (e.g. agricultural or transport industry).
Level of Preparation –Depends On Risk
• If has potential for mass casualties provide:
– Safe place for evacuation
– Equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, etc.
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– Equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, etc.
• For hazardous substances and poisons
– Procedures, training and PPE for handling
• Antidotes in first-aid box, e.g. for cyanide and procedure for using it, if necessary
– To be administered only by trained first aider
A First-Aid Program
• Properly trained and designated first-aid personnel on every shift,
• First-aid kit, supplies and room,
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• A first-aid manual,
• Posted instructions for calling a physician and notifying the hospital that the patient is reroute,
A First-Aid Program
• Posted method for transporting ill or injured employees and instructions for calling an ambulance or rescue squad and
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calling an ambulance or rescue squad and
• An adequate first-aid record system
First-Aid Consideration
• For all workplaces
– Communications – for quick response
– Rescue and evacuation
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First-Aid Consideration
• Plan first-aid in conjunction with the emergency response plan. (Especially for major hazard facilities (MHF)
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• If there are many employers in the same workplace, therefore the principal employer is responsible
First-Aid Consideration
Matters to be determined having identified
hazards and assessed the risks at the
workplace are:
• The number and location of first aid box
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• Their contents
• The number of employees to be trained in first aid
• The level of training
• Possible need for a first aid room and equipment it should contain
First-Aid Consideration
• Number of first aider
• The numbers of employees.
• The distribution of employees
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• The distribution of employees
• Number of shifts
• The nature of the work (type of industry)
• The size and location of the workplace
• The distance from outside medical services
First-Aid Consideration
• Selection of first aiders
• Appointment of a person in low risk
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• Appointment of a person in low risk situations (office)
First-Aid Boxes
• Sturdy, portable and readily accessible - mobile employees also to be considered
• Names of First Aiders / emergency services on
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• Names of First Aiders / emergency services on or near to box
• CPR instructions in / or near box
First-Aid Boxes
• Place of work injury instructions in or near to box
• Content is dependent on the type of services
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• Content is dependent on the type of services required
• Headaches and colds medicine may not be included
First-Aid Boxes
• List content and its quantity to facilitate replenishment
• Employer is responsible. First Aider to assist replenishing contents
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replenishing contents
• There is often a difference of opinion regarding proper treatment, first-aid procedures
– Should specify the type of medication, if any, to be used on minor injuries, such as cuts and burns
First-Aid Equipment
• In areas where chemicals are stored, handled, or used provide:
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– Emergency flood showers
– Low pressure eye-wash fountains
First-Aid Room
• When more than 150 employees
• Enough to place a couch and people to move around
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move around
• Identified, private, well lit (including emergency lighting), ventilated and temperature controlled
First-Aid Room
• Access for wheelchair/stretcher
• Easy access to work areas and toilets
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• Easy to clean
Stretchers
• Keep near places of serious hazards
• Keep clean and ready for use at all times
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• Keep clean and ready for use at all times
• Keep in cabinets that are clearly marked and properly located
Stretchers
• Protected against mechanical damage and destructive vapours or fumes, dust, etc.
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• Tested periodically if made of materials that will deteriorate
Training For All Employees
• Location of first aid boxes/rooms
• Names, location, contact numbers of First Aiders
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Aiders
• First aid procedures
• Universal precautions
First Aid Training
LEVEL I
– BASIC FIRST AID (emergency first aid procedures).
LEVEL 2
– WORKPLACE FIRST AID (Level I plus treatment of injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack, fainting).
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– WORKPLACE FIRST AID (Level I plus treatment of injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack, fainting).
LEVEL 3
– OCCUPATIONAL FIRST AID - (Level 2 plus broad understanding of hazards, emergency care & assessment)
• Use approved training provider
Summary
• First-aid is for preserving life and preventing conditions of accident victims from worsening
• Assess hazards in the workplace before
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• Assess hazards in the workplace before first-aid services and programmes are identified
Summary
• First-aid programme consists of:
– Identification of First Aiders and training of employees
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employees
– Provision of first-aid boxes
– First-aid room, stretchers, showers and eyewash if necessary