first aid skills revised jun06

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First Aid Skills

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Discovery Ranger Workbook Pages 195-209

Leaders Red Merit Reference Pages 169 - 199

Welcome to First Aid Skills

Lesson Two Lesson Three Lesson Four Lesson Five



First Aid Skills

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Lesson One



First Aid Skills

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Lesson One ± Objectives

Fundamentals of First Aid

1. Define the meaning of First Aid.

2. Explain how to use the 911 system.

3. Explain the first concern when giving first

aid.4. Explain when to move and when not to

move an injured person.

5. List the four steps of victim assessment.



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First Aid is care given to aninjured person to stabilize andkeep him / her safe until he /she can receive professional

medical attention.

Fundamentals of First AidFundamentals of First Aid

1. What is the purpose of first aid:

DR Workbook Pg 199, Question 1



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MWS 2: RAP

ABCH Page 200



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Scenario:

A man has been hit by a car and thrown into the

street. He is wearing shorts, and blood is flowing, but

not spurting, from his leg. What looks like a bone is

sticking out of his leg.

What are the two major concerns when giving firstaid to this victim?



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First, safety of the rescuer from traffic

and the safety of the of the victim.

Second, unless the victim is in a life-threatening situation, he should not be

moved.

Answer:



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a. The first rule of first aid and the primary

concern is:

b. The second concern is, unless the victim is in a

life-threatening situation, he or she should:


2. List the Two Major Concerns When2. List the Two Major Concerns When

Giving First Aid:Giving First Aid: Pg. 199Pg. 199

Safety

Not Be Moved



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MWS 2: RAP

ABCH Page 200



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Giving First Aid

RAP ABCH

R is for ResponsivenessIs the victim conscious?

Touch their shoulder, ask if they are alright.

Ask if they need help.

If they say no, then proceed no further

If yes, or no response, then proceed to A



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Giving First Aid

RAP ABCH

A is for Activate EMS or 911



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Your name

The emergency

The location of the emergency Condition of the victim

How to Use the 911 SystemHow to Use the 911 System

4. What are the four things you need to

remember when making a 911 call? Pg. 199

Stay on the line with the operator until help arrives.



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Check the victim forresponsiveness. If they do

not respond or if they tellyou that they need help,then contact EMS.

How To Use the 911 SystemHow To Use the 911 System

When should EMS / 911 be called?

Page 195, Question 2b



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When To Move An InjuredPerson

MWS 2, page 200

P is for Position

Only re-position the victim if the victim is in

further danger in their present location.

And / or there does not seem to be spinal injury

and additional care requires moving them.



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If there are suspected spinal injuries,do not move the victim (except whenthe victim is in a life threatening

situation).Seek immediate medical attention. Follow the flowchart and

care for the victim in any form that does not require moving the

victim.

Explain when an injured personshould and should not be moved?

Requirement 4, Pg. 195



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Use the mnemonic ´ABCHµ

MWS 2, Page 200

Four Steps of Four Steps of VictimVictimAssessmentAssessment

A is for airway

Use your finger to sweep the mouth to remove any seen object.

If this fails, then perform the Heimlich maneuver or abdominal

thrusts. We will learn these techniques in later lessons.

-check to see if the airway is blocked.



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B is for breathing


Look, listen and feel by watching the chest and placing

your cheek a few inches above the mouth of the victim to

sense any movement of air. If the victim is not breathing,they may need their head repositioned.

If they are still not breathing they need rescue breathing, do

not give unless you are trained, instead, find an adult.



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C is for circulation


If there is not a pulse, then this person needs CPR.

The best place to check for a pulse is the carotid

artery along the side of the neck along thewindpipe.

If you are not trained in CPR, then find someone

who is.



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H is for Hemorrhaging


If the victim is bleeding, then provide the necessary

care.

If not, then begin a secondary assessment.

Complete filling in MWS 2 RAP ABCH Flowchart



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Lesson One Review

First aid is a first-response activity, nothing more.It¶s sole goal is to maintain the injured person until

they get professional help.

First priority ± Safety for all!Blood from a cut or torn vein will flow, a cut artery

will spurt.

Fill out the True-False Questions on Page 199.



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Lesson OneTrue-False Questions MWS 1, Pg. 199

T F 5. Checking the victim, calling for help, and giving careare three steps in treating someone who has been

seriously hurt or ill.

T F 6. It is ok to move someone who is seriously hurt to make

them feel better.

T F 7. Knowing first aid could save a life, and applying first

aid should be accompanied with prayer.



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T F 8. The groove to the side of the neck (carotid artery) is agood place to check the pulse.

T F 9. Calling for help may be the most important thing

that you do to help the victim.

T F 10. First aid is the temporary care that you give untilprofessional help arrives.

Complete requirements 1, 2, 3 and 4 if you have not done so

already - (Page 195)

Lesson OneTrue-False Questions MWS 1, Pg. 199



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Lesson Two



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Lesson Two ± ObjectivesChoking, Shock and Weather-

Related Ailments

1. Review Victim Assessment from lesson 1

2. Explain and Demonstrate how to treat for shock.

3. Explain and Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuverand abdominal thrusts.

4. Explain the treatment for hot- and cold-weather-

related injuries or ailments.



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RAP ABCH Review

1. Safety is the primary concern.

2. R = Responsiveness (Is the victim conscious?)

3. A = Activate EMS or 911

4. P = Position (no spinal injury, position accordingto injury)

5. A = Airway (is it blocked? Check head position)

DR Workbook MWS 3, Pg. 201



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RAP ABCH Review

6. B = Breathing (is the victim breathing? Check!)7. C = Circulation (Is there a pulse? Check!)

8. H = Hemorrhaging (Is the victim bleeding?)

9. Perform secondary survey. Examine the victim

for other injuries and wait for medical attention to

arrive.

DR Workbook MWS 3, Pg. 201



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Heimlich Maneuver

Used only when the victim is conscious and isunable to breath or cough.

Victim coughing, encourage to continue.

If the victim goes unconscious, use AbdominalThrusts



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Heimlich ManeuverDR Workbook Requirement 7a, Page 196

1. Stand behind victim.2. Wrap arms around victim·s waist and not

around the ribs.

3. Make a fist and place the thumb side ofyour fist just slightly above the navel.

4. Grab your fist with your other hand.



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Heimlich ManeuverDR Workbook Requirement 7a, Page 196

.P

ress into the victim·s stomach with fivequick upward thrusts. Each thrust shouldhave a pause in between.

6. After every five thrusts, recheck the

victim. Repeat until the object has beendislodged of until the victim losesconsciousness.

Time To Practice!



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Abdominal ThrustsDR Workbook Requirement 7b, Page 196

1. Place victim on his or her back.2. Straddle the victim by sitting on their

thighs.

3. Place the heel of one hand just slightlyabove their navel. Your fingers should beangled slightly upward, pointed towardthe victim·s head.



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4. Grasp your hand by placing your otherhand on top and lacing your fingers intothe first hand.

5. Press inward and upward with five quickthrusts. Each thrust should have a pausein between.



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6. After every five thrusts, recheck thevictim. Repeat until the object has beendislodged or until you are relieved byanother person or an EMT.

7. Perform finger sweep after each set offive thrusts.

Time To Practice!



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Preserve

Body HeatHead andShoulders

Eight toTwelve Left

SmallWater

FluidsConsciousBurned

Page 202



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Preserve body heat by placing ablanket or cover over the victim.Provide insulation, or move the

victim, if possible, to a warmerenvironment.

Shock - TreatmentDR Workbook, Question 5a, Page 195

& Question 11, Page 201



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Shock - Treatment



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First Question: Is shock the result of an allergic

reaction?

If the shock is the result of an allergic

reaction, then follow victim's instructionsfor treating allergy and monitor the"ABCH·s" until medical attention arrives.

Shock Shock -- TreatmentTreatment

Allergic Reaction

DR Workbook, Requirement 5b, Page 196



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S

pinal injury ² do not move the victim. If result of a head injury or if victim has difficulty

breathing, elevate head and shoulders by placing apillow or blanket under head.

If the victim is unconscious or vomiting, then turnthe victim on their left side so the stomach is on theleft side of the body.

DR Workbook, Requirement 5b, Page 196



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If no, elevate legs eight to twelve inches off theground.

If less then two hours from medical care, then donot give fluids (except to those who are consciousand are severely burned).

If no, give small and periodic amounts of water(only if conscious).

Wait for medical attention to arrive.

DR Workbook, Question 5b, Page 196



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Weather Related EmergenciesWeather Related Emergencies

Weather related emergencies include:

Hyperthermia: Heat related, body unable to cool itself

Heat Exhaustion: Skin cold & clammy, person alert

Heatstroke: Skin hot, altered state of awareness

Hypothermia: Cold related, body unable to warm itself

Frostbite: Freezing of the extremities (fingers & toes)

Frostnip: First stage of freezing outer layers of skin



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Move person into a cool place; removeany excess clothing; cool victim with

either water, fanning, or cool packsunder the armpits or groin; wait formedical attention, in the case of

heatstroke.

Treatment for Hyperthermia


Question 13. Pg. 201 ³The body is unable to itself.´

List below on page 196, Requirement 6a.

COOL



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Treatment for Hypothermia

³The core body temperature drops below

degrees.´Ninety-five

DR Workbook Question 14, pg. 201



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Treatment for Hypothermia

Move the victim out of the cold; handlethe victim carefully; replace wet clotheswith dry clothes.

You may need to be forceful verbally toget the individual to comply;

Insulate from the cold with layeredclothing and/or an insulated sleeping bag.

DR Workbook Question 6b, Pg. 196



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Lesson 2 Review Questions

T F 15. Hyperthermia occurs when the body loses the ability to

cool itself and overheats.

T F 16. When you have frostbite, rub the hands together slowly

to warm them up.

T F 17. Hypothermia occurs when the body loses its ability to

keep itself warm.

T F 18. Shock may occur with any injury, illness, or trauma.

True-False Questions MWS 3, Pg. 201



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Lesson 2 Review Questions

T F 19. Itching eyes is a sign of hypothermia.

T F 20. Clammy skin is a sign of heat exhaustion.

21. Describe the treatment needed for the following scenario:

You have come to an accident scene, and the victim is

sitting on the curb. He of she seems a little upset, is

shivering, and there is some discoloration of the skin. How

do you treat this person?

Check ´RAP ABCHµ. Cover with blanket. Ask if it is anallergic reaction. Seek medical attention.

True-False Questions MWS 3, Pg. 201



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Lesson Three



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Lesson Three ± Objectives

1. Explain and demonstrate first aid for a cut.

2. Explain how to treat a blister.

3. Explain and demonstrate first aid for a puncture

wound.

4. Explain and demonstrate first aid for arterial

bleeding of an arm or leg.

5. Explain and demonstrate how to stop bleeding.



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Remove the object or clothing that is

causing the blister. Wash with warm water and soap.

Use a sterile needle to pop the blister

at its base and drain. Place a donut-shaped piece of mole

foam around it to keep it from

further irritation.

Blister TreatmentDR Workbook, Requirement 8b, page 196



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Blister TreatmentDR Workbook, Page 203 ³Bleeding and Wounds´

1. Treating a Blistera. Remove footwear then

b. The best place to pop the blister isc. tear off the roof of the blister.

d. The best way to prevent blisters is to wear

fitted footwear.

wash the blister with warmwater and soap.

at the base.Do not

properly



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Larger wounds - never remove barriers(may cause wound to bleed again).

Wash gently with outward strokes to movedirt and bacteria away from wound.

Use a stream of water to flush it out. Drycarefully, apply antibacterial ointment (forsmall wounds) and sterile bandage.

Puncture Wound TreatmentDr Workbook, Requirement 8c, page 197



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Puncture Wound TreatmentDR Workbook, Page 203 Question 2

2. Treating punctures:

a. If the object has already been removed, treat thewound based on the type of that has

occurred.

b. The object acts as a and should not be

c. The most important thing is to keep the object

from

bleeding

plugremoved.

moving.



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Wash hands with soap and water.

Apply direct pressure to the cut untilit stops bleeding.

Gently wash with soap and water andrinse it for a few minutes.

Pat dry and add a bandage withsmall dab of ointment on it.

Minor Cut TreatmentDR Workbook, Requirement 8a, page 196



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Check RAP ABCH first.

Try to stop the bleeding using directpressure.

If the bleeding stops, treat for shock.

If not, then: Elevate that part of thebody above the victim's heart andcontinue with direct pressure.

Arterial BleedingDR Workbook Requirement 8d, page 197



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Arterial Bleeding

If the bleeding stops, treat for shock.If not, then: Locate a pressure pointand continue to apply direct pressure.

The pressure points are located in theupper arm and where the leg joins thehip.

DR Workbook Requirement 8d, page 197



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Arterial Bleeding

If the bleeding stops, treat forshock. If not, then: Seek immediatemedical assistance.

Never use a tourniquet. This is nolonger a recommended treatment.

DR Workbook Requirement 8d, page 197



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Preventing InfectionDR Workbook, Page 203 Question 3

3. How to prevent infection and treat bleeding.

a. The best way to prevent infection is to

the wound.

b. Fill out the flow chart (next slide).

c. use a tourniquet.

wash

Never



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Direct Pressure

Clean

Do Not

Victim·s Heart

Pressure Point

Shock

Danger

Page 204



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Lesson 3 Review QuestionsTrue or False, MWS 5, Page 203

T F 4. A foot blister occurs because of the constant rubbingof clothing of equipment against the skin.

T F 5. Most wounds can be card for by applying direct

pressure, cleaning, applying medicine, and applying a

bandage.

T F 6. A tourniquet is a good and safe way to control

bleeding at a camp-out.

T F 7. Arterial bleeding is considered a simple wound.



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T F 8. A deep puncture wound is not serious and does notneed to be treated by a doctor.

T F 9. Applying ointment is not a method to control bleeding

from a large wound.

Let¶s Practice

S



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Lesson Four

Fi t Aid Skill



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Lesson Four ± Objectives

1. Explain and demonstrate how to respond to

poisonings.

2. Explain and demonstrate first aid for insect bites.

3. Explain how to remove a splinter from a finger.4. Explain how to treat poisonings.

Fi t Aid Skill



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Poisons

Poisons can enter the body one of four ways:

1. Inhalation

2. Ingestion

3. Injection

4. Absorption

Use MWS 8: ³Poisons and Bites Flowchart´, Pg. 206

Fi t Aid Skill



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Page 195

Fi t Aid Skill



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Absorbed, like Poison ivy,

Immediately wash the area with soapand water.

Then take a cool bath and applycalamine lotion.

If it spreads and painful, then seekmedical attention.

Poisoning TreatmentDR Workbook Question 9c, Page 197

Fi t Aid Skill



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Poisonous injections: i.e. Snakebites, Identify the snake, if possible.

Then clean the bite with soap and

water and keep bite below heartlevel.

Seek medical attention.

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If the poison is inhaled or swallowed; Check "ABCH" and treat for shock.

S

eek medical attention and call thePoison Control Center

1-800-222-1222

Fi t Aid Skill



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If possible, try to catch the spider orinsect without risk to you.

Check to see if the stinger is in the skin.

If not, Clean the area, apply ice to reduceswelling.

Insect Bite or Sting TreatmentDR Workbook Question 9a, Pg. 197

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If stinger is found, gently scrape thestinger out of the wound using a plastic cardor fingernail, pulling away from the woundto minimize amount of toxin released into

the body. Do not squeeze stinger. Treat wound as a

minor cut.

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Next, check to see if the victim is allergicto the bite.

Look for signs of shock and swelling.

If no, then seek medical attention or an

adult for assistance. If yes, check ´ABCH,µ treat for shock, and

immediately seek medical attention.

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Use tweezers to carefully remove. If splinter breaks, use sterilized

tweezers.

Remove remainder of splinter, andtreat wound as a minor cut.

Splinters and Ticks - TreatmentDR Workbook Question 9b, Pg. 197

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1. Treating a splinter.

a. Remove as much of the splinter as

b. If the splinter breaks off, sterilize the

c. cut into the skin.

Splinters and Ticks - TreatmentDR Workbook MWS 7, Question 1, Pg. 205

possible.

tweezers.Do not

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2. Treating a tick.a. Do not yank the tick out, but pull it

out.

b. After removing the tick, the area and

watch for

c. Contact medical attention if swelling,

or persists.

Splinters and Ticks - TreatmentDR Workbook MWS 7, Question 2, Pg. 205

slowly

clean

infection.redness,

itching

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Page 195Wash

Calamine

Identify

ABCH

Clean

Remove

Shock

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T F 3. To remove a tick, just yank it off of your body.

T F 4. Call the Poison Control Center if poison is swallowed

or inhaled.

T F 5. For a snakebite, slice the wound, suck out the venom,

and spit it out.

T F 6. To remove the oils that rub onto the body from poison

ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac, you should change

your clothes and wash thoroughly.

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T F 7. Tweezers are needed to remove a splinter.

T F 8. A plastic card could be used to remove a stinger from

an insect bite.

Let¶s Play the

Progressive Skills

Game

First Aid Skills



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Lesson Five

First Aid Skills



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Lesson Five ± Objectives

1. Demonstrate and explain first aid forsimple burns.

2. Assemble a personal first aid kit.

3. Learn where a first aid kit should be stored.

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Degree of Burn

First

Degree

Burn

Second

Degree

Burn

Third

Degree

Burn

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

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Burns ± Degrees of BurnsDR Workbook MWS 9: Question 1, Pg. 207

1. First-degree burn

a. Only the top layer of skin is

b. The skin is only mildly

c. There is only a little

d. These burns usually within a week.

burned.

discolored.

swelling.

heal

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First-Degree Burn

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

First Degree Burn

Damage to the outer

layer of skin

(epidermis), causing

pain, redness, andswelling.

Redness (Erythema)

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1. Second-degree burn

a. layers of skin are burned.

b. The skin has a appearance.

c. There is greater swelling, and there are

d. These burns take up to three weeks to heal and

should be attended by a

Several

spotty or blotchy

blisters.

physician.

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Second-Degree Burn

Second Degree BurnDamage to both outer skin

and underlying tissue

layers (epidermis and

dermis), causing pain,

redness, swelling, and

blistering.

Blisters (Bulla)

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1. Third-degree burn

a. layers of skin are burned.

b. There is discoloration.

c. Some skin may be

d. These burns can be

Many

severe

charred.

life threatening.

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Third-Degree Burn

Third Degree Burn

Damage extends deeper

into tissues (epidermis,

dermis, and hypodermis)causing extensive tissue

destruction. The skin may

feel numb.

Full thickness burn

with tissue damage

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Heat Burn TreatmentDR Workbook Question 10a, Pg. 197

Go through ´RAP ABCHµ first, then ask if burn

was caused by heat.

Determine degree and amount of burn.

If it is a third-degree burn or large second-

degree burn, use the ´ABCHµ, then treat forshock.

Do not attempt to pull off the clothing becauseskin may come with it.

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Heat Burn TreatmentDR Workbook Question 10a, Pg. 197

Cut it off if attached to the skin.

Apply a sterile dressing and elevate.

Seek immediate medical attention.

Burn is first-degree or small second-degree,

apply cold water/compress until pain stops. If you must use ice, provide a barrier.

Do not apply an ointment.

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Chemical Burn TreatmentDR Workbook Question 10b, Pg. 198

Determine if burn was caused by a dry chemical. If so, brush it off, remove clothing, wash area

fifteen to twenty minutes.

If not caused by dry chemical, remove clothing

and jewelry, wash area for fifteen to twentyminutes.

Seek medical attention in both cases.

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Electrical Burn TreatmentDR Workbook Question 10c, Pg. 198

If burn is not chemical, then it·s an electrical

burn.

Is victim in contact with electrical source, areyou at risk.

If yes, ask adult to turn off power. May entail calling 911 to have then call

appropriate person.

Treatment same as heat burn.

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Electrical Burn TreatmentDR Workbook Question 10c, Pg. 198

In all cases, monitor wound for signs of infection. Large wounds ² seek medical attention to reduce

risk of infection.

Serious burn, monitor for signs of shock.

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Safety Shock

ColdWash

Before

WashPower

Pg. 209

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Container ² To keep all first aid items inone common container.

Gauze Pads -To cover wounds and preventinfection.

Roll Bandage -To stabilize strains andsprains and cover wounds.

Triangular Bandage -To cover wounds andprevent infection .

First Aid KitDR Workbook MWS 9, Pg. 207

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Bandages -To stop minor bleeding andprevent infection.

Adhesive Tape -To secure bandages

to wounds. Antibacterial Ointment -To prevent

infection on small cuts.


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Calamine Lotion -To prevent itching. Soap -To clean minor wounds and cuts

and to prevent infection.

Latex Gloves -To protect the rescuerfrom infection and blood pathogens.


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Bandage Scissors -To cut gauze andbandages.

Tweezers -To pull splinters.

Moleskin -To protect blisters andprevent infection.


Now transfer to page 198, Question 11a

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It should be placed in a visiblelocation near the center of theactivities. Everyone should be awareof its location.

First Aid KitDR Workbook Question 11b, Pg. 198

Where should a first aid kit be placed?

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T F 17. A first-degree burn should be cooled using ice, not

water.

T F 18. When helping a victim with a chemical burn, quickly

rinse the burn for a few seconds.

T F 19. You should remove clothing from a burn, even if it issticking, so you can treat it more effectively.

T F 20. When approaching a victim or electrical burns, you

should make sure the power is off.

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T F 21. Duck tape is an important item in a first aid kit.

T F 22. Large second-degree burns are just as dangerous as

third-degree burns.

Let¶s Play Scenarios

First Aid Skills



Summary

Make sure all work is completed in yourWorkbook.

Have your commander sign off on each

completed advancement.

God Bless You and let¶s pray!

first aid skills revised jun06

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