1.1 hardware and software.pptx

8/17/2019 1.1 Hardware and Software.pptx

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ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation

1.1 Hardware and Software

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• Define hardware as consisting of physical components of a computer system

• Identify internal hardware devices (e.g. processor, motherboards, random accessmemory (RAM, read!only memory (R"M, video cards, sound cards and internalhard dis# drives.

• Identify e$ternal hardware devices and peripherals (such as monitors, #eyboards,mice, #eyboards, printers as input and output devices and e$ternal storage devices ingeneral

• Define software as programs for controlling the operation of a computer or processingof electronic data

• Identify the two types of software % applications software and system software

• Define applications software (e.g. word processing, spreadsheet, databasemanagement systems, control software, measuring software, applets and apps,photo!editing software, video!editing software, graphics manipulation software

• Define system software (e.g. compilers, lin#ers, device drivers, operating systems andutilities


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Define hardware as consisting of physical components of a computer system

!hat is Hardware"

• Hardware are the physica# components which make up thecomputer system.

• Each item of hardware have their specic ro!es i" a computersystem.

• Hardware compo"e"ts ca" either #e i"ter"a! or e$ter"a!.


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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

%he CP$ is the rai"& of the computer. 't is the devicethat carries out ca!cu!atio"s to comp!ete softwarei"structio"s.

Motherboard

%he mother%oard is circuit #oard which is co""ects tomai" compo"e"ts of the computer system.

Memory

A"y data or i"structio"s that are to #e processed #ythe C(U must #e p!aced i"to mai" memory.

Interna# hardware devices


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Graphic &ideo Cards

A 'raphics card is a device that attaches to themother#oard to e"a#!e the computer to process a"ddisp!ay )raphics.

Sond Card

A sond card is a device that attaches to themother#oard to e"a#!e the computer to i"put* process*a"d de!iver sou"d

Interna# Hard (is) A hard dis) drive is a hardware device that&s used tostore i"formatio" !ike software a"d !es. %he capacityof hard drive ra")es from +, to %era ,ytes.


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*etwor) Card

A networ) card provides the computer with a"etwork -i"ter"et co""ectio" either throu)h wire!esssi)"a!s or a physica! ca#!e co""ectio".

+ptica# (is) (rive

%he optica# dis) drive ,C(-(&(-#/Ray0 a!!ows foroptica! disks to ru" o" the computer. A!so some optica!disk drives are a#!e to write %rn2 data o"to discs.

Power Spp#y

%he power spp#y is co""ected to mai" powersources to )ive power to the computer system. %hepower supp!y co""ects to a!! the mai" compo"e"ts ofthe computer system i"c!udi") the mother#oard* harddrive* optica! drives etc.


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E3terna# hardware devices

Inpt Hardware (evices – Inpt data into a Compter

E3amp#es• Mouse• Key#oard• Micropho"e

+tpt Hardware (evices – +tpts data from a compter

E3amp#es• Mo"itor• /peakers• (ri"ters

E3terna# Stora'e (evices – Provides e3terna# stora'e or %ac)pso#tions

E3amp#es• E$ter"a!

Hard drive


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Compter Software

!hat is Software"

/oftware is a co##ection of instrctions that ca" #e 0ru"1 o" acomputer. %hese i"structio"s te!! the computer what to do.

/oftware is not a physica# thin' -#ut it ca" of course #e stored o" aphysica! medium such as a CD23OM* it is 4ust a #u"ch of codes.

5or a computer system to #e sef# it has to co"sist of %othhardware and software.


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4pp#ications Software and System Software

4pp#ication Software

E3amp#es• Word

(rocessor• /preadsheet• Data#ases

4pp#ication software are desi'ned toa##ow sers to comp#ete speci5c tas)s.This may %e to:• Write a !etter6(rese"t i"formatio"• ,rowse the i"ter"et• Ma"ipu!ate data i" a spreadsheet or

data#ase• Ma"ipu!ate )raphics* sou"d or video.

System Software

E3amp#es• Operati")

/ystems• Device

Drivers• Uti!ities

-a"tivirus

System software are norma##y invo#vedin the rnnin' of the compter:• Operati") systems to provide a user

i"terface• Device drivers which a!!ow hardware

compo"e"ts to work.• Uti!ity software which mai"tai" the

computer performa"ce.


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4pp#ication Software E3amp#es

!ord Processin' Spreadsheet (ata%ase

Used to preparereports* schoo! essaysetc.

Use to create to or)a"isea"d ma"ipu!ate "umericdata.

Data#ase is used toi"sert a"d or)a"isedata usi") e!ds a"drecords.

• Create 7ew or edite$isti") te$tdocume"ts.

• 5ormatti") too!s• Create fo"t sty!es• 'mporti")

ta#!es6ima)es• /pe!! Check• Copy6(aste• 5i"d63ep!ace• (a)e !ayout

• Use of various formu!asto carry out set tasks8

• /um* Ma$* Mi"*

Avera)e• Cou"t* Cou"tA• Cou"t'f 9 /um'5• :ookups• '5 a"d 7ested 'fs

• App!y variousformatti") to ce!!s6

• Create )raphs -,a6(iecharts

• Create a ta#!e sothat records ca" #ei"serted.

• 3u" ;ueries usi")search criteria to"d specic data.

• Create reportsi"c!udi") !a#e!s fromthe search criteria.


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Photo Editin' Graphics6anip#ation

&ideo Editin'

Used to edit di)ita!ima)es to either touchup or to app!y various

formatti") tech"i;ues.

Used to create a"d edit#itmap a"d vector)raphics.

Used to edit a"d formatvideo usi") various too!sa"d tech"i;ues.

• Co"trast6,ri)ht"ess• Use of !ayers

• 5i!ter too!s• :i)hti") e


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4pps ,Phone 4pp#ications0 6easrin' and Contro#Software

Apps are the software which ru"s o"mo#i!e pho"es. %hey usua!!y comewith the pho"e or ca" #e

dow"!oaded a"d updated.

Measuri") a"d co"tro! software whichare respo"si#!e for cha")i") physica!co"ditio"s i" a" e"viro"me"t.

• +ames -A")ry ,irds• =ideo6Music /treami") -You%u#e

• /ocia! Media -5ace#ook* %witter*'"sta)ram

• Commu"icatio" -Whats App*=i#er

• Camera -Editi") ima)es• +(/ -/ate!!ite "avi)atio"• Hea!th6 5it"ess

6easrin'• /e"sors take readi")s which are

processed #y the computer ormicroprocessor.

Contro# Software• ,y compari") se"sor readi")s to a

pre2set !eve! the co"tro! softwarewi!! decide o" a" output -5ore$amp!e to i"crease or decrease


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System Software E3amp#es

SystemSoftware

(evice (rivers

A!!ows hardwaredevices to ru" o" thecomputer i"c!udi")pri"ters* sou"d*)raphics a"d "etworkcards.

7in)ers

Com#i"es o#4ect !esproduced #y a comp!ier i"to aA si")!e pro)ram.

+peratin' Systems

Ma"a)es computersfu"ctio"s i"c!udi")hardware devices-i"put6output. A!soprovides users with a +U'i"terface

Compi#er

%ra"s!ates a pro)ram writte"'" a specic !a")ua)e whichCa" #e u"derstood #y thecomputer.

Utilities

&elp to manage and

maintain computer

resources and

performance by

running specific

tas#s.

1.1 hardware and software.pptx

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