1.1 What is science?Science is a system of knowledge and the

methods used to find that knowledge.Science and Technology are interdependent.Technology is the use of knowledge to solve

practical problems.

Branches of Science1. Physical Science: Physics

and Chemistry

2. Earth and Space Science: Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography, Astronomy

3. Life Science: Biology, Ecology, Zoology, Genetics

Big Ideas1. Space and Time

2. Matter and change-Matter has volume and mass

3. Forces and Motion

4. Energy-Kinetic and potential

1.2 Scientific Approach

Scientific Method: an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communication information

The goal is: to solve a problem or better understand

Scientific method can vary from case to case.

Steps1. Observations

Information obtained through senses

2. Hypothesis Proposed answer to a question

3. Test Factors that change called variables Manipulated: causes change in another (the one you

change) Responding: changes in response to the manipulated

Controlled: when one variable is changed at a time

Steps continued4. Conclusions

Based on data

5. Theory: Well tested explanation Scientific Law: a statement that summarizes a

pattern found in nature Ex. Law of Gravity

Physical Science MethodsMeasuring

Use measurements bases on the International System of units of the SI system

Each type of measurement has a standard to compare to

Measurement Descriptions and Instruments 1. Length

Use a ruler, the cm side SI = meter

2. Mass Measure of the amount of matter in an object Use a balance, which measures in grams SI = kilograms (kg)

3. Time Interval between 2 occurrences Use a stopwatch SI = seconds

4. Temperature Use a thermometer (0C) SI = Kelvin This scale is based on absolute zero, which is the

lowest possible temperature

5. VolumeLiquid Use a graduated cylinder, measures in mL SI = L

Regular Solids Use a ruler, then do LxWxH, unit is then cm3

SI = cm3

Irregular Solids

Use a graduated cylinder, measures in mL Place water in cylinder, read amount, drop object

in, read amount, subtract the two numbers SI = L

Graphs Tools that make it easier to spot patterns or

trendsThe data can support or reject a hypothesisTypes1. Line graph:

Used to show trends of how the data changed over time

2. Bar Graph Compares info

collected by counting

3. Circle Graph How some fixed

quantity is broken down into parts

Pie is total, slices represent the parts

X-axis: runs horizontal Manipulated variable

Y-axis: runs vertical Responding variable

Practice Reading GraphsFig 21. Pg. 23

1. What is the mass at 5cm3?2. What is on the x-axis?3. What is on the y-axis?

Fig. 22 pg. 231. What is the flow rate at 2.0 mins?2. What type of proportion is shown?

Fig. 23 pg. 241. What is the city with the most annual precipitation?

Fig. 24 pg. 241. What element is in the least percentage?2. What element is in the most?