Introduction of RFID

Applications Survey Results

Future development

and opportunities

Conclusion

RFID = Radio Frequency Identification

Electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency

Tag carries with its information› a serial number

› Model number

› Color or any other imaginable data

When these tags pass through a field generated by a compatible reader, they transmit this information back to the reader, thereby identifying the object

A basic RFID system consists of these components:› A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item

data; consisting of

an RFID chip for data storage

an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip

› A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay

› Application software and a host computer system

The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit

(IC) embedded in a thin film medium.

Information stored in the memory of the

RFID chip is transmitted by the antenna

circuit embedded in the RFID inlay via radio

frequencies, to an RFID reader

3 types

› Passive

› Semi-passive

› Active

Active Tags

• Use a battery

• communicate over distances of several meters

Semi-passive Tags

• Contain built-in batteries to power the chip’s circuitry, resist interference and circumvent a lack of power from the reader signal due to long distance.

• They are different from active tags in that they only transmit data at the time a response is received

Passive Tags

• Derive their power from the field generated by the reader

• without having an active transmitter to transfer the information stored

Frequency Appx. Read

Range

Data Speed Cost of Tags Application

Low Frequency (125kHz) <5cm

(passive)

Low High • Animal Identification

• Access Control

High Frequency (13.56 Mhz) 10 cm – 1m

(passive)

Low to Moderate Medium to

Low

• Smart Cards

• Payment (paywave)

Ultra High Frequency (433, 868-928

Mhz)

3m -7m

(passive)

Moderate to High Low • Logistics and Supply Chain

• Baggage Tracking

Microwave (2.45 & 5.8 Ghz) 10m -15m

(passive)

20m – 40m

(active)

High High • Electronic toll collection

(Autotoll)

• Container Tracking

Application Segment Representative Applications Competitive Technologies Current

Penetration

Typical Tag

Type

Access Control Doorway entry Other keyless entry

technologies

High Passive

Asset Tracking Locating tractors within a freight yard None Low Active

Asset Tagging Tracking corporate computing systems Bar Code Low Passive

Authentication Luxury goods counterfeit prevention Holograms Low Passive

Baggage Tracking Positive bag matching Bar Code, Optical Character

Recognition

Low Passive

POS Applications SpeedPass Credit Cards, Smart Cards,

Wireless Phones

Medium Passive

SCM (Container Level) Tracking containers in shipping

terminals

GPS-based Systems Low Active

SCM (Pallet Level) Tracking palletized shipments Bar Code Minimal Active, Passive

SCM (Item Level) Identifying individual items Bar Code Minimal Passive

Vehicle Identification Electronic toll collection Bar Code, License plate, reader

systems

Medium Active, Passive

Vehicle Immobilizers Automotive ignition systems Other theft prevention

technologies

High Passive

Credit Cards with RFID

(Paywave function) Octopus (Smart Card)

Autotoll (Electronic toll collection)

Access Control

Target: SME

Information: Opinion on RFID and its

applications

Site:

› http://qtrial.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_9N5UP

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Logistics and Supply Chain

Management20%

Pharmaceutic

manufacturing industries15%

Library Management21%

Inventory Control

10%

Document Management8%

Security8%

Customer Services5%

Hotel Management

5%

Banking and Finance5%

Social Services

3%

Other

18%

Types of industries that respondents think it is possible to apply RFID technology

In medical uses and library management

Positive› RFID is a contactless reading technology and

can read through other materials

› Hold more data than barcode does

› RFID tags data can be changed or added

› More effective, bring lots of convenience to us

Negative› Cost is relatively remain high (compare to

barcode)

› RFID signals may have problems with some materials

› RFID standards are still being developed