12.3 DNA, RNA and PROTEIN

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN-3 types of RNA-transcription/translation-role of RNA polymerase in making mRNA

MAIN IDEA

DNA codes for RNA which guides protein synthesis.

READING Q’s

1-DESCRIBE the CENTRAL DOGMA of BIOLOGY

-established belief of living things -transcription – translation – MAKING proteins

READING Q’s

2-LIST the 3 types of RNA

-mRNA = messenger RNA-rRNA = ribosomal RNA-tRNA = transfer RNA

READING Q’s

3-LOCATE where in the cell proteins are made

-ribosomes/cytoplasm

READING Q’s

4-IDENTIFY how many amino acids used to make proteins

-20 different amino acids

READING Q’s

5-IDENTIFY the 2 main steps in making proteins

1-transcription2-translation

READING Q’s

6-COMPLETE where each process occurs

-TRANSCRIPTION takes place in NUCLEUS -TRANSLATION takes place in RIBOSOMES/cytoplasm

READING Q’s

7-APPLY: amino acid chain: AUG-CCC-GGA-UUA-UAG-AUG methionine-START-CCC proline-GGA glycerine-UUA leucine-UAG STOP

GROUP WORK: CORNELL NOTES

-As a cooperative group:-complete the cornell notes-using your knowledge from the reading

2007-2008

12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESISCornell notes

TERMS TO REVIEWprotein-building blocks for all living things

amino acids-building blocks of proteins

ribosome-organelle manufactures protein

MAIN IDEACENTRAL DOGMA—established BELIEF of living things

-TRANSCRIPTION-DNA codes for RNA-TRANSLATION--RNA guides protein synthesis

MAIN IDEATRANSCRIPTION

TRANSLATION

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAo

RNARNA-NUCLEIC ACID similar to DNA

-ribonucleic acid -sugar--RIBOSE

-guides protein synthesis -found in nucleus & cytoplasm -single stranded/different shapes -URACIL replaces thymine

A=U / C=G

RNA-RNA, like DNA is made of small units

called…

Made up of: -sugar (ribose) -phosphate group -N-bases

cytosine=guanine / adenine=uracil

NUCLEOTIDES

RNA

RNA3 MAIN types of RNA

mRNA -messenger RNArRNA-ribosomal RNA tRNA-transfer RNA

mRNAmRNA—messenger RNA -nucleus cytoplasm -copies DNA code -single strand

rRNArRNA—ribosomal RNA -cytoplasm -forms ribosomes -ribbon shaped

tRNAtRNA—transfer RNA-ribosomes / cytoplasm-determines amino acids by

anticodon/codon-cloverleaf shape

TRANSCRIPTION1-RNA polymerase “unzips” DNA2- 3’5’ DNA strand acts as template

TRANSCRIPTION3-mRNA made using DNA template strand by RNA polymerase

4-mRNA copying stops when reaches TERMINATION

5-mRNA leaves nucleus moves into cytoplasm

6-mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

TRANSCRIPTIONTEMPLATE vs NON-TEMPLATEONLY 3’-5’ strand serves as template

TRANSCRIPTIONTranscribe this DNA to mRNA

3’ GTACTACATGCTATGCAT 5’5’ CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA 3’

TranscribemRNA

THE CODEINSTRUCTIONS on mRNA for PROTEIN synthesis20 different amino acids make proteins -each 3 base code - specific for 1 amino acidCODON—3 base code on mRNA

*START codon—AUG-methionine*STOP codons—UAA, UAG, UGA

THE CODE

TRANSLATIONCODE is read -- TRANSLATED to make

a PROTEIN

TRANSLATIONtRNA:1-folds into cloverleaf shape

-middle of tRNA has 3 base coding sequence—

ANTICODON

*each ANTICODON is complementary to CODON on mRNA

TRANSLATIONtRNA:2-READING starts at AUG

TRANSLATIONtRNA:3-ANTICODON reads mRNA CODON4-adds amino acids as move through

ribosome *3 base code –CODON– determines which AMINO ACID is added to protein chain

TRANSLATION5-terminates when reach a STOP codon

UAA UAG UGA

PROTEINProteins are polymers made of amino

acids20 different amino acids--hundreds of thousands of different

proteins

PROTEIN

PROTEIN STRUCTURE

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION

FLOW CART: transcription / translation

DNA

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION

-------------

NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM

mRNAPROTEIN

copier

blueprints

2007-2008

FLOW CHART

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAoFrom RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube

NUCLEUSCYTOPLASMRIBOSOMEDNAmRNArRNAtRNARNA polymeraseAmino AcidPolypeptide chain [PROTEIN]TRANSLATIONTRANSCRIPTION

FLOW CARTTRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION

-----------------------------

NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM

RNA

polymerase

mRNA [code]

tRNA [interpret]

polypeptide chain / PROTEIN

rRNA

a.a

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION

TRANSCRIPTIONPRACTICE TRANSCRIPTION:-Write complementary N-bases for mRNA using DNA strand below—REMEMBER—use U now instead of T

parental 3’-5’DNA strand

mRNA

RNA polymerase

G

G

GG

GTA

T

TT

A

A

A

C

C

C

C

AC

CUGAA

REVIEW1-Where in the cell does transcription occur?-nucleus cytoplasm2-What nucleic acids are involved in the

process of transcription?-DNA & RNA3-What is the importance of transcription?-copies code from DNA-takes to

cytoplasm4-In transcription, why is the entire DNA

molecule not copied into mRNA?-only small segments used to make a

protein

TRANSLATIONPRACTICE TRANSLATION:-Use mRNA **CODON sequence to determine tRNA *ANTICODON sequence -Place comp N-bases on each of the 3 marks pointed at the CODONS of mRNA-Use the CODE WHEEL to identify amino acids attached to the tRNA(REMEMBER—this is RNA - use U instead of T when matching up with A)

mRNA AUG CCC AAC CGC UUA UCA GGU AUA UAG CODONS

tRNA UAC GGG ANTICODONS

amino acids: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____  polypeptide:beginning of protein aa = amino acids

-METH -PROL -ASP -ARG -LEU -SER -GLY -ISO -STOP

UUG GCG AAU AGU CCA UAU AUC

DNA vs RNA

DNA-deoxyribose-stores genetic information-double stranded-long -in nucleus only-double helix shape-T: thymine

RNA-ribose

-guides protein synthesis

-single stranded-short

-nucleus/cytoplasm-different shapes

-U: uracil

-nucleic acids

-contain genetic info-nucleotides

-sugar/phosph

backbones-H bonds

-templates-N-bases

C/G/A

COOKIE ANALAGYMAKING PROTEIN BAKING COOKIES

NUCLEUS LIBRARY w/ COOKBOOKS

COOKIE RECIPE

mRNA TRANSCRIPTION

COPIED RECIPE

RIBOSOMES in cytoplasm

THE CHEF—reads recipe/mixes

ingredients

INGREDIENTS:flour, sugar, butter, choc

chips,…

PROTEINS

DNA

copying recipe

KITCHEN-oven

tRNA(codons-anticodons) AMINO ACIDS COOKIES

mRNA

DO NOW

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION

mRNA

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

PROTEINS

AMINO ACIDS

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• Pg. 339

Do Now