124 ss rps case neg 1.0

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RPS NegDDI Serrano/Strange 08R. Choy

CPsStates 1NC................... ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ............... . 2

States Renewables............................ ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. .......... 3

States Renewables............................ ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. .......... 4States RECs.................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ....... ...... 5

States Flexibility + RECs................... .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ...... 6

States Flexibility.......................... ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................ ...... ..... .... 7

States Flexibility.......................... ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................ ...... ..... .... 8

States !" N#t !$a%able....................... ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ............. ...... . &

States !" C#''e$(e Cla)se * R#ll a(,.................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ....... ..... 1-

States !" Ra(e t# te #tt#'......................................................................................................................................................11

/#0e S#len(y....................... ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................ ..... . 12

#l)nta$y !ax C$e%its...................... .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ............... ...... ... 13

#l)nta$y an%at#$y Flexibility......................... ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ....... ..... ...... 14

N#nRenewable RPS ene$i(....................... ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ............. 15

N#nRenewable RPS Flexibility.......................... ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ............ ..... ..... 16

Ca0an%!$a%e CP.................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ..... . 17

CaseS0e(ii( 9:sN),e !$a%e ; 9................ ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ... 18

E(#n#'y 9................ ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ........ ..... .... 1&

CaseC#'0etitieness

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S#len(y =nee(tie............................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ......... ...... .... 3-

S#len(y Ene$?y P$i(es !)$n................... ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ..... ...... ..... 31

S#len(y Ene$?y P$i(es /in,................... .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ............ .... 32

S#len(y #bs !)$n.................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ........... ..... 33S#len(y Re?i#nal 9ie$en(e........................... ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ..... . 34

S#len(y Ca0a(ity a(,)0 !)$n................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ....... ...... 35

S#len(y Ca0a(ity a(,)0 Extensi#n............................................................................................................................................36

S#len(y NE #%el Flawe%................... .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ............... ...... ...... ..... 37

S#len(y Stat)s D)# P#li(y S#les...............................................................................................................................................38

S#len(y >in% Fails................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ........... ...... ..... ...... ... 3&

S#len(y Nee% ;te$ Renewables............................ ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ........... ... 4-

S#len(y !" RECs.................... ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ........... ...... ..... ...... .... 41

S#len(y !" @ by 2-2-............... .................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................. .......... ...... ...... . 42

9 /in,sRenewable 9s >in% /in,..................... ................. ................. ................. .................. ................. ................. ................. ............... ... 43

S0en%in? 9

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States 1NC

Text:

The fifty states should establish a gradual national Renewable Portfolio Standard requiring that by 2020 regulated electricutilities in the United States meet a baseline of twenty percent of their demand through qualifying alternatie energy sources!

including solar! wind! biomass! and geothermal" The #ederal $nergy Regulatory %ommission should administer tradable

renewable energy credits to facilitate this goal"

State RPS soles transition to renewables

S$%& '(! State %nergy Conservat&on '((&)e

*+,eas Renewale Port(ol&o Standard! htt1//www.se)o.)a.state.t."s/re2rs-ort(ol&o.ht34

,eas &s the nat&on5s leader &n w&nd energy than6s to o"r long-ter3 )o33&t3ent to olster&ng renewale energy so"r)es andd&vers&(y&ng the state5s energy ort(ol&o. R&)6 Perry! ,eas 7overnor Renewale Port(ol&o Standard 9RPS: ens"res that the

"l&) ene(&ts o( renewale energy! s")h as w&nd and solar! )ont&n"e to e re)ogn&;ed as ele)tr&)&ty 3ar6ets e)o3e 3ore)o3et&t&ve. It re

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States Renewables

State RPS promote renewables effectiely

>arry 7. Rabe '(! An&vers&ty o( &)h&gan

*+Ra)e to the ,o1 ,he %and&ng Role o( A.S. State Renewale Port(ol&o Standards! "ne!1www.ewtr"sts.org/"loadedF&les/wwwewtr"stsorg/Reorts/7loal2war3&ng/PC7CC2renewale20J0$K0J.d(4

,he role o( 3er&)an state govern3ents &n develo&ng ol&)&es to red")e greenho"se gases )ont&n"es to eand at a steady )l&!3eas"red oth &n the sheer n"3er o( ol&)&es and the&r otent&al &3a)t on e3&ss&ons. 'ne o( the 3ost w&dely-"sed ol&)y tools&nvolves )reat&on o( a renewale ort(ol&o standard 9RPS:. S")h ol&)&es 3andate that "t&l&t&es oerat&ng w&th&n a state 3"strov&de a des&gnated a3o"nt or er)entage o( ower (ro3 renewale so"r)es as a ort&on o( the&r overall rov&s&on o( ele)tr&)&ty.,h&s ol&)y &s not "n&

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States Renewables

State RPS incentii,es renewables



Se)ond! state RPS rogra3s are &n)reas&ngly )o3le3ented y other state-la"n)hed &n&t&at&ves to ro3ote renewale energy aswell as energy e((&)&en)y. L&rt"ally every state has 3ade so3e )o33&t3ent to (oster&ng renewale energy and! &n so3e&nstan)es! these rogra3s 3ay )reate &n)ent&ves (or otent&al generators that w&ll ease )o3l&an)e w&th RPS standards. Newersey! (or ea3le! has an RPS that rea)hes J. er)ent renewale generat&on y B008! and B0 er)ent y B0B0. ,he states"le3ents &ts RPS w&th a +renewale energy ("nd that &s des&gned to en)o"rage &nvest3ent &n renewales and &s ("rthers"orted y other &n)ent&ve and reg"latory rogra3s that 3andate eanded "se o( renewales &n govern3ent "&ld&ngs 9RaeB00K:. owever! so3e states! s")h as Conne)t&)"t! have reallo)ated these ("nds away (ro3 the&r &ntended "roses toward otherstate ol&)y goals a3&d state (&s)al ress"res. S")h reallo)at&ons leave so3e

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States Flexibility + RECs

State RPS are speciali,ed according to the state;s needs and capacity using R$%;s



Ind&v&d"al state RPSs d&((er (ro3 one another &n deta&l "t have 3any s&3&lar des&gn (eat"res. ll RPSs ena)ted to date estal&shso3e se)&(&)at&on o( a er)entage or asol"te a3o"nt o( ele)tr&)&ty generat&on or )aa)&ty that des&gnated s"l&ers &n a state arere

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States Flexibility

#ederal RPS ignores states; resources < that causes a spi+e in energy prices and economic disparities in different regions

Chr&s /omac+ '(! %e)"t&ve v&)e res&dent o( 7eorg&a Power Co.

* +lternat&ve energy r"le wo"ld e )ostly! tlanta o"rnal-Const&t"t&on! $B/B$/0?! l/n4

In a De). $8 o&n&on )ol"3n! the So"thern ll&an)e (or Clean %nergy )r&t&)&;ed So"thern Co3any (or oos&ng a one-s&;e-(&ts-all (ederal renewale ort(ol&o standard that wo"ld 3andate ower )o3an&es to rod")e a er)entage o( the&r ele)tr&)&ty (ro3alternat&ve so"r)es s")h as w&nd! solar and &o3ass 9QF"t"re 5(a&led y one vote!5 Q &ss"e:. Renewale energy and e((&)&en)yrogra3s w&ll lay a role &n 3eet&ng )"rrent and ("t"re energy needs! and So"thern Co3any w&ll )ont&n"e to &nvest &n resear)has well as rogra3s (or )"sto3ers and the env&ron3ent. owever! e)a"se there are d&((eren)es (ro3 state to state &n theava&la&l&ty o( renewale reso"r)es l&6e w&nd and solar! there are s&gn&(&)ant d&((eren)es &n what these te)hnolog&es w&ll )ost &nd&((erent reg&ons o( the )o"ntry. = federal mandate ignores this critical fact. W&nd energy! (or ea3le! &s one o( the 3oste)ono3&)al renewale so"r)es &n states where there &s a lot o( w&nd. Wh&le solar &s eens&ve wherever &t &s "sed! there5s s&3ly alot 3ore solar )aa)&ty &n states w&th ar&d )l&3ates. s a res"lt! a one-s&;e-(&ts-all aroa)h enal&;es )erta&n reg&ons e)a"se &tdoesn5t )ons&der the &3a)ts on )ons"3ers and e)ono3&es &n states where these reso"r)es are not as e)ono3&). In real&ty! a(ederal 3andate )o"ld drast&)ally ra&se ele)tr&)&ty r&)es (or )ons"3ers &n states s")h as 7eorg&a! and res"lt &n a s&gn&(&)ant

trans(er o( wealth (ro3 )ons"3ers &n renewale energy-oor reg&ons to d&stant s"l&ers and the (ederal govern3ent. So"thernCo3any &s not alone &n &ts oos&t&on to th&s (ederal 3andate. Do;ens o( other organ&;at&ons &n)l"d&ng )ons"3er gro"s!"t&l&t&es and trade "n&ons also el&eve that good energy ol&)y en)o"rages develo3ent o( a var&ety o( )lean reso"r)es! &n)l"d&ngn")lear ower! )lean )oal te)hnolog&es! &n)reased )onservat&on and energy e((&)&en)y and! when &t5s )ost-e((e)t&ve (or )ons"3ers!ra)t&)al and e)ono3&) renewale energy ot&ons. Ander the roosed (ederal 3andate! )o3an&es wo"ld e (or)ed to 3a6e so-)alled Qalternat&ve )o3l&an)e ay3entsQ to r&dge the d&((eren)e etween what they )o"ld generate "s&ng renewale so"r)es andwhat5s needed to 3eet the 3andate. For So"thern Co3any! these ay3ents! at M )ents er 6&lowatt-ho"r! a3o"nt to ro"ghly G.J&ll&on &n today5s dollars. dH"sted (or &n(lat&on! y B0M0! the ay3ents wo"ld total ro"ghly GB0 &ll&on.

#ed RPS spi+es energy prices and bac+trac+s current successful RPS

US %hamber >o 9ate

*+'ne S&;e Doesnt F&t ll! htt1//www."s)ha3er.)o3/assets/ads/0?08energy/0?08energy2elt.d(4

R&ght now! the o"se o( Reresentat&ves &s )ons&der&ng &3os&ng a (ederal renewale energy 3andate (or generat&ngele)tr&)&ty.We all s"ort renewale energy! "t all th&s (ederal 3andate wo"ld do &s ra&se ele)tr&)&ty r&)es (or "s&nesses and)ons"3ers nat&onw&de. o" see! (ro3 a&ne to Cal&(orn&a! states are already s"))ess("lly develo&ng and &3le3ent&ngrogra3s to &n)rease the a3o"nt o( ele)tr&)&ty that &s generated (ro3 renewale so"r)es.,hese rogra3s are ta&lored to (&t theneeds o( ele)tr&)&ty )"sto3ers w&th the nat"ral reso"r)es ava&lale &n ea)h state. at)h&ng lo)al reso"r)es w&th a var&ety o(te)hnolog&es &s a s3art way to grow the "se o( renewale energy to hel s"ly o"r ele)tr&)&ty. andat&ng a (ederal +one s&;e (&tsall aroa)h to ro3ote renewale energy wo"ld e a ste a)6wards.,he real e((e)t o( th&s 3andate wo"ld e to ra&seele)tr&)&tyr&)es (or "s&nesses and )ons"3ersT "set state-ased renewale rogra3s already &n a)t&onT and &)6 w&nners andlosers a3ong states.

$ery state has a unique RPS specific to their resources < federal RPS doesn;t allow space for modifications or ad?ustments

$88 '(! %d&son %le)tr&) Inst&t"te

*$B/$/0?! htt1//www.ee&.org/&nd"stry2&ss"es/ele)tr&)&ty2ol&)y/(ederal2leg&slat&on/%%I2RPS.d(4

,he RPS 3andate "nder)"ts or ree3ts the state renewale lans that already e&st &n BJ states and the D&str&)t o( Col"3&a. I(states )hoose a lower er)entage re

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States Flexibility

States hae less and differing capacities < %$PS is the most flexible option to sole for cleaner energy

States >ews Serice '(

*+D'%NICI1 F%D%RE R%N%W>E% P'R,F'EI' S,NDRD ANFIR! ANR%EI>E%! ND ANFF'RD>E%! //0?! l/n4

A.S. Senator Pete Do3en&)& today sa&d that he el&eves a roosal to &3ose a $ er)ent a)ross the oard Renewale Port(ol&oStandard 9RPS: resents an "n(a&r "rden to )ons"3ers. Do3en&)& sa&d that when the Senate ta6es " energyee)ted to e netwee6--he and other Senators are lann&ng on o((er&ng an alternat&ve Clean %nergy Port(ol&o Standard 9C%PS: wh&)h wo"ld )reatea (a&r lay&ng (&eld (or all low-e3&ss&on energy reso"r)es. QI s"ort the "se o( )lean energy so"r)es! "t the aroa)h I (avorwo"ld rov&de (or a (a&rer standard. I( o"r goal &s to en)o"rage the "se o( low-e3&tt&ng reso"r)es! then the lay&ng (&eld sho"ld e(a&r (or all reso"r)es that 3eet th&s standard. For that reason! a Clean %nergy Port(ol&o Standard 3a6es sense!Q Do3en&)& sa&d.,he Clean %nergy Port(ol&o Standard wo"ld en)o"rage the "se o( a var&ety o( )lean energy reso"r)es! s")h as n")lear ower!&o3ass! ("el )ells! solar! w&nd! o)ean! geother3al! hydroower! land(&ll gas! and )lean )oal te)hnolog&es. C%PS also &n)l"desrov&s&ons that wo"ld hel states "se less ele)tr&)&ty &n order to 3eet target goals! s")h as energy e((&)&en)y 3eas"res. Ander theroosed (ederal RPS! a 3")h s3aller set o( reso"r)es wo"ld e allowed to 3eet targets. ost states that have adoted

renewale ort(ol&o standards &n)l"de a roader set o( te)hnolog&es to 3eet the&r standards. States that )annot rod")e there&nga3an roosal! 3ost )o33only hydroower and ("el )ells.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# 8

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States !" N#t !$a%able

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# =

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States !" C#''e$(e Cla)se * R#ll a(,

Regional trading systems allow for tradable tax credits < %P would simply extend membership to all A0 states

Sa3 Schoofs '! Calv&n College! WIS% Intern Inst&t"te o( %le)tr&)al and %le)tron&) %ng&neers

*+ Federal Renewale Port(ol&o Standard1 Pol&)y nalys&s and Proosal! 8/J/0K! htt1//www.w&se-&ntern.org/Ho"rnal/B00K/WIS%B00K-Sa3S)hoo(sF&nalPaer.d(4

(&nal )lass&(&)at&on &s what tye o( )red&t trad&ng e&sts (or the states RPS. (ew states have the&r own )red&t trad&ng w&th&nthe&r own state! s")h as Nevada! New e&)o! ,eas! and W&s)ons&n *BB4. 'ther states allow )red&t trad&ng w&th&n reg&onalsyste3s! s")h as the N%P''E 7enerat&on In(or3at&on Syste3! wh&)h Conne)t&)"t and assa)h"setts have agreed to trade "nder*BB4. Cal&(orn&a and New ersey oth have )red&t trad&ng "nder develo3ent! w&th New ersey see6&ng to &ntegrate w&th areg&onal trad&ng ot&on "nder develo3ent y P! a reg&onal trans3&ss&on organ&;at&on *BB4! *BK4! *B4. Eastly! a&ne &s)ons&der&ng Ho&n&ng the trad&ng syste3 set " y N%P''E! wh&le &nnesota 3ay estal&sh &ts own syste3 &n the ("t"re s&3&lar toW&s)ons&ns that wo"ld also erhas allow (or reg&onal )red&t trad&ng *BM4! *BJ4. Reg&onal )red&t trad&ng &s

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States !" Ra(e t# te #tt#'

States are ambitious on requirements < creating a race to the top



F&rst! states over t&3e have &n)reas&ngly tended to elevate the ar (or the a3o"nt o( ele)tr&)&ty rearry 7. Rabe '(! An&vers&ty o( &)h&gan


Fo"rth! as the n"3er o( states adot&ng an RPS and related ro-renewale rogra3s have rol&(erated! they have &n)reas&nglyeg"n to )on(ront &ss"es o( &nter-state )ollaorat&on. States have a )lear &n)ent&ve to atte3t to reta&n any e)ono3&) develo3entand env&ron3ental ene(&ts (ro3 ro3ot&ng renewales 9Rae! Ro3Yn! and Doel&s B00:. >"t w&th a (ew e)et&ons! s")h asawa&& and ,eas! 3ost states share ele)tr&)&ty generat&on trans3&ss&on and d&str&"t&on &n(rastr")t"re and )annot ens"re that allo( the renewale ele)tr&)&ty that they "se w&ll e generated &n state. In so3e arts o( the nat&on! s")h as the So"thwest! a de (a)to+Reg&onal RPS oerates! )reat&ng a new set o( &ss"es (or these s& states to )ons&der 9see F&g"re $:. ,o date! there has eenrelat&vely 3odest &ntera)t&on on RPS develo3ent etween ne&ghor&ng states! re(le)t&ng the +ho3e-grown nat"re o( &nd&v&d"alRPS )reat&on that &s h&ghly sens&t&ve to ol&t&)al! e)ono3&)! and te)hn&)al )ons&derat&ons w&th&n ea)h state. >"t &ss"es s")h as

&nter-state re)ogn&t&on and trad&ng o( R%Cs! and translat&on o( renewale energy eans&on &nto greenho"se gas red")t&on )red&ts&n states that have RPSs and other )l&3ate ol&)&es &n la)e are eg&nn&ng to loo3 larger. Indeed! they are rov&ng harder to sealher3et&)ally w&th&n s&ngle-state o"ndar&es and 3ay ne)ess&tate new (or3s o( &nter-state )ollaorat&on. Eoo6&ng ahead! greater&ntergovern3ental )ollaorat&on resents s&gn&(&)ant oort"n&t&es and )hallenges (or states eager to ta6e the net stes &nrenewale energy develo3ent. S")h a)t&v&ty )o"ld also )ross nat&onal o"ndar&es! &nvolv&ng Canad&an rov&n)es and e&)anstates and re(le)t&ng the real&ty that 3")h North 3er&)an energy 3ove3ent (lows north-so"th and &s &nd&((erent to nat&onalorders 9Co33&ss&on (or %nv&ron3ental Cooerat&on &n North 3er&)a B00B:.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $$

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/#0e S#len(y

The /hite Couse pushes for state authority oer RPS

Coral 9aenport '(! C@ Sta((

*+Senate De3o)rats See 'en&ng (or Renewale Standard! C@ 7reen Sheets! /B/0?! htt1//"l&).)"t even &( those gro"s se)"re o"se assage! a (&nal attle loo3s w&th the Wh&te o"se! wh&)h h&stor&)ally has oosed anat&onal renewale ele)tr&)&ty standard Z tho"gh &t has never gone so (ar as to threaten a veto! W&)6er sa&d. The /hite Cousecontends that no national standard is needed! and that states can create their own renewable regulations. 'n Wednesday!an %nergy Deart3ent so6eswo3an! "l&e R"gg&ero! wrote &n an e-3a&l! +,rad&t&onally! we have oosed a nat&onal renewaleort(ol&o standard d"e to the (a)t that ea)h state has very d&((erent renewale reso"r)es and )an "t&l&;e renewale energy &nd&((erent ways. one-s&;e-(&ts-all aroa)h w&ll not allow "s to est 3a&3&;e ea)h states reso"r)es.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $B

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#l)nta$y !ax C$e%its

Doluntary incenties spur innoation and adoption of renewables

ary nn Ralls 'E! Nat&onal R"ral %le)tr&) Cooerat&ve sso)&at&on 9NR%C: as Sen&or Reg"latory Co"nsel

*+C'N7R%SS 7', I, RI7,1 ,%R%S N' N%%D ,' ND,% R%N%W>E% P'R,F'EI' S,NDRDS! %N%R7 EW 'ARNE! Lol. B?!No. K$! htt1//www.ea-net.org/do)s/K$-K?B.d(4

F&nan)&al &n)ent&ves are &n la)e at the (ederal! state! and lo)al levels! &n)l"d&ng ta )red&ts (or renewale develo3ent and otherrod")t&on &n)ent&ves! )"sto3er reates! and resear)h! and develo3ent grants. The importance of these programs inproiding encouragement! inducement! and support for renewable technologies! research and pro?ect deelopment

cannot be oerstated. t the (ederal level! %P)t B00 enhan)es these oort"n&t&es y! a3ong other th&ngs! a3end&ngrenewale rod")t&on &n)ent&ves that are set (orth &n the %nergy Pol&)y )t o( $==B. JK Ander %P)t B00! the renewale energyrod")t&on ta )red&t 9P,C: &s etended thro"gh B00?! and &n)l"des &n)re3ental and new hydroower and Ind&an )oal asonds 9CR%>:. J? CR%>! 6nown as a ta )red&t ond! del&vers to )o-os! 3"n&)&al&t&es! and Ind&an ,r&es (or the (&rst t&3e

an &n)ent&ve )o3arale to the P,C! o((er&ng an &nterest-(ree loan (or (&nan)&ng S to (&nan)e (&(ty-e&ght renewale roHe)ts a)ross 3er&)a. J= Se)t&on $M0J o( the )t estal&shes a rod")t&on ta)red&t (or new advan)ed n")lear ower (a)&l&t&es w&th a )red&t a3o"nt o( $.8 )ents er Wh (or ele)tr&)&ty rod")ed over ane&ght-year ter3. Se)t&on B0B rea"thor&;es the Renewale %nergy Prod")t&on In)ent&ve "nt&l B0BJ. Se)t&on B0M sets goals (or(ederal "r)has&ng o( renewale energy " to ?.O &n (&s)al year B0$M and ea)h (&s)al year therea(ter. Se)t&ons $BK and B0J!rese)t&vely! estal&sh reates (or res&dent&al )ons"3ers who sat&s(y

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#l)nta$y an%at#$y Flexibility

@andatory RPS is inflexible < that guts solency cu, the design of a oluntary RPS determines solency



Congress&onal e((orts to &3ose a 3andated RPS )onta&ned l&ttle oort"n&ty (or lo)al var&an)es! or (or the (le&&l&ty orre)ons&derat&on that are essential components in furthering renewable goals wh&le 3eet&ng the )o"ntrys ower s"ly needs&n a )ost-e((e)t&ve and rel&ale 3anner. s d&s)"ssed s"ra at Part II! the deates s"rro"nd&ng S. 3dt. ?=$ h&ghl&ghted th&sshort)o3&ng &n that RPS roosal. Fort"nately! the a3end3ents Congress ena)ted to ,&tle I o( PARP rese)t&ng ("el d&vers&tyd&d not s"((er (ro3 the sa3e role3. 8B Fle&&l&ty 3eans that ele3ents o( a renewale rogra3 )an e rev&sed &( ne)essary.Renewale rogra3s sho"ld e des&gned to e (le&le &n order to alan)e )onservat&on and env&ron3ental ene(&ts aga&nstasso)&ated )osts and rel&a&l&ty )on)erns. Fle&&l&ty &s &3ortant e)a"se rogra3s o(tent&3es need to e rev&sed to 3a&nta&n th&salan)e and o((er wor6ale sol"t&ons (or )ons"3ers. RPS or any renewale rogra3 sho"ld ro3ote energy e((&)&en)y and)onservat&on in the context of obtaining affordable and reliable power. Fle&&l&ty at the state! lo)al! and "t&l&ty levels &sessent&al &n estal&sh&ng RPSs or renewale rogra3s that (oster these sa3e goals. ,hose who are &3le3ent&ng the rogra3s

3"st e ale to rev&ew or re)ons&der ele3ents as a 3eans o( ("l(&ll&ng the "rose o( renewales wh&le sa(eg"ard&ng the need (orsa(e! rel&ale! and a((ordale ower. Renewale advo)ates have een "rg&ng (le&&l&ty &n des&gn&ng renewale rogra3s (oryears. In B00$! the ,eas RPS was to"ted as a s"))ess &n that &t de3onstrated that a RPS! &( des&gned roerly! )an del&ver a+low-)ost! (le&le! and e((e)t&ve s"ort 3e)han&s3 (or renewale energy. 8M oreover! an analys&s o( state rogra3s"nderta6en &n B00$ )on)l"ded that state eer&en)es showed that +an RPS can be ineffectie unless careful attention is giento the details of the RPS design. 8K It &s essent&al to des&gn a renewale standard or goal that &n)ororates 3any searateele3ents &n)l"d&ng str")t"re! s&;e! ad3&n&strat&on! ol&)y goals! reso"r)e el&g&&l&ty! rod")t&on targets! and )oord&nat&on w&thother ol&)&es s")h as (&nan)&al &n)ent&ves! and 3ost &3ortantly! the (le&&l&ty to reassess and re(&ne all o( the aove. 8 ,he)ongress&onal deate o( S. 3dt. ?=$ (o)"sed on whether or not ele3ents o( the roosed RPS wo"ld rove too &ntra)tale)on)ern&ng (a)tors s")h as rel&a&l&ty! )osts! and el&g&le renewale so"r)es to ens"re &ts own e((e)t&veness. It &s o(ten sa&d +thedev&l &s &n the deta&ls! wh&)h &s re)&sely the reason why renewale rogra3s sho"ld e le(t to those who "nderstand the3e)han&)s o( ota&n&ng )leaner ower that &s also rel&ale and )ost-e((e)t&ve.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $K

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N#nRenewable RPS ene$i(

RPS using %lean %oal and efficiency standards soles better than renewables

>en Beman '(! 7reenw&re sen&or reorter

*+Eaw3a6ers 3"ll 5)lean energy5 standard &nstead o( renewales 3andate! //0?! %nergy Pol&)y V ar6ets Lol. $0 No. =! l/n4

,he Senate %nergy and Nat"ral Reso"r)es Co33&ttee5s ran6&ng Re"l&)an &ntends to "sh a Q)lean energyQ standard to advan)e)oal te)hnolog&es and new n")lear generat&on when the Senate ta6es " energy leg&slat&on th&s 3onth. Sen. Pete Do3en&)& o(New e&)o told reorters yesterday that a renewale ele)tr&)&ty 3andate wo"ld enal&;e states that have (ewer renewalereso"r)es. Eaw3a6ers sho"ld &nstead adot a roader Q)lean energy ort(ol&o standardQ that en)o3asses oth renewale andnon-renewale low-e3&ss&on te)hnolog&es! he sa&d. QI el&eve we sho"ld (&nd ways (or all 0 states to rod")e 3ore )leanenergy! wh&)h &s what 3y roosal wo"ld do!Q the senator sa&d. n a&de added that Do3en&)& &s wor6&ng on the roosal w&thother law3a6ers! and &t was not )lear at ress t&3e who wo"ld o((er the a3end3ent. ,he %nergy anel5s )ha&r3an! Sen. e((>&nga3an 9D-N..:! &s lann&ng an a3end3ent that wo"ld re

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N#nRenewable RPS Flexibility

Utah proes

Blobal Power Report '1

*+Atah asses &ll sett&ng ort(ol&o standard on a vol"ntary as&s (or renewale ower! M/$M/08! %than owland! l/n4

,he Atah Eeg&slat"re last wee6 "nan&3o"sly assed a &ll that sets a vol"ntary B0O y B0B renewales goal. QIt5s a (&rst ste!"t &t doesn5t go anywhere near as (ar as we )o"ld go &n the state!Q sa&d ,&3 Wagner! a S&erra Cl" o((&)&al. ,he 3eas"re! S.>.B0B! &ntrod")ed y Senate aHor&ty Eeader C"rt&s >ra3le! a Re"l&)an! &s 3odeled on a roosal 3ade y Ro)6y o"nta&nPower &n ')toer. ,he roosal )alled (or estal&sh&ng a low-)aron ort(ol&o standard (or Atah5s "t&l&t&es &nstead o( a trad&t&onalrenewale ort(ol&o standard. QWe5re very leased!Q sa&d Dav&d %s6elsen! a so6es3an (or Ro)6y o"nta&n Power. Atah7overnor on "nts3an! a Re"l&)an! has &nd&)ated that he s"orts the &ll! %s6elsen sa&d. ,y&)ally! RPSs are ased on totalreta&l sales! however! "nder S.>. B0B! "t&l&t&es w&ll start w&th total reta&l sales and ded")t (ro3 the3 var&o"s Q;ero-)aronQso"r)es l&6e hydroele)tr&) lants! energy e((&)&en)y rogra3s! )aron )at"re roHe)ts and n")lear ower. lso renewalereso"r)es l&6e &o3ass and land(&ll gas roHe)ts )o"ld e &n)l"ded. ,he "t&l&ty wo"ld then ase &ts B0O target on the re3a&n&ngWh a(ter the low-)aron so"r)es are s"tra)ted. Renewale energy )red&ts )o"ld e "sed to 3eet the B0O goal.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $J

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Ca0an%!$a%e CP

%ap)and)trade would expand renewables as well as an RPS

osh"a P.#ershee '1! ss&stant Pro(essor o( Eaw An&vers&ty o( North Da6ota S)hool o( Eaw

*+Chang&ng Reso"r)es! Chang&ng ar6et1 ,he I3a)t o( a Nat&onal Renewale Port(ol&o Standard on the A.S. %nergy In! %nergy Eaw o"rnal! l/n4

nK=. nat&onal RPS &s not the only way to a)h&eve env&ron3ental ene(&ts v&a renewale energy. nother leg&slat&ve roosal!the Eow Caron %)ono3y )t o( B00?! wo"ld estal&sh a 3andatory greenho"se gas 977: e3&ss&ons )a-and-trade rogra3.See Eow Caron %)ono3y )t o( B00?! S. $?JJ! $$0th Cong. 9B00?:. I( s")h a )a-and-trade roosal were ena)ted! one st"dy&nd&)ated that a nat&onal RPS wo"ld have Ql&ttle &n)re3ental e((e)t e)a"se the 77 allowan)e rogra3 &n S. $?JJ en)o"rages

an &n)rease &n renewale generat&on s&3&lar to what wo"ld e needed to )o3ly w&th the RPS.Q %nergy In(o. d3&n.! A.S. De5to( %nergy! %nergy ar6et and %)ono3&) I3a)ts o( S.$?JJ! the Eow Caron %)ono3y )t o( B00?! at v&& 9B00?:!htt1//www.e&a.doe.gov/o&a(/serv&)ert/l)ea/d(/sro&a(9B00?:0J.d(. ,he st"dy does not! however! &nd&)ate whether a )a-and-trade rogra3 or a nat&onal RPS rogra3 wo"ld e 3ore e((e)t&ve or re(eraleT &t s&3ly &nd&)ates that a $O RPS wo"ld res"lt&n ro"ghly the sa3e a3o"nt o( renewale generat&on that wo"ld res"lt &( the roosed )a-and-trade rogra3 were &3le3ented.See &d.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $?

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N),e !$a%e ; 9

RPS capacity focus trades off with nuclear power and efficiency technology < turning case

Blobal Power Report '(

*+%I says (ederal renewale ort(ol&o standard o( BO wo"ld ra&se ele)tr&)&ty )osts! lower 7NP! =/$M/0?! l/n4

ndy ydes! an %I analyst! sa&d the ol&)y s"stant&ally wo"ld &n)rease renewale energy "se! ese)&ally (ro3 w&nd! &o3assand geother3al reso"r)es! "t so 3")h o( the energy se)tor5s reso"r)es wo"ld e d&re)ted to &3rov&ng &ts renewale )aa)&tythat &nvest3ent &n n")lear energy! advan)ed )oal generat&on and other low-)aron or e((&)&ent te)hnolog&es wo"ld de)rease!wh&)h wo"ld )an)el o"t so3e o( the 3andate5s )aron ene(&ts.

>uclear power soles blac+outs and is critical to the stability of the energy grid

arv&n #ertel '! Sen&or L&)e Pres&dent o( the N")lear %nergy Inst&t"te*At&l&ty Fleet anage3ent! Lol BM! &ss"e M! ProHe)t "se4N")lear lants rov&de voltage s"ort e)a"se rea)tor oerators )an ra&se or lower ower levels as &ss"es w&th the gr&d ar&se.,h&s hels 6ee ele)tr&)&ty generat&on )onstant a)ross large reg&onal trans3&ss&on gr&ds! and &t contrasts sharply w&th the 3anyower lants that oerate only d"r&ng er&ods o( ea6 ele)tr&)&ty "se. ,hese lants - a3ong the3 gas! hydroele)tr&) and

renewale so"r)es - 3"st syn)hron&;e w&th the gr&d ea)h day they are owered ". The performance of the nuclear plantsafter the blac+out readily demonstrated their alue to the nationFs energy security" Cons&stent w&th the&r oerat&ngro)ed"res! n&ne n")lear lants &n the la)6o"t area were sh"t down a"to3at&)ally d"e to s&gnal d&sr"t&ons (ro3 the gr&d last"g. $K. ,he lants sh"t down sa(ely and (ollowed d&s)&l&ned ro)ed"res to restart and )onne)t a)6 to the gr&d. In (a)t! e)a"sethey are large! ro"nd-the-)lo)6 energy rod")ers! 3ost lants were restarted as soon as the gr&d was sta&l&;ed and ele)tr&)&ty(ro3 the lants )o"ld e 3oved on trans3&ss&on l&nes. ,he a&l&ty o( the n")lear lants to re)onne)t to the gr&d layed asignificant role &n eed&t&o"sly restor&ng ower to )"sto3ers &n these areas.

Glac+ &uts will permanently cripple the US economy

UP8 'H! An&ted Press Internat&onal! 8/$8/0MIn the end! >"sh wo"ld learn &t was the largest ele)tr&) la)6o"t ever. ,ho"gh aarently not )a"sed y terror&s3! &n the san o(H"st n&ne se)onds 0 3&ll&on eole &n New or6 C&ty and state! New %ngland! Detro&t! Cleveland! 'ttawa and ,oronto wo"ldlose ele)tr&) ower! la)&ng the3 &n the hot! o(ten waterless dar6ness. ,ho"sands wo"ld have to wal6 ho3eT tho"sands wo"ld e

traed "ndergro"nd &n s"ways! s"sended &n &noerale elevators! or at s)hools and theaters. >"t very aghdad5s! "t &n the long r"n the verynat"re of U"S" economic and social surial may rely upon correcting the difficulties

US economic decline casues nuclear war

R&)hard C. %oo+ '(! Wr&ter! Cons"ltant! and Ret&red Federal nalyst - A.S. ,reas"ry Deart3ent

*+It5s '((&)&al1 ,he Crash o( the A.S. %)ono3y has eg"n! J/$K/0?! htt1//www.gloalresear)h.)a/&nde.h#)ontetUvaVa&dU=JK4

,&3es o( e)ono3&) )r&s&s rod")e &nternat&onal tens&on and ol&t&)&ans tend to go to war rather than (a)e the e)ono3&) 3"s&).,he )lass&) ea3le &s the worldw&de deress&on o( the $=M0s lead&ng to World War II. Cond&t&ons &n the )o3&ng years )o"ld eas ad as they were then. We )o"ld have a really &g war &( the A.S. de)&des on)e and (or all to ha"l o(( and let Ch&na! orwho3ever! have &t &n the )hos. I( they dont want o"r dollars or o"r det any 3ore! how ao"t a (ew n"6es#

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# $8

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E(#n#'y 9

Power generators require compliance costs < RPS would exacerbate problems and collapse the economy

>=@ '(! Nat&onal sso)&at&on o( an"(a)t"rers

*+PR',%C, %E%C,RICI, C'NSA%RS FR' R,% INCR%S%S1 'PP'S% ,% >IN7N R%N%W>E% P'R,F'EI' S,NDRD%ND%N,! htt1//www.na3.org/s2na3/do)$.as#CIDUB0B0KVDIDUBBJ8?84

RPS )osts w&ll e &3osed )on)"rrently w&th 3ass&ve env&ron3ental )osts. Power generators are ee)ted to &n)"r newenv&ron3ental )o3l&an)e )osts o( G-$0 &ll&on ann"ally w&th&n the net de)ade to deal w&th a&r

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C#'0etitieness =@ '(! Nat&onal sso)&at&on o( an"(a)t"rers


,he RPS 3end3ent Is Ser&o"sly Flawed ,he a3end3ent enal&;es &nnovat&ve )o3an&es that have already &nvesteds&gn&(&)ant (&nan)&al reso"r)es &nto renewale energy generat&on. Co3an&es that have "&lt e&st&ng renewale energy (a)&l&t&eswo"ld not re)e&ve renewale energy )red&ts (or the ower already rod")ed. Ander th&s a3end3ent! even e&st&ng renewaleenergy generat&on wo"ld essent&ally e s"He)t to an energy ta[ ,he a3end3ent (a&ls to allow "t&l&t&es to s"tra)t the&r e&st&ngrenewale energy generat&on (ro3 the&r ase sales on wh&)h the RPS er)entage re

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C#'0etitieness >#nt >#$,

RPS won;t affect our position in the renewable mar+et

Roert . @ichaels '1! Pro(essor o( %)ono3&)s Cal&(orn&a State A! .>. A o( Ch&)ago! Ph.D! A o( Cal&(orn&a

*+N,I'NE R%N%W>E% P'R,F'EI' S,NDRD1 SR, P'EIC 'R IS7AID%D 7%S,AR%# %N%R7 EW 'ARNE! Lol. B=1?=!htt1//www.ea-net.org/do)s/elHB=$/nat&onal2renewale2ort(ol&o2standard.d(4

We eg&n w&th data on renewales wh&)h s"ggests that a (ederal RPS w&ll r&ng l&ttle d&vers&ty &n generat&on reso"r)es and (ewenv&ron3ental ene(&ts. ,he net se)t&ons ea3&ne advo)ates )la&3s (or &t! (&nd&ng the3 &nade

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C#'0etitieness Renewables N#t C#st Ee(tie

RPS won;t ma+e renewables cost effectie



So3e el&eve that a nat&onal RPS w&ll hel dr&ve down the )osts o( renewales. MJ It &s! (or ea3le! oss&le that large "r)haseorders w&ll r&ng (orth larger lants that )at"re e)ono3&es o( s)ale that have not een real&;ed &n todays relat&vely s3aller ones.Renewales! however! have no ov&o"s )hara)ter&st&)s that wo"ld lead to e)ono3&es &n rod")t&on e)eed&ng those o( s&3&lar3an"(a)t"red goods! 3ost o( whose 3ar6ets s"ort at least several A.S. and (ore&gn rod")ers. Renewales )an eas&ly )rossnat&onal o"ndar&es &n oth d&re)t&ons! and a (ederal RPS w&ll have l&ttle &3a)t on already-)o3et&t&ve world 3ar6ets. M? ,hedevelo3ent o( renewales has attra)ted te)hnology &nvestors! vent"re )a&tal&sts! and large (&r3s 9e.g. 7eneral %le)tr&): w&thava&lale &nternal ("nds. %er&en)e &n rod")t&on lowers )osts! and a nat&onal RPS 3ay add to eer&en)e &n renewales. S&n)eB/M o( the o"lat&on already l&ves &n RPS states! &t &s not )lear why add&ng the re3a&nder w&ll y&eld s&gn&(&)ant add&t&onal )ostred")t&ons. Co3et&t&on also ress"res rod")ers to red")e )osts! whether &t )o3es (ro3 renewales or nonrenewales. Costs3ay (all w&th eer&en)e! "t an &neer&en)ed rod")er )an also red")e the3 y oserv&ng and &3&tat&ng )o3et&tors. 7row&ng

3ar6ets &n &ntelle)t"al roerty allow 3er&)ans to ene(&t (ro3 the resear)h o( others w&tho"t a d"l&)at&on o( e((ort. M8 nyol&)y that d&re)ts &n)reased &nvest3ent to a art&)"lar &nd"stry )an y&eld )ost red")t&ons that )o3e w&th s)ale and eer&en)e! &(they &n (a)t e&st. ,hese sav&ngs! however! w&ll )o3e w&th any ro-renewales ol&)y and are not &n the3selves a reason to (avora nat&onal RPS to &n)rease the&r rod")t&on.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# BB

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C#'0etitieness =neitable + >$#n? F#()s

US competitieness is ineitable in the areas we are SUPP&S$9 to be dominant < RPS won;t help



'thers hoe that a nat&onal RPS )an r&ng A.S. do3&nat&on o( the worlds renewales 3ar6ets. 'ne advo)ate sees &t as ane)essary resonse to renewales-ased eort ol&)&es that are ta6&ng shae &n aan. M= e el&eves 3er&)ans 3"st e3"latethe )ooerat&on etween aans 3an"(a)t"rers and govern3ent lanners! a v&s&on o( &nv&n)&&l&ty (ro3 the $=?0s and $=80s thatd&ed w&th the re)ess&on and an6&ng )r&s&s o( the $==0s. K0 %er&en)e g&ves l&ttle reason to ee)t that s")h )on)erted ol&)y(or3at&on )an 3a6e e&ther nat&on do3&nant. ,he A.S. w&ll )ont&n"e to eort those &n wh&)h &t has a )ost advantage and &3ortthose &n wh&)h &t does not. K$ Internat&onal trade &n renewales ra&ses no se)"r&ty &ss"es! s&n)e they are ord&nary 3an"(a)t"resthat no nat&on or gro" )an )red&ly 3onool&;e.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# BM

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Cli'ate Cant S#le E'issi#ns

>ational RPS is ague < percentage reductions don;t effectiely limit emissions



Whether state or nat&onal! as env&ron3ental ol&)y! an RPS (a&ls every )r&ter&on d&s)"ssed aove. States have generally adotedRPS w&tho"t st"dy&ng the )osts and ene(&ts o( alternat&ve

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Cli'ate 1@ =n($ease in Renewables Ase

>$@S Iwhich is the information model that RPS usesJ predicts a RPS will only increase renewable use by *K



log&)al (&rst ste as6s what w&ll haen &( )"rrent ol&)&es re3a&n &n e((e)t! 6nown as a +"s&ness as "s"al *>A4 s)enar&o.,he 3odels evol"t&on "nder >A )an then e )o3ared w&th s)enar&os o( alternat&ve ol&)&es. J? >A &tsel( y&elds so3e"nee)ted )on)l"s&ons1 7as-(&red and n")lear ower rod")t&on w&ll re3a&n near todays levels (or the net twenty years! andower (ro3 )oal-(&red "n&ts w&ll sat&s(y 3ost de3and growth.J8 Renewales 9e)l"d&ng hydroele)tr&): w&ll rod")e only M.JO othe nat&ons ele)tr&)&ty &n B0M0! " (ro3 B.MO &n B00J! and (oss&l ("els w&ll rod")e aro&3ately the sa3e er)entage that theydo today.J= Few )hanges &n >A ass"3t&ons red&)t over KO renewale ower &n B0M0. %ven &( all e&st&ng state RPSstandards are atta&ned! renewales w&ll rod")e only B=O 3ore ower than &s generated "nder >A! st&ll "nder O o( thenat&onal total. ?0 'ther )on)l"s&ons are )o33on to 3ost N%S-ased RPS st"d&es. ,he (&rst general (&nd&ng &s that a nat&onalRPS w&ll &n)rease ower r&)es y relat&vely l&ttle! generally "nder O er 6wh.?$ ,he low (&g"re &s the net e((e)t o( h&gher )osts(or renewales and (all&ng gas r&)es as they rela)e gas-(&red generators.?B ,he see3&ng a))"ra)y so3et&3es re(le)ts o((sett&ng

errors. Nearly all re)ent state-level st"d&es "nderest&3ated oth the a)t"al )osts o( renewales and the 3agn&t"des o( re)ent gasr&)e &n)reases.?M So3e st"d&es o3&t &3ortant )osts o( &ntegrat&ng renewales &nto the gr&d! and nearly all ass"3e er3anen)eo( an on-aga&n o((-aga&n (ederal rod")t&on ta )red&t on w&nd energy. 'ddly! al3ost all re-B00 st"d&es ass"3ed no ("t"re)aron reg"lat&on that 3&ght y &tsel( &nd")e greater &nvest3ent &n renewales.?K In general N%S red&)ts that al3ost anyol&)y that does not )o3el &nvest3ent &n renewales w&ll have l&ttle &3a)t on the&r er)entage o( ("t"re ower o"t"t. %ven a)o3&nat&on o( )aron taes and rod")t&on ta )red&ts ra&ses renewales share o( total rod")t&on &n B0B y only oneer)entage o&nt.?

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# B

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Cli'ate N# F#()s

RPS can;t address warming directly < no industry or regionali,ed focus



n RPS v&olates the all-so"r)es r&n)&le y restr&)t&ng &tsel( to a s&ngle &nd"stry. Instead o( atta)6&ng oll"tants! &t atte3ts to doso &nd&re)tly y restr&)t&ng the range o( generat&ng te)hnolog&es and ("els. I( a s&ngle RPS standard were adoted nat&onally! &two"ld also v&olate the reg&onal&;at&on r&n)&le s&n)e the ava&la&l&ty o( renewale reso"r)es var&es w&th geograhy. ,he ene(&tso( a renewales

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Cli'ate St$)(t)$al P$#ble's

RPS can;t sole climate changeLstructural problems preent effectieness

Blobal Power Report 'E 9N'R, %RIC1 R%N%W>E% %N%R7T Pg. $8 +Cal&(orn&a %nergy Co33&ss&on reort warns state3ay 3&ss &ts RPS goals De)e3er ?! B00J.: htt1//we.le&s-ne&s.)o3/env"n&v/do)"3ent#23U=a?$80?=8e)0dBe(M$dee8?e$((BaKV2do)n"3U$Vw)hUd7ELt;-;S6L>V23dU==Kde$80?((MJ8Kd0BM0d)))

reort y the Cal&(orn&a %nergy Co33&ss&on &s warn&ng that Cal&(orn&a w&ll l&6ely 3&ss &ts Renewale Port(ol&o Standard goalsand 3ay 3&ss )l&3ate )hange goals "nless ol&)es are )hanged. ,he dra(t o( the B00J Integrated %nergy Pol&)y Reort Adate &s&ntended to rov&de ol&)y g"&dan)e to the Eeg&slat"re! governor and reg"lators. ))ord&ng to the reort! Cal&(orn&a5s &nvestor-owned "t&l&t&es5 Q)la&3 rogress &n a)h&ev&ngQ RPS goals ased on renewale )ontra)ts they have entered &nto (or as 3")h asK!0= W. >"t o( those )ontra)ts! only BKB W are onl&ne. ,o 3eet the RPS goals o( B0O renewales y B0$0! I'As)olle)t&vely w&ll need to add as 3")h as $!00 W o( el&g&le renewale generat&on over the net (o"r years eyond what &salready "nder )ontra)t! sa&d the reort. F&ve r&3ary arr&ers stand &n the way o( a)h&ev&ng RPS goals1 &nade

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Cli'ate Cant Re0la(e Nat)$al as

Renewables can;t replace natural gas )



,he RPS 3end3ent &s Not the nswer to the Nat"ral 7as Cr&s&s So3e RPS roonents )la&3 that a (ederal renewales3andate w&ll s&gn&(&)antly red")e the de3and (or nat"ral gas "sed &n ele)tr&)&ty generat&on! "t that &s not l&6ely to e the )ase.Nat"ral gas has 3any advantages as a ("el (or ele)tr&)&ty generat&on! )h&e( a3ong the3 &ts

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!" !e$$#$is'B;il

/on;t affect energy security < oil is only HK of our power" RPS won;t address ulnerability of power plants"



ny )onne)t&on etween an RPS and energy se)"r&ty &s ten"o"s at est.$ L&rt"ally all &nternat&onal se)"r&ty )on)erns are o&l-related! "t o&l rod")es only MO o( the nat&ons ower! so3e &n lants that )an also "rn gas.B Renewales r&3ar&ly d&sla)eower generated y North 3er&)an gas! whose r&)e re(le)ts )ond&t&ons o( de3and! storage! and 9over the longer r"n: ol&)&esthat restr&)t or eand elorat&on (or &t. Cla&3s that a nat&onal RPS w&ll 3a6e owerlants 3ore se)"re aga&nst terror&s3 aearoverstated at est.M s shown elow! 3ost generat&on &nvest3ents over the net twenty years w&ll )ont&n"e to e (oss&l-("eled orn")lear. n RPS &s a )ostly and l"nt tool (or the rote)t&on o( non-renewale owerlants.K Se)"r&ty &s etter addressed "ndera nat&onal &n(rastr")t"re ol&)y to harden the3 than "nder a ol&)y that re

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S#len(y =nee(tie

$conomic theory that supports RPS is speculation < compliance proes it;s ineffectie and crowds out more effectie policies



%le)tr&)&ty (ro3 +renewale so"r)es &s (ast e)o3&ng a 3"lt&"rose re3edy that w&ll allev&ate energy s)ar)&t&es! aate a&roll"t&on! and 3&t&gate )l&3ate )hange. s o( "ly B00?! over hal( o( the states had ena)ted +renewale ort(ol&o standards9RPS: re

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S#len(y Ene$?y P$i(es !)$n

#ederal RPS would spi+e currently low energy prices causing industries to go abroad < that turns competitieness

W&ll&a3 Meatman andyron $bell '(! eat3an %nergy Pol&)y nalyst Co3et&t&ve %nterr&se Inst&t"te 9C%I:. %ell theD&re)tor o( %nergy and 7loal War3&ng Pol&)y at C%I

*+7one w&th the W&nd! J/$B/0?! No. $$K! htt1//)e&.org/d(/=8B.d(4

Reg&ons W&th a Co3arat&ve D&sadvantage. >y and large! states that have adoted renewale ort(ol&o standards were already"rdened w&th h&gh ele)tr&)&ty ratesT 3ost o( the3 also have h&gh w&nd otent&al. >"t not every state s"((ers h&gh ele)tr&)&ty )ostsnor &s every state endowed w&th w&ndy la&ns. For ea3le! the So"theast &s a reg&on where )ons"3ers enHoy so3e o( the lowestele)tr&)&ty rates &n the land! largely d"e to rel&an)e on )oal-(&red generat&on. 'n the other hand! the So"theast has the least w&ndotent&al &n the )o"ntry! )losely (ollowed y the &dwest. ,he &3a)t o( a (ederal RPS on 3an"(a)t"r&ng reg&ons w&th lowele)tr&)&ty )osts and low w&nd energy otent&al ro3&ses to ra&se ele)tr&)&ty rates )ons&deraly. 9a K: ))ord&ng to theCo33er)e Deart3ents >"rea" o( %)ono3&) nalys&s &nd"stry se)&al&;at&on &nde! wh&)h 3eas"res states level o( &nd"str&alse)&al&;at&on! the Aer &dwest and the So"theast are 3ore deendent on the 3an"(a)t"r&ng se)tor than other reg&ons.ltho"gh 3an"(a)t"rers have 3oved the&r (a)tor&es (ro3 states w&th h&gh ele)tr&)&ty )osts to these states w&th lower ele)tr&)&ty)osts! a federal RPS would then tend to drie these industries to foreign countries with lower electricity rates. Con)l"s&on.

Deend&ng on the )"rrent )ost o( ele)tr&)&ty and renewale energy otent&al! the e)ono3&) &3a)t o( a (ederal renewaleort(ol&o standard &s 3odest &n so3e reg&ons o( the )o"ntry and d&re &n others. State leg&slators have we&ghed the e)ono3&) )ostsand ene(&ts o( an RPS &n the&r states and a)ted a))ord&ngly. Congress sho"ld not &3ose a (ederal renewale ort(ol&o standardon those states that have )orre)tly H"dged that s")h a 3andate wo"ld ra&se the&r )ons"3er ele)tr&)&ty r&)es and destroy Hos &nenergy-&ntens&ve &nd"str&es. Wh&le e3ers o( Congress (ro3 so3e reg&ons o( the )o"ntry 3ay e te3ted to e)ono3&)allyd&sadvantage states &n other reg&ons y vot&ng (or a (ederal RPS! they sho"ld re)ogn&;e that &t &s not &n the nat&ons &nterest to"nder3&ne any o( o"r 3an"(a)t"r&ng &nd"str&es.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# M$

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S#len(y Ene$?y P$i(es /in,

State RPS are effectiely producing renewable energy < a federal RPS would ?ac+ up electricity prices and uproot our

industries



ltho"gh B$ states have already assed a renewale ort(ol&o standard! th&s &s not an arg"3ent &n (avor o( a (ederal RPS. ,heseRPS states tend to have a 3")h h&gher otent&al (or renewale energy! less energy-&ntens&ve 3an"(a)t"r&ng! or oth. In the RPSstates that do have )ons&derale 3an"(a)t"r&ng! the e((e)t o( adot&ng an RPS has een to ra&se ele)tr&)&ty r&)es and "sh3an"(a)t"r&ng &nto states or other )o"ntr&es w&th lower ele)tr&)&ty r&)es. ,here(ore! a (ederal RPS wo"ld re=@ '(! Nat&onal sso)&at&on o( an"(a)t"rers


,he RPS 3end3ent Wo"ld e Costly to Cons"3ers ,he a3end3ent wo"ld &3ose a s&gn&(&)ant &n)rease &n ele)tr&)&ty )ostson )ons"3ers. ,he >&nga3an RPS a3end3ent )o"ld )ost as 3")h as G$B? &ll&on &n h&gher ele)tr&)&ty r&)es (or )ons"3ers overthe l&(e o( the 3andate. t &ts ea6 &n B0M0! the RPS 3andate )o"ld )ost )ons"3ers al3ost G$0 &ll&on &n h&gher ele)tr&)&ty r&)es

RPS doesn;t address renewable potential < that spi+es energy prices



,he se)ond (a)tor &s the otent&al (or renewale energy e&ng sread "nevenly a)ross the )o"ntry. For ea3le! the so"thern and3&ddle arts o( the )o"ntry have low otent&al (or w&nd ower! wh&)h &s the renewale energy reso"r)e that &s )losest to the3ar6et )osts o( )onvent&onal energy! g&ven )"rrent (ederal s"s&d&es. nd altho"gh w&nd energy rod")ed! (or ea3le! &n'6laho3a )o"ld e trans3&tted to 7eorg&a! the add&t&onal trans3&ss&on )osts greatly &n)rease the total )osts o( that energy to there)e&v&ng state.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# MB

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S#len(y #bs !)$n

RPS shifts ?obs to less effectie renewables



nat&onal RPS &s r&3ar&ly an env&ron3ental ol&)y! "t so3e advo)ates assert other ene(&ts. ,hey have )al)"lated &ts e((e)tson e3loy3ent! "s&ng 3ethods l&6e those &n govern3ent-)o33&ss&oned st"d&es est&3at&ng the Hos that! e.g. a new 3"n&)&alstad&"3 w&ll )reate. ,h&s reason&ng 3ay have held d"r&ng the great deress&on o( the $=M0s! when " to $/M o( the wor6(or)e was"ne3loyed. ,oday! 3ost "ne3loy3ent )ons&sts o( trans&t&ons etween ass"red Hos! short-ter3 layo((s w&th h&gh roa&l&t&eso( ret"rn! and non- &ntens&ve Ho sear)h y )as"al wor6ers s")h as teenagers l&v&ng at ho3e! 3any o( who3 are hardly &nhardsh&. C"rrently only K.$O o( h&gh s)hool grad"ates over twenty-(&ve are "ne3loyed! the 3ed&an sell o( "ne3loy3entlasts 8.B wee6s! and 3ost o( the3 re)e&ve "ne3loy3ent )o3ensat&on. M0 ,he wor6ers who "&ld a 3"n&)&al stad&"3 or arenewale generator )o3e (ro3 other Hos! and are a&d w&th ("nds that ho"seholds and "s&nesses wo"ld have sent elsewhere.Eaor &s reallo)ated to renewales! "t the nat&on &s "nl&6ely to see a net &n)rease &n e3loy3ent. Whatever the e3loy3ent)onse

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S#len(y Re?i#nal 9ie$en(e

Promoting renewable in multiple regions is infeasible < RPS only exists in some regions because their capacity < forcing an

RPS upon them is counter)productie



Deter3&nants o( RPS I3a)t. Wh&le a one-s&;e-(&ts-all (ederal RPS wo"ld &3ose "n&(or3 re

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S#len(y Ca0a(ity a(,)0 !)$n

Renewable energy is only an add)on < Utilities will go bac+ to conentional fuels to meet consumer needs



,he RPS a3end3ent &s really H"st an energy ta on trad&t&onal energy reso"r)es! s")h as )oal! nat"ral gas and n")lear energy,he RPS er)entage targets are so "nreal&st&) that they )annot e ("lly 3et y only "&ld&ng new renewale generat&on. At&l&t&esw&ll e (or)ed to "r)hase renewale energy )red&ts (ro3 the (ederal govern3ent or )o3an&es trad&ng )red&ts to 3eet the&r3andated RPS re

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S#len(y Ca0a(ity a(,)0 Extensi#n

Renewable capacity is limited < shortages result in the use of traditional coal ) turning case cu, less energy is produced



E&6e renewales rogra3s! there &s no +one-s&;e-(&ts-all aroa)h to assess&ng rel&a&l&ty o( renewale reso"r)es. Certa&nlyso3e! s")h as &o3ass and land(&ll gas! are d&sat)hale.=$ S&n)e there &s no g"arantee that w&nd and solar w&ll generate owerwhen needed! "r)has&ng "t&l&t&es 3ay e (or)ed to )ont&n"e to oerate trad&t&onal (oss&l-("el! a)6-" generators whenne)essary. >e)a"se o( the need to r"n these a)6-" syste3s! the env&ron3ental and e)ono3&) ene(&ts o( )erta&n renewalereso"r)es 3ay e overstated.=B In a re)ent st"dy! the North 3er&)an %le)tr&) Rel&a&l&ty Co"n)&l 9N%RC: noted that e)a"serenewale reso"r)es are &nter3&ttent &n nat"re! generat&ng )aa)&ty that &s ava&lale d"r&ng ea6 er&ods &s less red&)tale than)aa)&ty (ro3 trad&t&onal ("els! and energy a)t"ally rod")ed d"r&ng these t&3es &s even s3aller. ))ord&ng to N%RC! rel&a&l&tyhas two )o3onentsZs"ly ade

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S#len(y NE #%el Flawe%

RPS relies on the >$@S model which is extremely flawed and uses faulty data



W&th so 3any oss&le ass"3t&ons and tyes o( 3ar6ets! the do3&nan)e o( a s&ngle 3odel over 3")h RPS resear)h &s odd. ostst"d&es rely on the A.S. %nergy In(or3at&on d3&n&strat&ons 9%I: Nat&onal %nergy odel&ng Syste3 9N%S:! wh&)h &s alsothe so"r)e o( the (ore)asts &n %Is nn"al %nergy '"tloo6.? N%S &s an e)eed&ngly )o3le )o3"ter rogra3 )ons&st&ngo( th&rteen +3od"les! ea)h the wor6 o( d&((erent resear)hers! that est&3ates and (ore)asts h"ndreds o( var&ales.8 ,hese &n)l"deann"al ("t"re r&)es and o"t"ts (or all (or3s o( energy 9&n)l"d&ng &3orted o&l:! )ons"3t&on y var&o"s tyes o( "sers! and3a)roe)ono3&) var&ales s")h as gross do3est&) rod")t and e3loy3ent. Its o"t"ts deend on l&terally tho"sands o(ass"3t&ons! so3e at the d&s)ret&on o( "sers and others e3od&ed &n &ts h"ndreds o( e

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S#len(y Stat)s D)# P#li(y S#les

%urrent state laws are promoting the use of renewables



%P)t B00 does )onta&n reg"latory and (&nan)&al 3eas"res &ntended to s"ort the renewale &nd"stry. E&6ew&se! state! lo)al!"t&l&ty! and even reg&onal e((orts to en)o"rage renewale energy have &n)reased eonent&ally! as d&s)"ssed &n(ra at Part III.>.,a6en together! these a)t&v&t&es are )o3rehens&ve &n nat"re and s"((&)&ent &n s&;e and s)oe! such that a federal RPS is notnecessary to support the renewable mar+et. . F"el D&vers&ty Ander ,&tle I o( PARP %P)t B00 a3ends ,&tle I o( theP"l&) At&l&ty Reg"latory Pol&)&es )t o( $=?8 9PARP: M= to re=@ '(! Nat&onal sso)&at&on o( an"(a)t"rers


States already are en)o"rag&ng the develo3ent o( renewale energy reso"r)es. ore than =0 ele)tr&) )o3an&es &n M0 stateshave &3le3ented or anno"n)ed green r&)&ng rogra3s to s"ort &nvest3ent &n renewale energy te)hnolog&es. Forty-threestates s"ort rogra3s that o((er &n)ent&ves! grants! loans or reates to )ons"3ers "s&ng renewale energy reso"r)es. ,o date! $Mstates have adoted renewale energy ort(ol&o standards! ased on the&r ("el reso"r)es. nd! ele)tr&) s"l&ers &n n&ne states w&th

)o3et&t&ve reta&l 3ar6ets are o((er&ng green ower rod")ts to )ons"3ers.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# M8

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S#len(y >in% Fails

/ind use won;t grow < cost and structural problems will minimi,e its effectieness



W&nd &s the only renewale whose o"t"t has &n)reased s&gn&(&)antly s&n)e $==0. n &ndeed rod")t&on ta )red&t 9P,C:!)"rrently $.= )ents er 6wh! (&rst e)a3e law &n $==B! and &n $==8 &nvest3ent egan &ts "ward trend. ,he P,C has e&red andeen te3orar&ly etended (o"r t&3es! and &nvest3ent has (l")t"ated a))ord&ngly.?8 ,he %nergy Pol&)y )t o( B00 etended theP,C to )erta&n other renewales! "t &nvest3ent &n the3 has yet to resond. W&nd &s the least s&te-se)&(&) renewale! and so3elarge )ons"3&ng areas are &n easy trans3&ss&on range o( w&ndy ones.?= W&nd "n&ts o(ten en)o"nter less lo)al res&stan)e than(oss&l lants and other renewales! and they )an e gro"ed &nto large +(ar3s. ,wo osta)les 3ay stand &n the way o( w&nds)ont&n"ed growth. F&rst! lo)al&;ed host&l&ty &s grow&ng as "n&ts grow &n s&;e! v&s&&l&ty 9so3e over K00 (eet h&gh:! and a"d&&l&ty.Se)ond! w&nds )osts have greatly &n)reased &n re)ent years. Costs er &nstalled 6&lowatt stead&ly de)l&ned (ro3 the $=80s thro"ghthe early B000s. ,hey then rose y J0O er &nstalled 6&lowatt etween B00M and B00J! $8O etween B00 and B00J alone. ,he3ost &3ortant art o( the &n)rease was an &n)rease &n t"r&ne )osts! wh&)h are ee)ted to re3a&n h&gh over the near ("t"re.80

any nat&onal RPS s)enar&os red&)t that the reonderan)e o( )o3l&an)e &nvest3ents w&ll e w&nd. 'erat&ng eer&en)e has)on(&r3ed that the )osts o( add&ng s3all a3o"nts o( &nter3&ttent renewales to an e&st&ng gr&d are low.8$ Rando3 (l")t"at&ons&n w&nd re

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S#len(y Nee% ;te$ Renewables

@unicipal waste and landfill gas must be included in a RPS



\ ,he a3end3ent (a&ls to )o"nt &3ortant so"r)es o( renewale energy! &n)l"d&ng 3"n&)&al sol&d waste. large n"3er o(states! &n)l"d&ng Conne)t&)"t! Flor&da! Ill&no&s! Ind&ana! aryland! assa)h"setts! &)h&gan! &nnesota! New ersey! New or6and Pennsylvan&a! generate a s&gn&(&)ant ort&on o( the&r renewale energy (ro3 3"n&)&al sol&d waste and land(&ll gas. ,hea3end3ent wo"ld not allow 3"n&)&al sol&d waste to )o"nt toward 3eet&ng the RPS re

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S#len(y !" RECs

R$%;s preent effectie economic and enironmental distribution



,he geograh&) d&str&"t&on o( renewales &s "neven! and the

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S#len(y !" @ by 2-2-

RPS percentage mandates are unrealistic < renewables will hae to quadruple capacity



,he RPS 3end3ent &s Anreal&st&) $0 er)ent RPS 3andate y B0B0 &s "nreal&st&). In B00$! nonhydroower renewaleenergy a))o"nted (or only B.$ er)ent o( generat&on and &s roHe)ted to &n)rease to only M.M er)ent o( generat&on y B0B!a))ord&ng to the (ederal govern3ents %nergy In(or3at&on d3&n&strat&on 9%I:. ,he a3end3ent wo"ld re&nga3ana3end3ent! &n B0B0 "t&l&t&es wo"ld have to generate ele)tr&)&ty (ro3 renewale energy reso"r)es e&nga3an a3end3ent are ased on a3o"nts o( energy rod")ed! not )aa)&ty. ,here(ore! &n 3any)ases "t&l&t&es wo"ld have to +over"&ld the&r renewale )aa)&ty &n order to 3eet the targets. ,he 3ost ro3&s&ng renewaleenergy te)hnology! w&nd energy! oerates at only ao"t M0-K0 er)ent o( )aa)&ty. ,here(ore! al3ost three t&3es th&s a3o"nt o()aa)&ty wo"ld e re

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Renewable 9s >in% /in,

=ll other renewable are economically and technically infeasible < RPS would be NHK wind energy



Renewale %nergy &s W&nd %nergy. ,he not&on that an RPS w&ll &n)l"de a +ort(ol&o o( renewale energy so"r)es &s 3&slead&ngZw&nd energy &s the only e)ono3&)ally v&ale renewale energy so"r)e g&ven )"rrent te)hnolog&es. ltho"gh other renewaleso"r)es! s")h as &o3ass and solar! have long-ter3 otent&al! they are )"rrently no 3ore than n&)he te)hnolog&es. %ven ass"3&ngthat these te)hnolog&es &3rove s&gn&(&)antly &n the net de)ade or two! a 3aHor log&st&)al osta)le w&ll re3a&n. ,he te)hnologyto )onvert &o3ass &nto ele)tr&)&ty re3a&ns roh&&t&vely eens&ve and "n)erta&n. "ge &nvest3ents w&ll e needed to "&ld&n(rastr")t"re to gather and transort large

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S0en%in? 9 =@ '(! Nat&onal sso)&at&on o( an"(a)t"rers


n RPS 3andate w&ll also re

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RPS P#0)la$

RPS is oerwhelmingly popular < post opposition is gone

Coral 9aenport '(! C@ Sta((

*+Senate De3o)rats See 'en&ng (or Renewale Standard! C@ 7reen Sheets! /B/0?! htt1//"l&).)

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RPS An0#0)la$

$nergy consumers hate power prices that unintentionally result from RPS

Blobal Power Report '(

*+RPS 3ay have "n&ntended )onse

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RPS An0#0)la$ /#bbies

$xtremely influential lobbies oppose the plan

The Cill '(

*+Renewales "shed as art&al sol"t&on to gloal war3&ng! $/$J/0?! htt1//theh&ll.)o3/"s&ness--loy/renewales-"shed-as-art&al-sol"t&on-to-gloal-war3&ng-B00?-0$-$J.ht3l4

Wh&le the roosal has a (ew ower("l a)6ers! an RPS st&ll wo"ld engender the oos&t&on o( )erta&n "t&l&t&es w&th loy&ngower der&ved (ro3 the enor3o"s s"3s they send on )a3a&gns and on ol&t&)al advo)a)y! as well as the n"3er o( eole whoare a((e)ted y the&r "s&ness. S"orters o( an RPS )ontend the standard wont are)&aly ra&se )ons"3er ele)tr&)&ty &lls! "tthe &nd"stry )ontends )erta&n areas wo"ld ay 3ore (or ower "nder a ort(ol&o standard.

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# K8

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RPS * Fli0 Fl#0

Gush opposes RPS < plan would be a flip flop

$O$%UT8D$ #8%$ TC$ PR$S89$>T '(! 'FFIC% 'F N7%%N, ND >AD7%,

*+S,,%%N, 'F DINIS,R,I'N P'EIC! /$B/0?! .R. J Creat&ng Eong-ter3 %nergy lternat&ves (or the Nat&on 9CE%N: )t!htt1//www.wh&teho"se.gov/o3/leg&slat&ve/sa/$$0-$/hrJsa-s.d(4

Renewale Port(ol&o Standards1 ,he d3&n&strat&on wo"ld oose an a3end3ent to add a narrow nat&onal renewale ort(ol&ostandard 9RPS: (or ower generat&on. l&3&ted Federal RPS wo"ld res"lt &n h&gher ele)tr&)&ty )osts (or )ons"3ers &n areas whererenewale reso"r)es are less ava&lale and )o"ld la)e new stra&ns on ele)tr&)&ty rel&a&l&ty needs. one-s&;e-(&ts-all Federal RPS3andate &gnores the se)&(&) energy and e)ono3&) needs o( the &nd&v&d"al States. ,here are s&gn&(&)ant reg&onal d&((eren)es &nava&la&l&ty! a3o"nt! and tyes o( renewale energy reso"r)es! res"lt&ng &n d&((erent reg&ons o( the )o"ntry rely&ng on d&((erent("el 3&es. s a res"lt! standards are est le(t to State d&s)ret&on.

4+2 agenda

We-wed love to see that enny! wo"ldnt we# K=

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9e's 3 RPS

9emocratic leadership supports the plan

The Cill '(

*+Renewales "shed as art&al sol"t&on to gloal war3&ng! $/$J/0?! htt1//theh&ll.)o3/"s&ness--loy/renewales-"shed-as-art&al-sol"t&on-to-gloal-war3&ng-B00?-0$-$J.ht3l4

,o a))o3l&sh any o( the aove! De3o)rat&) leaders 3ay have to over)o3e oos&t&on w&th&n the&r own )a")"s! &n add&t&on toeel&ng o(( Re"l&)an votes. n RPS has assed the Senate "t not the o"se! where Re"l&)an leaders lo)6ed &t (ro33ov&ng to the (loor. De3o)rats who have oosed an RPS &n)l"de new %nergy and &r @"al&ty S")o33&ttee Cha&r3an R&)6>o")her 9D: o( L&rg&n&a! a state heav&ly rel&ant on )oal to rod")e ele)tr&)&ty. De3o)rat&) leadersh&! however! &s l&6ely tos"ort an RPS.

124 ss rps case neg 1.0

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