• 12/5 Focus:12/5 Focus:– The location of Rome helped Romans

to carry on trade and build an empire around the Mediterranean Sea.

– Rome and Carthage fought a series of war for control of the Mediterranean trade routes

• Important Terms:Important Terms: -Empire -Empire

• Do NowDo Now– Identify one group that influenced the

development of early Rome

ReviewReview

Ancient RomeAncient Rome

Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion

Punic WarsPunic Wars

Rome Takes ItalyRome Takes Italy

• 509 BC – 264 BC• Romans defeat

Etruscans and Greek cities in southern Italy– Romans granted

conquered people many of the rights of Roman citizens • Demanded

obedience to Rome and taxes

The Punic Wars

• Rome and Carthage fought a series of wars for control of the Mediterranean –Carthage was a

Phoenician trading colony in North Africa

The First Punic WarThe First Punic War• Roman

expansion into Sicily brought it into conflict with Carthage – Carthage-strong

navy vs. Rome-strong army

• Rome is able to defeat Carthage – Carthage

loses Sicily • pays for war

damages

The Second Punic WarThe Second Punic War

• Rome and Carthage come into conflict over control of Spain (218-201 BC)

• Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy– Well trained army and

war elephants cross the Pyrenees and Alps

– Hannibal defeats Roman armies and creates chaos in Italy

The Second Punic WarThe Second Punic War

• Italy invades Carthage – Led by Scipio– Hannibal forced to

return to Carthage • Scipio defeats Hannibal

outside Carthage • Carthage is defeated

– Loses land in Spain and in North Africa

The Third Punic WarThe Third Punic War• Many Romans were

still angry for the huge losses suffered when Hannibal invaded Italy

– Roman Senator Cato pushes for the destruction of the Carthage

• Rome declares war on Carthage (149 BC)

And to conclude…

Carthage must be destroyed

And to conclude…

Carthage must be destroyed

The Third Punic WarThe Third Punic War

• Romans destroy Carthage and enslave the entire population– It is said that the

Romans sprinkled salt into ground so that nothing would ever grow in Carthage again

Conquest of GreeceConquest of Greece

• Rome defeats the Macedonians and take control of Greece and Persia• Influx of Greek

culture into Rome

• Rome dominates the Mediterranean

•

ClosureClosure

• Why were the Punic Wars fought? • What was one effect of the Roman

victory in the Punic Wars?