13 molecular genetics transcription translation vcbc

7/29/2019 13 Molecular Genetics Transcription Translation VCBC

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From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Compound microscope objectives, T. Port

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2/19

MolecularGenetics

Transcription& Translation

Image: Transcription, National HumanGenome Research InstituteFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svg


3/19

Genetics Terminology

________- Completecomplement of an organismsDNA.

Cellular DNA is organized in_____________.

______have specific places onchromosomes.

Q:What does the termexpressedhave to do with todayslecture?

Image: Chromosome & gene, Graham Colm,National Human Genome Research Institute From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/what-is-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/what-is-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gene.pnghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gene.pnghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/what-is-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid.html


4/19

Nucleic Acids: DNA Structure

Image: DNA Detail Diagram: Madprime; DNA Molecule, Biology CornerFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_chemical_structure.svghttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_chemical_structure.svg


5/19

Nucleic Acids RNA Structure

RNA is typically a single-stranded molecule.

Purine Bases(double ring)Adenine & Guanine

Pyrimidine Bases(single ring)

Cytosine & _______

Image: RNA, Biology CornerFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.html


6/19

Nucleic Acid Structure

Image: Comparison of DNA & RNA, Wiki CommonsFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com

See SPO Class Notes article on Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/nucleotides-nucleic-acids-atp-rna-dna.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/nucleotides-nucleic-acids-atp-rna-dna.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg


7/19

Nucleic AcidFunction

Transcription

Image: Transcription, National HumanGenome Research Institute.From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svg


8/19

Replication & Transcription

MAKING DNA = ______________Making a copy of the genetic material.Think duplication.

Image: Replication Diagram: Madprime, Wiki; Transcription,National Human Genome Research Institute

MAKING RNA=

___________Transferring the genetic codeinformation (DNA) into RNA.Think of a medical transcriptionist copying thephysicians words into another format.

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_replication_split.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/what-is-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/what-is-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid.htmlhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_replication_split.svg


9/19

Transcription

Process by which a DNA sequence iscopied to produce acomplementary RNA.

In other words, it is the transferof genetic information fromDNA into RNA.

Like replication, but making RNA.

Beginning of the process thatultimately leads to thetranslation of the genetic code(via mRNA) into a protein.

Image: Transcription, National HumanGenome Research Institute.From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/genetic-replication-copying-dna.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_transcription.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/genetic-replication-copying-dna.html


10/19

Types of RNA

Images: Blueprint, clipart; Factory, Andreas Praefcke; Truck, PRA.

Genetic information copied from DNA istransferred to 3 types of RNA:

__________ RNA: mRNACopy of information in DNA that is brought to

the ribosome and translated into protein bytRNA & rRNA.

__________ RNA: rRNAMost of the RNA in cells is associated with

structures known as ribosomes, the proteinfactories of the cells.

It is the site of translation where geneticinformation brought by mRNA is translatedinto actual proteins.

___________ RNA: tRNABrings the amino acid to the ribosome that

mRNA coded for.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfsburg_VW-Werk.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_truck_USA.JPGhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/ribonucleic-acid-rna-structure-and-function.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_truck_USA.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfsburg_VW-Werk.jpg


11/19

Nucleic AcidFunction

Translation

Image: Peptide Synthesis Diagram: Boumphreyfr, WikiFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.png


12/19

Replication, Transcription, Translation

MAKING DNA

Making a copy of the genetic material = ReplicationWhen you think replication think duplication

Where does replication occur inprokaryotes?Eukaryotes?

MAKING RNA

Transferring genetic code (DNA) to RNA = TranscriptionThink of a medical transcriptionist copying the physicians words into anotherformat.

Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes? Eukaryotes?

MAKING PROTEINSMaking proteins = ______________.Think of how translation relates to languages.The translation of biology translates DNA information into proteins.

Images: Replication Diagram: Madprime; PeptideSynthesis Diagram: Boumphreyfr, WikiFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/prokaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/cell-biology/eukaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_replication_split.svghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_replication_split.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/cell-biology/eukaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/prokaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.html


13/19

Translation & The ________ _______

_____________(which containrRNA)make proteins from the

messages encoded in mRNA.

The genetic instructions for apolypeptide chain are writtenin the DNA as a series of3-nucleotide words.

______ on mRNA

___________ on tRNA

U (uracil) replaces T in RNA

This is the genetic code.

Q:Where does translationoccur inprokaryotes?

Q:Eukaryotes?

Image: Codon-Anticodon pairing, Yikrazuul, Wiki; Peptide SynthesisDiagram: Boumphreyfr, Wiki; Ribosome translating protein, Xvazquez.

Anti-codon

Codon


Click here

for animation

of ribosome

building a

protein.
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/prokaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/prokaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/eukaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codon-Anticodon_pairing.svghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation.gifhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation.gifhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation.gifhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Peptide_syn.pnghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codon-Anticodon_pairing.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codon-Anticodon_pairing.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codon-Anticodon_pairing.svghttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/eukaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/cell-biology/prokaryotic-cell-parts-functions-diagrams.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/what-are-proteins-amino-acids-peptide-bonds.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.html


14/19

Overview

______________

Synthesis of RNA underthe direction of DNA(mRNA).

______________

Actual synthesis of apolypeptide (protein)under the direction of

mRNA.

Eukaryotic Cell

Diagram: Transcription & Translation, NIHFrom the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MRNA-interaction.pnghttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MRNA-interaction.png


15/19

Overview

See SPO Class Notes article on DNA Function: Transcription & Translation.
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/genetics/nucleic-acid-function-DNA-replication-transcription-translation.html


16/19

Overview


17/19

Confused?Here are links to fun resources that furtherexplain genetic transcription & translation:

Molecular Genetics: Transcription &Translation Main Page on the Virtual Cell BiologyClassroom ofScience Prof Online.

That Spells DNA song by Jonathan Coulton.

DNA Transcriptionstep-through animation by John Kyrk. Transcribe & Translate a Gene, from University of

Utah.

DNA Transcription and Protein Assemblyanimated movie by RedAndBrownPaperBag.

Genetic by Sonic Youth.

Transcription and Translation animated movie fromPBS production DNA: The Secret of Life. The Protein Synthesis Song by

MrsPurpleMonster18.

(You must be in PPT slideshow view to click on links.)

http://www.scienceprofonline.com/vcbc/molecular-genetics-transcription-tranlation-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/vcbc/molecular-genetics-transcription-tranlation-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx3xJYXoSoQhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.htmlhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBMJx4H8NZYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2lshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2KzohY1tZA&feature=relatedhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2KzohY1tZA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2lshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBMJx4H8NZYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGYhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx3xJYXoSoQhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/vcbc/molecular-genetics-transcription-tranlation-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/vcbc/molecular-genetics-transcription-tranlation-main.html


18/19

In-class Assignment

At the end of some lectures,I will give you some type ofin-class assignment orhomework to evaluate yourunderstanding of todaystopic.

This assignment will always beopen-book.

Today, if assigned you will becompleting an activityon thetopic of DNA Transcription &Translation.

See the ScienceProfOnline Virtual Cell MolecularGenetics: DNA Transcription & Translation Lecture

for a printable Word .doc of this assignment.

http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/


19/19

Are you feeling blinded by science?

Do yourself a favor. Use the

Virtual Cell BiologyClassroom (VCBC) !

The VCBC is full of resources to help you succeed,including:

practice test questions

review questions

study guides and learning objectives PowerPoints on other topics

Access the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom (VCBC) on the Science Prof Online websitewww.ScienceProfOnline.com

I Bli d d With S i lb Th D lb E d b t M i R i Wiki
http://www.scienceprofonline.com/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IlHgbOWj4ohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram_en.svghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IlHgbOWj4ohttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/http://www.scienceprofonline.org/virtual-cell-main.htmlhttp://www.scienceprofonline.com/virtual-cell-main.html

13 molecular genetics transcription translation vcbc

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