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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECHCHARACTERISTICS:
It is original quotation of a talk It is always placed between two quotation marks It is always preceded by Capital letter
Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct speech when the introductory verb position is in the front
Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the introductory verb position is placed after or between the direct speech
The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!), question mark (?) that point type of sentence of direct speech do not change
Eg. - ‘Where do you live?’ she asked - My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your hands!’- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door open!’
INDIRECT SPEECH
It is a kind of report sentence (reported speech)
It retells one’s talk or idea It undergoes certain modification
It has three types of indirect speech 1. Imperative (Command/request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (question
1. Imperative (Command/request) The reported is a command Because of a command so that it
does not know subject The verb in direct imperative does
not change
- Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to sleep, to open
It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be here
POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:DIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECH
She said, “She said, “GoGo away!” away!”
““Come Come here!” she here!” she said.said.
I said, “I said, “Be quiteBe quite!” !”
‘‘Be quietBe quiet!’ she yelled at !’ she yelled at the children the children
She begged, “She begged, “Be Be happyhappy!” !”
‘‘Please Please helphelp me!’ she me!’ she told him told him
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
INDIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH She told me She told me to goto go away away
She ordered her She ordered her to goto go away away
She asked him She asked him to cometo come there there
She commended them She commended them to cometo come there there
I begged us I begged us to be quiteto be quite
I suggested the children I suggested the children to be quiteto be quite
She ordered the children She ordered the children to to be quietbe quiet
She warned She warned to be happyto be happy
She asked him She asked him to helpto help her her
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:DIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Don’t go away!”
“Don’t Come here!” she said
I said, “Don’t Be noisy!”She begged, “Don’t be lazy!”
‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said to Laila
‘Don’t worry about it!’ She said to him
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
INDIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH
She told me not to go awayShe ordered her not to go away
She asked him not to come thereShe commended them not to come there
I begged us not to be noisyI suggested the children not to be noisy
She warned us not to be lazy
She advised Laila not to be lazy
She told him not to worry about it
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Declarative (Statement) A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHI He/SheYou me/he/she/them/I/him/herMy his/herOur their/ourYour My/his/her
Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH now then today that day tomorrow the next day
the day afterthe following daya day later
next the … after the following …
Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH last … the … before
the previous …the preceding …
… ago … before … earlieryesterday the day before
the previous daythe preceeding day
the day before yesterday two days beforehere there this that these those
Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Present Simple Past SimplePresent Continuous Past ContinuousPresent Perfect Past PerfectPresent Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Future Simple Past FutureFuture Continuous Past Future ContinuousFuture Perfect Past Future PerfectFuture Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect
Continuous
Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHPast Simple Past PerfectPast Continuous Past Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Past Perfect
Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHVerb 1 Verb 2Verb 2 Had + Verb 3Is wasAm wasAre wereHave hadHas hadDo didDoes didWas/were had beenDid had + verb 3
Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHCan couldMay mightMust had toShall shouldWill would
Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 / beenCould + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / beenMight + verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / beenShould + verb 1 should + have + verb3 / beenWould + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 / been
Examples:DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he would go then
Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved her
‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that she answered had been writing
Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that she had been sick
the day before
3. Interrogative (question)a. Preceded by Auxiliary
When the question is preceded by auxiliary that needs yes/No answer it will be used the conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
The steps how to make indirect speech: The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly
changed to be statement It then follows the rules before
ExampleDIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Doctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’It is firstly changed to be: You usually take a nap Doctor asks
if/whether I usually take a
nap
ExampleDIRECT SPEECH
Mary: ‘Are you a student?’It is firstly changed to be: You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH
Ratu asked if/whether I was astudent
ExampleDIRECT SPEECHJohn: ‘May I borrow your car?’
Preceded by Question Word (QW)It is firstly changed to be: I may borrow your car
INDIRECT SPEECH John asked if he might borrow my John asked whether he might borrow my
a. Preceded by Question WordsIn the question using Question
Word (QW)To form indirect speech the question
is firstly changed to be statementQW: what, when, where, which,
why, who, whom, etc. are used as conjunction
ExampleDIRECT SPEECH
Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’
- It is firstly changed to be:You spell your name
INDIRECT SPEECH Andi asked how I spelt my name
ExampleDIRECT SPEECH Sophia: Where can you keep your money safely?’
It is firstly changed to be:You can keep your money safely
INDIRECT SPEECH - Sophia asked me where I could keep my
money safely.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH